Berkelium (97Bk) is an artificial element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be synthesized was 243Bk in 1949. There are twenty known radioisotopes, from 233Bk and 233Bk to 253Bk (except 235Bk and 237Bk), and six nuclear isomers. The longest-lived isotope is 247Bk with a half-life of 1,380 years.
List of isotopes
Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da)[3] [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life[1] |
Decay mode[1] [n 4] |
Daughter isotope |
Spin and parity[1] [n 5][n 6] | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy[n 6] | |||||||||||||||||||
233Bk | 97 | 136 | 233.05665(25)# | 40(30) s | α | 229Am | 3/2-# | ||||||||||||
β+? | 233Cm | ||||||||||||||||||
234Bk | 97 | 137 | 234.05732(16)# | 20(5) s | α (>80%) | 230Am | 3-# | ||||||||||||
β+ (<20%) | 234Cm | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, SF?[4] | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
236Bk | 97 | 139 | 236.05748(39)# | 26(10) s | β+ (99.96%) | 236Cm | 4+# | ||||||||||||
β+, SF (0.04%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
α? | 232Am | ||||||||||||||||||
238Bk | 97 | 141 | 238.05820(28)# | 2.40(8) min | β+ (99.95%) | 238Cm | 1# | ||||||||||||
β+, SF (0.048%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
α? | 234Am | ||||||||||||||||||
239Bk | 97 | 142 | 239.05824(22)# | 100# s | β+ | 239Cm | (7/2+) | ||||||||||||
α? | 235Am | ||||||||||||||||||
SF? | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
240Bk | 97 | 143 | 240.05976(16)# | 4.8(8) min | β+? | 240Cm | 7−# | ||||||||||||
β+, SF (0.0020%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
α? | 236Am | ||||||||||||||||||
241Bk | 97 | 144 | 241.06010(18)# | 4.6(4) min | β+? | 241Cm | (7/2+) | ||||||||||||
α? | 237Am | ||||||||||||||||||
242Bk | 97 | 145 | 242.06198(22)# | 7.0(13) min | β+ | 242Cm | 3+# | ||||||||||||
β+, SF (<3×10−5%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
α? | 238Am | ||||||||||||||||||
242mBk | 2000(200)# keV | 600(100) ns | SF | (various) | |||||||||||||||
IT? | 242Bk | ||||||||||||||||||
243Bk | 97 | 146 | 243.0630059(49) | 4.6(2) h | β+ (99.85%) | 243Cm | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
α (.15%) | 239Am | ||||||||||||||||||
244Bk | 97 | 147 | 244.065179(15) | 5.02(3) h | β+? | 244Cm | 4− | ||||||||||||
α (0.006%) | 240Am | ||||||||||||||||||
244mBk | 1500(500)# keV | 820(60) ns | SF | (various) | |||||||||||||||
IT? | 244Bk | ||||||||||||||||||
245Bk | 97 | 148 | 245.0663598(19) | 4.95(3) d | EC (99.88%) | 245Cm | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
α (.12%) | 241Am | ||||||||||||||||||
246Bk | 97 | 149 | 246.068671(64) | 1.80(2) d | β+ | 246Cm | 2(−) | ||||||||||||
α? | 242Am | ||||||||||||||||||
247Bk | 97 | 150 | 247.0703059(56) | 1.38(25)×103 y | α | 243Am | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
SF? | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
248Bk | 97 | 151 | 248.073142(54) | >9 y | α? | 244Am | 6+# | ||||||||||||
EC? | 248Cm | ||||||||||||||||||
248mBk | −20(50) keV[n 7] | 23.7(2) h | β− (70%) | 248Cf | 1(−) | ||||||||||||||
EC (30%) | 248Cm | ||||||||||||||||||
α? | 244Am | ||||||||||||||||||
249Bk | 97 | 152 | 249.0749831(13) | 327.2(3) d | β− | 249Cf | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
α (.00145%) | 245Am | ||||||||||||||||||
SF (4.7×10−8%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
249mBk | 8.777(14) keV | 300 μs | IT | 249Bk | 3/2− | ||||||||||||||
250Bk | 97 | 153 | 250.0783172(31) | 3.212(5) h | β− | 250Cf | 2− | ||||||||||||
250m1Bk | 35.59(10) keV | 29(1) μs | IT | 250Bk | 4+ | ||||||||||||||
250m2Bk | 85.6(16) keV | 213(8) μs | IT | 250Bk | 7+ | ||||||||||||||
251Bk | 97 | 154 | 251.080761(12) | 55.6(11) min | β− | 251Cf | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||
251mBk | 35.5(13) keV | 58(4) μs | IT | 251Bk | (7/2+) | ||||||||||||||
252Bk | 97 | 155 | 252.08431(22)# | 1.8(5) min | β−? | 252Cf | |||||||||||||
α? | 248Am | ||||||||||||||||||
253Bk | 97 | 156 | 253.08688(39)# | 60# min | β−? | 253Cf | 3/2-# | ||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- mBk – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture SF: Spontaneous fission - ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
Actinides vs fission products
Actinides[6] by decay chain | Half-life range (a) |
Fission products of 235U by yield[7] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4n | 4n + 1 | 4n + 2 | 4n + 3 | 4.5–7% | 0.04–1.25% | <0.001% | ||
228Ra№ | 4–6 a | 155Euþ | ||||||
248Bk[8] | > 9 a | |||||||
244Cmƒ | 241Puƒ | 250Cf | 227Ac№ | 10–29 a | 90Sr | 85Kr | 113mCdþ | |
232Uƒ | 238Puƒ | 243Cmƒ | 29–97 a | 137Cs | 151Smþ | 121mSn | ||
249Cfƒ | 242mAmƒ | 141–351 a |
No fission products have a half-life | |||||
241Amƒ | 251Cfƒ[9] | 430–900 a | ||||||
226Ra№ | 247Bk | 1.3–1.6 ka | ||||||
240Pu | 229Th | 246Cmƒ | 243Amƒ | 4.7–7.4 ka | ||||
245Cmƒ | 250Cm | 8.3–8.5 ka | ||||||
239Puƒ | 24.1 ka | |||||||
230Th№ | 231Pa№ | 32–76 ka | ||||||
236Npƒ | 233Uƒ | 234U№ | 150–250 ka | 99Tc₡ | 126Sn | |||
248Cm | 242Pu | 327–375 ka | 79Se₡ | |||||
1.33 Ma | 135Cs₡ | |||||||
237Npƒ | 1.61–6.5 Ma | 93Zr | 107Pd | |||||
236U | 247Cmƒ | 15–24 Ma | 129I₡ | |||||
244Pu | 80 Ma |
... nor beyond 15.7 Ma[10] | ||||||
232Th№ | 238U№ | 235Uƒ№ | 0.7–14.1 Ga | |||||
|
References
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