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Baoulé (native name: wawle), also known as Baule or Bawule,[citation needed] is a language spoken in central and southern Ivory Coast, including in the regions of Lacs, Lagunes, Gôh-Djiboua, Sassandra-Marahoué, Vallée du Bandama, Woroba, and Yamoussoukro, by approximately 5.3 million people.[1] It is a Kwa language of the Central Tano branch, forming a dialect continuum with Anyin and closely related to Nzema and Sehwi.[2] It is the common language of the Baoulé people, the largest ethnic group in Ivory Coast.[3]
| Baoulé | |
|---|---|
| wawle | |
| Region | Ivory Coast |
| Ethnicity | Baoulé people |
Native speakers | 5.3 million (2021)[1] |
Niger–Congo?
| |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bci |
| Glottolog | baou1238 |
In 1946, portions of the Bible translated into Baoulé were first published; the full New Testament followed in 1953.[citation needed] The complete Bible was published first in 1998, by the Bible Society in Abidjan.
Consonants
Vowels
Of these vowels, five may be nasalized: /ĩ/, /ɛ̃/, /ã/, /ũ/, and /ɔ̃/.[4][5]
Tones
Baoulé has five tones: high, low, mid, rising, and falling.[6]
Baoulé uses the following letters to indicate the following phonemes:[4]
| Uppercase | A | B | C | D | E | Ɛ | F | G | GB | I | J | L | K | KP | M | N | NY | O | Ɔ | P | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowercase | a | b | c | d | e | ɛ | f | g | gb | i | j | l | k | kp | m | n | ny | o | ɔ | p | s | t | u | v | w | y | z |
| Phoneme | /a/ | /b/ | /c/ | /d/ | /e/ | /ɛ/ | /f/ | /g/ | /gb/ | /i/ | /ɟ/ | /l/ | /k/ | /kp/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /o/ | /ɔ/ | /p/ | /s/ | /t/ | /u/ | /v/ | /w/ | /j/ | /z/ |
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