member states from 29 September 2018. Austria has initially issued eIDs ("Bürgerkarte") via its national health insurance card (eCard), but has later introduced
May 2018. "Healthcare in Austria". Retrieved 5 May 2018. "E-Card als Bürgerkarte". Digitales Österreich. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved
Moldova MPass Austria started mobile signature by 2003, as a technology of Bürgerkarte (which includes electronic signing with SmartCards). It was provided