Antônio de Castro Mayer

Antônio de Castro Mayer (20 June 1904 – 25 April 1991) was a Brazilian Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Campos from 1949 to 1981. A traditionalist Catholic and ally of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, he incurred automatic excommunication for participating in the 1988 illicit consecration of four bishops of the Society of St. Pius X.

His Excellency, The Most Reverend Antônio de Castro Mayer
Bishop of Campos
Dom Antônio de Castro Mayer, in 1980.
Diocese	Campos
Term ended	29 August 1981
Predecessor	Octaviano Pereira de Albuquerque
Successor	Carlos Alberto Etchandy Gimeno Navarro
Previous post(s)	Coadjutor Bishop of Campos and Titular Bishop of Priene
Orders
Ordination	30 October 1927 by Basilio Pompili
Consecration	23 May 1948 by Carlo Chiarlo
Personal details
Born	20 June 1904 (1904-06-20) Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Died	25 April 1991 (1991-04-26) (aged 86) Campos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Denomination	Roman Catholic
Coat of arms

Styles of Antônio de Castro Mayer
Reference style	His Excellency The Most Reverend
Spoken style	Your Excellency
Religious style	Bishop

Ordination history of Antônio de Castro Mayer
History Priestly ordination Ordained by Basilio Cardinal Pompili Date 30 October 1927 Episcopal consecration Consecrated by Carlo Cardinal Chiarlo Date 23 May 1948

Early life

Antônio as a seminarian in Rome.

Antônio de Castro Mayer was born in Campinas, São Paulo, to João Mayer, a Bavarian stonemason,^[1] and his wife, Francisca de Castro, a Brazilian peasant. One of twelve children, Antônio helped his mother support their family after João died in 1910. At age 12, he entered São Paulo's minor seminary, then run by the Premonstratensian Fathers. He entered the major seminary in 1922 and then studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, obtaining his doctorate in theology in 1928. He was ordained to the priesthood by Cardinal Basilio Pompili on 30 October 1927. He taught philosophy, history of philosophy, and dogmatic theology at the seminary in São Paulo for the next 13 years.

He became Assistant General of the São Paulo's Catholic Action in 1940 and a canon of the cathedral chapter with the title of First Treasurer in 1941. He became vicar general of the archdiocese in 1942. He was made a parish priest and the prefect of studies at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo in 1945, while retaining the chairs of Religion and Catholic Social Doctrine at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo.^[2]

Bishop

On 6 March 1948, de Castro was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Campos and titular bishop of Priene by Pope Pius XII.^[3] He received his episcopal consecration on 23 May from Archbishop Carlo Chiarlo, Apostolic Nuncio to Brazil, with Bishop Ernesto de Paula and Archbishop Geraldo de Proença Sigaud, S.V.D., as co-consecrators. He became bishop of Campos upon the death of Bishop Octaviano de Albuquerque on 3 January 1949.^[4] He was very active in opposing liberation theology and communist infiltration of the Church and of his diocese.

In 1956, de Castro opened the Minor Seminary of the Diocese in the village, now the city, of São Sebastião de Varre-Sai. In 1967, Dom Antônio obtained permission to operate the Major Seminary, with Philosophy and Theology courses (later transferred to Campos).^[5]

Mayer's coat of arms on a wooden door of the Church of "Our Lady of Aparecida and St. Fidelis"

In 1968, the Catholic conservative group Tradition, Family and Property organized a campaign to collect signatures denouncing what were perceived as leftists in the Church. De Castro Mayer lent encouragement to the campaign. The Episcopal Conference of Brazil later declared that TFP was neither recognized by the hierarchy nor considered an official Catholic organization.^[6]

De Castro, a staunch traditionalist, refused to implement the liturgical reforms of the Second Vatican Council in his diocese. Until his resignation on 29 August 1981, the Tridentine Mass continued to be celebrated throughout the Campos diocese, along with all the other traditional Catholic practices and devotions in Latin.

Having submitted his resignation as required upon turning 75, he was replaced as bishop with the appointment of Carlos Alberto Etchandy Gimeno Navarro [pt] to succeed him on 29 August 1981.^[7] He continued his campaign against the Council's liturgical reforms in retirement and maintained a traditionalist "diocese" within the Campos diocese, with around 40,000 faithful, which he organized in parallel chapels. The total Catholic population of the diocese was 890,000.^[a]

With Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, on 30 June 1988 de Castro co-consecrated four bishops without papal authorization and incurred automatic excommunication.^[8] He died of respiratory failure in Campos on 25 April 1991.^[9]

Notes

1. This organisation was called the Priestly Society of Saint John Mary Vianney. Under the leadership of his successor, Bishop Licínio Rangel, this organization was reconstituted in January 2002 by Pope John Paul II as the Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney, with the same territory as the Diocese of Campos.