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Latin Catholic ecclesiastical jurisdiction in Italy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Diocese of Rieti (Latin: Dioecesis Reatina (-S. Salvatoris Maioris)) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. It is immediately exempt to the Holy See.[1][2][3] Its cathedra is in St. Mary Cathedral in the episcopal see of Rieti.
Diocese of Rieti (-S. Salvatore Maggiore) Dioecesis Reatina (-S. Salvatoris Maioris) | |
|---|---|
St. Mary Cathedral, Rieti | |
| Location | |
| Country | Italy |
| Ecclesiastical province | Immediately exempt of the Holy See |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 1,818 km2 (702 sq mi) |
| Population - Total - Catholics | (as of 2017) 95,666 90,644 (94.8%) |
| Parishes | 94 |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Catholic Church |
| Sui iuris church | Latin Church |
| Rite | Roman Rite |
| Established | 5th century |
| Cathedral | Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta |
| Patron saint | Eleutherius and Antia |
| Secular priests | 70 (diocesan) 22 (Religious Orders) 17 Permanent Deacons |
| Current leadership | |
| Pope | Francis |
| Bishop | Vito Piccinonna |
| Website | |
| Chiesa di Rieti (in Italian) | |
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The diocese was established in the fifth century.
In 1148, the city of Rieti was attacked and destroyed by King Roger of Sicily. On 10 August 1201, the city was totally destroyed by fire.[4]
Pope Innocent III visited Rieti for a month, in July and August 1198.[5] He is said to have consecrated the churches of S. Giovanni Evangelista and S. Eleuterio.[6]
In March 1074, Pope Gregory VII gave the Benedictine monastery of Ss. Quiricus and Giulitta to Bishop Rainerius (1074–1084), and ordered all its monks and laypersons to obey him in all things. In 1215, when the monks had murdered their abbot and dissipated their income, Pope Innocent III had them expelled, and introduced the Premonstratensians in their place.[7]
In 1228, Pope Gregory IX (dei Conti di Segni) was driven out of Rome by the supporters of the Emperor Frederick II; he spent a month in April and May in exile in Rieti, before moving to other places of refuge.[8] He was driven from Rome a second time on 1 June 1231, and sought refuge again in Rieti, where he remained for more than a year.[9]
Pope Nicholas IV (Masci) spent part of 1188, from 13 May to 15 October, in Rieti; in 1289, he was there from 18 May to 7 October. On 29 May 1289, in the cathedral of Reate, Pope Nicholas IV crowned Charles II of Sicily as King of Sicily.[10]
Pope Boniface VIII (Caetani) visited Rieti from 28 August to 5 December 1298.[11] On 28 November 1298, a major earthquake struck Rieti, Spoleto and Città di Pieve, causing considerable loss of life and destruction of buildings.[12]
The diocese of Rieti would have lost territory on 24 June 1502, when Pope Alexander VI established the Diocese of Città Ducale, but Cardinal Giovanni Colonna, the Bishop of Rieti (1480–1508) objected, and the plan was dropped, the territory being returned to Rieti on 8 November 1505, as a diocese under the Administratorship of the cardinal. However, after Cardinal Colonna died on 26 September 1508, Pope Julius II reactivated the diocese of Città Ducale on 16 October 1508. The diocese was suppressed on 27 June 1818, but its territory did not return to the diocese of Rieti; it was given instead to the diocese of L'Aquila.[13] On 3 June 1925 Pope Pius XI added S. Salvatore Maggiore to the name of the diocese, upon the suppression of the monastery of S. Salvatore Maggiore.[2][3]
Newly returned from the Council of Trent, and under the influence of Cardinal Carlo Borromeo, Cardinal Marco Antonio Amulio (1562–1572) began, in 1564, a plan to establish a seminary in Rieti. His plan was modest, a student body of twenty-six, with an appropriate number of teachers of the humanities, philosophy, and theology. The original location of the institution was the former Palace of the Podestà. Financing was, and always remained the difficulty. Vacant benefices were appropriated for the faculty, and the income from other benefices was used to pay for free tuition for the students. But payments that supported the benefices were always in arrears.[14]
The original cathedral was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and was in existence by 598. In that year, a deacon of the church wrote to Pope Gregory I, requesting that he order the relics of Ss. Hermas, Hyacinth and Maximus be enshrined in the cathedral, a task which the Pope entrusted to Bishop Chrysanthus of Spoleto, presumably because the See of Rieti was vacant.[15] This cathedral was subject to the unwelcome attentions of the Goths, the Lombards, and the Saracens, leaving it in a dilapidated condition. The influx of population into the town made its size inadequate.
A new cathedral was begun by Bishop Benincasa, a patrician of Rieti, who laid the cornerstone on 27 April 1109. The design included a lower church (or crypt) and an upper church.[16] The lower church was consecrated in 1137, and was the site of the election of Bishop Dodo.[17] There was a long intermission in building due to the attacks of King Roger of Sicily, a supporter of Pope Anacletus II against Pope Innocent II; Roger was an enemy of Pope Innocent, defeated him in battle, and dominated central Italy. In 1148, the city of Rieti was destroyed by King Roger, and its people fled to the hills and dispersed. In 1201, the city was destroyed again, this time by fire. Another fire took place in 1214.[18] The upper church was consecrated by Pope Honorius III, who had been driven out of Rome and was living in exile in Rieti, on 9 September 1225.[19] Bishop Antonino Camarda (1724–1754) renewed the pavement of the cathedral inb 1735, and Bishop Marini rebuilt the tribune, presbytery, and the high altar, which was reconsecrated in 1806.[20] The cathedral was given the title of basilica by Pope Gregory XVI in 1841.[21]
The bishop's palace, next to the cathedral, suffered repeated injuries from fires and earthquakes, until, in 1283, Bishop Pietro Guerra (1278–1286) began a complete reconstruction, along with the addition of a grand salon for large meetings.[22]
The Chapter of the cathedral is a corporate body, which is responsible for the administration and serving of the cathedral and the maintenance of its liturgical events. At Rieti it was composed of sixteen Canons, headed by the Archdeacon. The Canons had a common treasury, rather than individual prebends. There were also twelve beneficed priests, called clerici beneficiati. Cardinal Benedetto Cappelletti (1833–1834) established an additional twelve beneficed priests, called beneficiati Cappelletti.[23]
A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.[24]
Bishop Giorgio Bolognetti summoned and presided over a diocesan synod in Rieti on 24–25 September 1645, and had the decrees published.[25] On 27 September 1678, Bishop Ippolito Vicentini (1670–1702) held a diocesan synod, and had the constitutions published.[26] Bishop Bernardino Guinigi (1711–1723) presided over a diocesan synod in Rieti on 13 September 1716.[27] In 1766, Bishop Giovanni de Vita (1764–1774) held a diocesan synod.[28]
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