IRR Southern Line

The IRR Southern Line, also known as the Baghdad–Basra Railway Line (Route Number 2), is a railway line between the Iraqi capital of Baghdad and the port city of Basra in Iraq. The line is roughly 550 kilometres (340 mi) long, with intermediate stops including Karbala, Musayyib, Diwaniya, Samawah, Nasiriya and Um Qasr. A proposal was put forward to convert the railway route to high-speed rail and connect the city of Najaf, but the plan was never realised.^[1][2] Next to the commuter train to Falluja, it is one of the two only routes in Iraq that service passengers.

The diesel multi-units used on the service.

IRR Southern Line
Legend
Baghdad to Basra
km approx. time 0 Baghdad International 0:00 IRR Northern and Western Freeway 19 9.1 Baghdad Mansur Freeway 14 11.9 Hamra 17.2 Dora Dora Expressway 31.0 Yusufiya Freeway 1 Grand Canal 41.2 Mahmudiya 46.8 Latifiya 61.4 Iskanderiya/Alexandria 01:00 73.0 Musaiyeb Euphrates 97.6 Karbala 01:40 90.6 Mahawil 109.7 Hilla/Babylon 01:45 Euphrates 134.1 Hashimiya 02:00 148.9 Qojan Euphrates 167.3 Sharifiya 170.9 Seniya Euphrates 185.5 Diwaniya 03:00 203.9 Bani Median 215.0 Hamza 230.9 Rumeitha 237.0 Abu Tubeikh 249.9 Hijama 04:00 267.0 Sawa Euphrates 275.3 Samawa 04:15 299.5 Khafora 313.8 Khuder 328.7 Daraji 05:00 346.4 Batha Freeway 1 364.4 Quziya 381.3 Nasiriya 05:50 Grand Canal 396.3 Khandaq 06:00 408.6 Suq Ash Shuyukh 420.0 Karmashiya Hamar Marsh 433.7 Showeiya 440.0 Howeysa 448.8 Luqeyt 07:00 Grand Canal 461.7 Ghubayshiya 477.3 Jazair 482.0 Sidra 487.5 Artawa 504.7 Rumayla Freeway 31 521.5 Tuba Railway Station 08:00 Shoeyba Junction 536.9 Shoeyba Basra Canal 552.9 Basra Maqal 08:30 Shatt Al Arab To Shalamcheh (under construction) 549 Zubair 566 Khor Az Zubair To Khor Az Zubair Port 585 Um Qasr To Um Qasr Port

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Perspective

Technical specifications

The line was planned to be high-speed, allowing a top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph), but currently operates at an average speed of 65 km/h (40 mph) and a top speed of 125 km/h (78 mph).^{[1][3][4][5][6]}

The Railway has a total trackage of 609 kilometres (378 mi) with 39 stations along the main route, one along the Karbala Branch and 4 along the 56 kilometres (35 mi) Um Qasr Branch. The rails have a UIC 60 profile with welded joints along the main branch designed for high-speed and heavy freight services. The axle load is 25 tons. Along the Um Qasr Branch the joints are coupled.^[6]

Along the line, two heavy maintenance factories have been built, one in Baghdad and the other in Samawa, right in the middle between Baghdad and Basra. There are also two light maintenance workshops, one in Baghdad and the other in Basra.^[6]

The line had a semiautomatic block relay signalling system installed in 1975, as well as sound cables running along the tracks providing communication between the stations and locomotives.^[6]

History

Metre gauge

The first metre-gauge railway connection between the two cities was built during the First World War in the Mesopotamian Campaign. Subsequently, under British administration the ‘Mesopotamian Railways’ (MR), later ‘Iraqi State Railways’ (ISR) and after 1958 until today the ‘Iraqi Republic Railways’ (IRR), operated the rail. Installations built by the military during the war were also included in the construction. The last gap for a through connection between Baghdad and Basra was closed in 1924. This track remained in use until 1968 when it was abandoned in favour of the new standard-gauge line.^[7]

Standard gauge

In the 1960s, the IRR built a standard-gauge track between Baghdad and Basra. It was initially opened on March 10th, 1964, for freight traffic only. Passenger services began on April 25th, 1968 and the metre-gauge railway was closed to traffic shortly thereafter.^[7][8]

During the Gulf War, the railway line was so severely damaged that train services were suspended - presumably shortly after American intervention. After the end of the war, repairs were carried out and trains were running again starting on May 22nd, 1991.^[9]

The unstable political and economic situation in Iraq resulted in the reliability of the service being so poor that timetables did not indicate an arrival time beforehand over the last few decades. A journey time of over a day for the entire route was not unusual.

Samawa Railway Station prior to the Gulf War

High speed train

The construction of a high-speed line was discussed in 2011, but not pursued further. In 2023, it was discussed again. The line was first announced by Thierry Mariani, a French junior transport minister, at the 2011 Paris Air Show on 24 June 2011.^[1] He said that French company Alstom and the Iraqi government had signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) regarding a contract to build the proposed line and that Alstom would conduct exclusive talks with the Iraqi government for a year.^[1][2]

Service and recent progress

There is one train service per day, taking 8–12 hours, in each direction. The Baghdad to Basra train starts at Baghdad Central Station at 8 pm and arrives at Basra Al Maqal Railway Station at 4:30 am.^[10] In reverse, the Basra to Baghdad train starts at 7 pm and arrives in Baghdad at 6:15 am.

There are four categories of tickets on the line. A two-berth sleeper accommodation costs 37,000 IQD (28 USD) and a four-berth sleeper ticket costs 31,000 IQD (24 USD). Second-class seating tickets each cost 10,000 IQD (8 USD) and first-class options cost 15,000 IQD (11 USD).

Tea, kebabs or other snacks can be purchased in the dining car.^[11][10]

In 2014, IRR received the first of an order of 10 new trains from CRRC Qingdao Sifang. The trainsets consist of two diesel-powered locomotives and eight steel-bodied trailers and are specifically built to resist the high temperatures and wind-blown dust of Iraq's desert environment.^[12][13]

Also, there are currently renovation efforts, such as to fully double track the railway, construct new bridges, embankments and culverts and all of the engineering was done in-house by the IRR.^[6]

Trivia

In an incident in 1917, local tribesmen stole a temporary halt for firewood use, which was later humourously picked up by magazines, as the material of the station "was too valuable to be left unattended in the cold Mesopotamian winter evenings". Later, the halt was abandoned.^[14]

Also a common occurrence on the railway is boys throwing stones at the train, often damaging windows in the 'game'.^[15]

References

1. "Iraq: France's Alstom signs high-speed rail line deal". BBC News Online. 24 June 2011. Archived from the original on 27 June 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
2. "Alstom tapped for Iraq HSR talks". Railway Age. 24 June 2011. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
3. "High-speed Baghdad-Basra rail line complete | Embassy of the Republic of Iraq Public Relations Office".
4. Arango, Tim (18 October 2014). "A Train Ride Through Time: From Iraq's Checkered Past into an Uncertain Future". The New York Times.
5. "Focus - Approaching terminus? On board Iraq's last train line". 8 December 2014.
6. Alwan, SR ENGR Safa; Hanoon, SR ENGR Isra (October 2018). "Irak". Proceedings of the 12th Meeting of the COMCEC Transport and Communications Working Group. COMCEC: 34.
7. Robinson, Neil (August 2006). World Rail Atlas. World Rail Atlas Ltd. pp. 25 f. ISBN 978-954-12-0128-2.
8. Robinson, Neil (August 2006). World Rail Atlas. World Rail Atlas Ltd. p. 27. ISBN 978-954-12-0128-2.
9. Robinson, Neil (August 2006). World Rail Atlas. World Rail Atlas Ltd. p. 24. ISBN 978-954-12-0128-2.
10. "Train travel in Iraq | Baghdad to Basra train".
11. "Taking the train in Iraq: Basra to Baghdad". 16 March 2019.
12. Barry, Keith (24 March 2014). "After Decades of War, Iraq Adds Fleet of New Trains to Its Aging Railway". Wired. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
13. "New Iraqi inter-city train rolled out".
14. Coke, Richard (April 1928). "The Railways of Mesopotamia" (PDF). The Railway Magazine. pp. 257(3).
15. "Re-opened Iraqi railway a sign of progress". France24. 10 September 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2024.