Atlantic Coast Line (Cornwall)

This article is about the railway line in Cornwall, UK. For the historical railway in the United States, see Atlantic Coast Line Railroad.

The Atlantic Coast Line is a 20+3⁄4-mile (33 km) Network Rail branch line which includes a community railway service in Cornwall, England. The line runs from the English Channel at Par, to the Atlantic Ocean at Newquay.^[1]

Atlantic Coast Line
The station at St Blazey closed some 90 years ago, but still marks the beginning of the single line section towards Goonbarrow
Overview
Status	Open
Owner	Network Rail
Locale	Cornwall
Termini	Par Newquay
Stations	7
Service
Type	Branch line
System	National Rail
Operator(s)	Great Western Railway DB Cargo UK (freight)
Depot(s)	St Blazey
Rolling stock	Class 43 Class 150 Class 220 Class 221 Class 802
History
Opened	1876 (passengers)
Technical
Line length	20+3⁄4 miles (33 km)
Number of tracks	1
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Loading gauge	RA6 / W6A
Operating speed	50 mph (80 km/h)
Route map (Click to expand)

Route

The Atlantic Coast Line starts from Par station, in the village and port of Par. The station is on the Cornish Main Line, and trains to Newquay use a curve of almost 180 degrees before joining the route of the Cornwall Minerals Railway (CMR), near the former St Blazey station. Parts of the line were originally built by Treffry as a standard-gauge tramway in the later 1840s to serve Newquay Harbour, and opened from Newquay in 1849.

It was upgraded for locomotives in 1874 after it had been acquired by the CMR, which extended the railway across Goss Moor from Bugle to St Dennis to complete the route from St Blazey to Newquay.

Passenger services began between Newquay and Fowey on 20 June 1876. There was no rail connection with the present Par station until 1892 when the broad-gauge main line was 'narrowed' to standard gauge by the Great Western Railway and the connecting curve was built from St Blazey. From St Blazey, the CMR was built along the course of the even earlier Par Canal, originally built to serve the nearby Fowey Consols mine, as far as its terminus at Pontsmill, where the Luxulyan Valley is entered. The thickly wooded terrain and steep granite slopes of this valley surround the fast-flowing River Par, contain a large concentration of early 19th century industrial remains and have been designated a World Heritage Site.^[2]

Shortly before reaching Luxulyan station, the line passes under the Treffry Viaduct, an historic railway viaduct and aqueduct that was built in 1844. This both supplied water to the Fowey Consoles mine, and also carried the original line of the Treffry Tramways, a precursor to the CMR.^[2]

After Luxulyan, the line passes close to several former and current china clay works, before passing through Bugle and Roche stations.^[3]

Between Roche and St Columb Road stations, the line passes through Goss Moor nature reserve, where a low bridge carrying the railway over the A30 road had been the site of accidents when vehicles collided with it. There was a 1986 proposal to abolish the bridge by diverting the line so that trains would have started from St Austell railway station and continued via Burngullow and the old Newquay and Cornwall Junction Railway freight-only line, joining the current route between Roche and St Columb Road at St Dennis Junction. This proposal was later abandoned after a new route for the road was found that avoids the bridge.^[4][5]

After St Columb Road, the line passes through the last intermediate station at Quintrell Downs before reaching the terminus at Newquay.^[6]

Mid Cornwall Metro

Tregoss Moor will be the site of a new passing place for Newquay trains on the Mid Cornwall Metro

Government funding of nearly £50,000,000 was announced in January 2023 to create the Mid Cornwall Metro, which will include the Newquay branch. A second platform at Newquay and an additional passing loop on Goss Moor will allow hourly services between Newquay, St Austell, Truro, Penryn, Falmouth Town and Falmouth Docks. The scheme is calculated to cost £56,800,000, including local contributions, and will also pay for other improvements to Newquay station, such as a larger concourse, ticket machines, platform canopies and a bus interchange. There will also be new signalling at Goonbarrow, Tregoss Moor and Newquay, along with minor changes on the Maritime Line.^[7]

Passenger volume

The busiest station on the line is Newquay, where about seven times more passengers arrive and depart than the other stations added together.

Station usage
Station name	2002–03	2004–05	2005–06	2006–07	2007–08	2008–09	2009–10	2010–11	2011–12	2012–13	2013–14	2014–15	2015–16	2016–17	2017–18	2018–19	2019–20	2020–21	2021–22	2022–23
Luxulyan	1,005	791	1,160	1,252	922	1,214	1,372	1,420	1,836	1,428	1,654	2,170	1,904	2,404	2,394	1,770	1,470	744	1,696	2,522
Bugle	836	1,362	1,661	1,691	1,557	2,606	3,694	3,650	5,902	6,762	6,810	5,554	4,342	4,462	4,766	5,616	4,794	2,412	6,390	6,620
Roche	574	1,137	1,222	1,041	1,123	1,242	1,570	2,144	2,720	1,700	1,950	2,310	2,556	4,176	4,674	5,090	3,612	1,564	5,012	4,908
St Columb Road	813	733	1,031	1,390	783	1,222	1,590	1,966	1,792	1,548	2,188	1,904	1,684	1,878	1,858	1,936	1,840	1,200	2,662	2,794
Quintrell Downs	879	918	928	794	334	578	974	1,270	1,304	814	1,286	1,394	1,582	2,342	2,460	2,684	2,412	1,088	2,804	3,038
Newquay	76,103	83,712	71,301	77,188	87,550	126,244	102,232	100,252	115,354	104,504	97,278	100,208	95,478	102,990	108,308	103,172	97,136	34,158	108,954	129,848
The annual passenger usage is based on sales of tickets in stated financial years from Office of Rail and Road estimates of station usage. The statistics are for passengers arriving and departing from each station and cover twelve-month periods that start in April. Methodology may vary year on year. Usage from the periods 2019-20 and especially 2020-21 onwards have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic

The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.

Community rail

v t e Atlantic Coast Line
Legend
Newquay Harbour Newquay 302 mi 49 ch 487.01 km Trenance Viaduct ( 154 yd 141 m ) Tolcarn Junction Truro and Newquay Railway 301 mi 56 ch 485.54 km Trencreek LC Chapel LC Quintrell Downs 300 mi 16 ch 483.13 km Quintrell Downs LC Coswarth Tunnel ( 44 yd 40 m ) Coswarth LC Halloon LC St Columb Road 296 mi 11 ch 476.59 km Toldish Tunnel St Dennis Junction 294 mi 21 ch 473.57 km Branch to Burngullow Tregoss Moor LC Roche 290 mi 40 ch 467.51 km Carbis Wharf Branch Wheal Rose Branch Bugle 288 mi 03 ch 463.55 km Monlinnis LC Carbean Branch Goonbarrow Junction 287 mi 40 ch 462.69 km Rocks Siding (private) Luxulyan 285 mi 78 ch 460.23 km Luxulyan Tunnel ( 52 yd 48 m ) Treffry Viaduct 285 mi 38 ch 459.43 km Rockmill Viaduct ( 52 yd 48 m ) Carmears Incline Pontsmill Viaduct ( 92 yd 84 m ) Rockmill Branch Pontsmill Siding Prideaux Viaduct ( 52 yd 48 m ) St Blazey Bridge LC Middleway LC St Blazey 282 mi 19 ch 454.22 km to engine shed & Par Harbour Par 281 mi 66 ch 453.55 km Cornish Main Line to Penzance & Plymouth Mileages from Paddington via Bristol and Taunton

The Atlantic Coast Line is one of the routes covered by the Devon and Cornwall Rail Partnership, an organisation formed in 1991 to promote railway services in the area. The line is publicised in several ways, including regular timetable and scenic line guides as well as leaflets highlighting attractions on the route.

The Atlantic Coast Line rail ale trail was launched in 2005 to encourage rail travellers to visit pubs near the line. There are three in Newquay, one at St Columb Road, five in and around Par, and two at Quintrell Downs, one each at Roche, Bugle and Luxulyan. With 10 stamps, people can claim a free tour shirt.

The local passenger service on the line was designated by the Department for Transport as a community rail service in September 2006. This aims to increase the number of passengers and reduce costs and includes the investigation of how to get a better spread of train times during the day, and how to increase train services in the peak summer season. The line itself is not a community railway (unlike the other Cornish branches) because it also carries intercity trains during the summer and freight trains throughout the year.^[8]

Focal, a local "friends of the line" group helped to achieve a 75% increase in Par to Newquay passenger services through negotiation and cooperation with the Devon & Cornwall Rail Partnership and Great Western Railway.^[9]

Operation

The line is single from St Blazey to Newquay, apart from one passing loop at Goonbarrow Junction, just south of Bugle. It is used by china clay traffic and also passenger trains in the summer, when there is more than one passenger train on the branch. The loop uses semaphore signals.^[10]

Passenger services

A Class 802 on the Atlantic Coast Line operating the weekday service to London

Most passenger services are operated by Great Western Railway, including all local stopping services which are all operated by Class 150 units. In the summer on Saturdays, local services are replaced by express services to and from London Paddington with operation of Class 802 units. Until 2020, CrossCountry operated on the line on summer weekends, with trains to and from Northern England. All express services do not call at intermediate stations on the branch line, instead running non-stop between Par and Newquay.

In 2007, a daily through service between London and Newquay began running on weekdays in July and August in addition to the two services on summer Saturdays and one service on summer Sundays. This service was also named the Atlantic Coast Express, along with the existing weekend trains to London, which had gained this name in 1987 when InterCity 125 High Speed Trains started serving Newquay.^[1]

Freight services

The eastern section of the line - as far as Goonbarrow Junction - sees a large amount of china clay freight traffic operated by DB Cargo UK with a depot operated at St Blazey.^[11]

A freight spur connects the line at St Blazey with Par Harbour, passing under the main line from Par to St Austell to reach the harbour. Although originally built as part of the Cornwall Minerals Railway to convey mineral traffic to the harbour, today it is principally used to convey dried china clay from the clay dries at the harbour.^[3][12]

Accidents

On 25 May 1991 the first train of the day from Newquay to London Paddington derailed in the Luxulyan Valley. The train was formed of a High Speed Train. The passengers were transferred to the rear power car which was then uncoupled and run slowly back to Luxulyan railway station where the passengers were transferred to road vehicles to continue their journey.^[13][14]

On 9 March 2005, the 18th wagon of a Goonbarrow to Fowey Docks china clay freight train derailed at the lower end of the valley on Prideaux Viaduct, with the next 14 wagons also derailing. The driver had felt the judder and applied the brakes but the train continued on for a further 115 meters before stopping causing extensive track damage beyond the viaduct, leaving some of the wagons hanging precariously over the edge of the embankment and in danger of sliding into the river. All the wagons stayed coupled together.^[15]

On 30 December 2006 heavy rainfall caused a landslide on an embankment near St Blazey, blocking the line. A replacement bus service was run to cover for the passenger service, until the line reopened on 8 January 2007.^[16]

On 12 June 2007 a train collided with a car at Chapel level crossing, on the outskirts of Newquay. The crossing is an Automatic Open Level Crossing, where warning lights and a siren give warning of the approach of trains but no barrier is provided. The siren and lights were found to be working. The car driver was injured, but no-one on the train was hurt.^[17]

References

1. "Par to Newquay (The Atlantic Coast line)" (PDF). Great Western Railway. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
2. "Luxulyan Valley". Cornwall & Scilly Historic Environment Service. 2006. Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
3. Ordnance Survey (2005). OS Explorer Map 107 - St Austell & Liskeard: Fowey, Looe & Lostwithiel. ISBN 978-0-319-23708-3.
4. "A30 Goss Moor Briefing". Cornwall Friends of the Earth. Archived from the original on 25 May 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
5. "Moor dualling plans get go-ahead". BBC. 29 November 2004. Archived from the original on 16 May 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
6. Ordnance Survey (2005). OS Explorer Map 106 - Newquay & Padstow. . ISBN 0-319-23707-9.
7. "£50m of rail improvements in Cornwall approved". Railnews. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
8. Department for Transport, Rail Group (2006), Route prospectus for the … The Atlantic Coast Line
9. "Local". Celebrating Success. Local. 2008. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
10. Vaughan, John (1991). The Newquay Branch and its Branches. Sparkford: Haynes/Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-86093-470-5.
11. "Depot Information - Wales and Western". thejunction.org.uk. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
12. "Transport Background Technical Report - South West Regional Spatial Strategy" (PDF). South West Regional Assembly. September 2006. p. 20. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
13. Surl, Malcolm (2007). "Solo HST power car". Modern Railways. 64 (705). Ian Allan Ltd: 32.
14. "Derailment of a High Speed Train in the Valley". LoxSoft. 26 April 2007. Archived from the original on 3 September 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
15. "Railway Archive". RailwayArchive.co.uk. 19 November 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
16. "Landslide closes rail branchline". BBC. 3 January 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
17. "Driver injured in train collision". BBC. 12 June 2007. Archived from the original on 16 June 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2007.

External links

• Cornwall portal

• Great Scenic Railways in Devon and Cornwall.
• The Focal group - working for improved passenger services on the Atlantic Coast Line Archived 6 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine