Battle of Tonlé Sap

The Battle of Tonlé Sap^[2] (French: Bataille de Tonlé Sap) took place between Champa and the Khmer Empire in 1177.

Battle of Tonlé Sap
Part of Khmer–Cham wars
Relief at Bayon temple
Date 13 June 1177[1] Location Tonlé Sap Result Panduranga victory
Belligerents
Khmer Empire	Champa
Commanders and leaders
Tribhuvanadityavarman	Jaya Indravarman IV
Strength
Unknown	Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Unknown

Background

Under Suryavarman II (reigned 1113–1150), the Khmer kingdom united internally,^[3] and the largest temple of Angkor, Angkor Wat, dedicated to the god Vishnu, was built in a period of 37 years. In the east, his campaigns against Champa and Annam were unsuccessful,^[4] though he did sack Vijaya in 1145 and depose Jaya Indravarman III.^[5] The Khmers occupied Vijaya until 1149, when they were driven out by Jaya Harivarman I.^[6] Suryavarman II sent a mission to the Chola dynasty of south India and presented a precious stone to the Chola emperor Kulothunga Chola I in 1114.^[7][8]

Another period followed, in which kings reigned briefly and were violently overthrown by their successors. Finally in 1177, the Angkor capital was raided and looted in a naval battle on the Tonlé Sap lake by a Cham fleet under king Jaya Indravarman IV,^[1] and Tribhuvanadityavarman, ruler of Angkor, was killed.^[9][10]

See also

• Khmer–Cham wars
• Po Klong Garai
• Bayon

References

Citations

1. Golzio 2021, p. 29.
2. The Bayon bas-relief depicts a battle on the Tonlé Sap lake, Angkor Thom
3. Higham 2004, p. 113.
4. Higham 2004, p. 114.
5. Maspero 2002, p. 75–56.
6. Coedès 1968, p. 160.
7. Kulke & Rothermund 1998, p. 125.
8. Prakash & Lombard 1999, p. 29–30.
9. Maspero 2002, p. 78.
10. Coedès 1968, p. 164.

Bibliography

• Aymonier, Etienne (1893). The History of Tchampa (the Cyamba of Marco Polo, Now Annam Or Cochin-China). Oriental University Institute.
• Coedès, George (1968). Vella, Walter F. (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
• Golzio, Karl-Heinz (2021). "The rise of the Angkorian Empire in reality and in the imagination of the 11th century: How it became the paramount power". Journal of Global Archaeology: 1–38. doi:10.34780/a11-ef6n.
• Higham, Charles (2004). The Civilization of Angkor. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24218-0.
• Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (1998). A History of India. Routledge. ISBN 0-41515-482-0.
• Maspero, Georges (2002). The Champa Kingdom. White Lotus Co., Ltd.
• Prakash, Om; Lombard, Denys (1999). Commerce and Culture in the Bay of Bengal, 1500-1800. Manohar.