Bicoecida

Bicoecida^[7] (ICZN) or Bicosoecales/Bicoecea (ICBN) is an order of Bikosea, a small group of unicellular flagellates, included among the stramenopiles. Informally known as bicoecids, they are free-living cells, with no chloroplasts, and in some genera are encased in a lorica.

Bicoecida
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Sar
Clade:	Stramenopiles
Phylum:	Bigyra
Class:	Bikosea
Superorder:	Cyathobodoniae
Order:	Bicoecida Grassé, 1926
Families
Bicosoecidae Labromonadidae
Synonyms
Bikoecida Stein, 1878 Bicoecinae Grassé, 1926[1] Bicoecidea Grassé & Deflandre in Grassé, 1952[2] Bicosoecales Bourrelly, 1968, 1981 Bicoecales Kristiansen, 1972[3] Bicosoecophyceae Casper, 1974, Loeblich III & Loeblich 1979[4] Bicosoecea Cavalier-Smith, 1986 Bicoecia Cavalier-Smith, 1989 Bicoecea Cavalier-Smith, 1993 Bicocoecida Grassé, 1926[5] emend. Karpov, 1998[6] Honigberg et al., 1964, Zhukov, 1978, Karpov, 1998, 2000 Bicocoecida van den Hoek et al., 1995 Bicosoecida Honigberg et al., 1964, Zhukov, 1978, Karpov, 1998, 2000

The name of the type genus Bicosoeca described by James-Clark in 1866 is derived from Greek roots (bikos, vase, bowl, plus oekein, inhabit). The philologically preferable compound would be Bicoeca, as "corrected" by Stein in 1878 and followed by most subsequent authors. However, according to the ICBN and ICZN, the original spelling of the name cannot be considered incorrect and it must be used in its original form.

The group was formerly considered to be related to the Chrysophyceae.^[8]

Some authors use the vernacular term "bicoecid" (or "bicosoecid") in a narrower sense, only for Bicosoeca, applying "bicoeceans" to Bicosoeca and related groups like Cafeteria.^[9]

Morphology

Representation of a bicoecid

1. Anterior flagellum
2. Mastigoneme
3. "Lip"
4. Flagellar root subtending lip
5. Bacterial prey
6. Golgi apparatus, packages proteins
7. Phagocytic vesicle
8. Nucleus
9. Nucleolus
10. Endoplasmic reticulum, the transport network for molecules going to specific parts of the cell
11. Mitochondrion; creates ATP (energy) for the cell
12. Contractile vacuole, regulates the quantity of water inside a cell
13. Digestive Vacuole
14. Recurrent flagellum
15. Lorica