Meryibre Khety

Meryibre Khety, also known by his Horus name Meryibtawy, was a pharaoh of the 9th or 10th Dynasty of Egypt, during the First Intermediate Period.

Meryibre Khety
Meriibre, Meribre and Kheti, Akhtoy, Achthoes; Merybtawy, Meribtawy
Copper container with Meryibre Khety's royal titulary. Paris, Louvre.
Pharaoh
Reign	c. 2160 BCE – ?
Predecessor	a pharaoh of the Eighth Dynasty
Successor	Neferkare VII (not directly)
Royal titulary Horus name Meryibtawy mr.j-j-jb-t3.wj Loved by the heart of the Two Lands Nebty name Meryibtawy mr.j-j-jb-t3.wj Loved by the heart of the Two Lands Golden Horus Mery..? mr.j..? ? Prenomen  (Praenomen) Meryibre mr.j-j-jb-rˁ Loved by the heart of Ra Nomen Khety ẖtj(j)
Dynasty	9th Dynasty (mainstream); 10th Dynasty (Von Beckerath)

Reign

Drawing of an ebony wand bearing the titulary of Meryibre Khety.

Some scholars^[1][2][3][4] believe that Meryibre Khety was the founder of the 9th Dynasty, a Herakleopolitan nomarch who gathered enough authority to claim himself the legitimate successor of the 6th Dynasty pharaohs. It seems that Meryibre ruled over his neighboring nomarchs with an iron fist, and it is likely for this reason that in later times this ruler became Manetho's infamous Achthoes,^[3] a wicked king who went insane and then was killed by a crocodile.

Alternatively, other Egyptologists such as Jürgen von Beckerath^[5] believe instead that Meryibre reigned toward the end of the subsequent 10th Dynasty, shortly before king Merikare.

Because of the contrasting opinions of scholars, Meryibre's reign is difficult to account and date with reliability; if he really was the founder of the 9th Dynasty, his reign should have conventionally begun in c. 2160 BCE,^[6] while in the second case his reign should have started about a century later.

Attestations

This ruler is known only for few objects.

A sort of copper brazier or basket from a tomb near Abydos (found along with a scribe's palette bearing the name of king Merikare) and now exhibited at the Louvre Museum, an ebony wand from Meir now at the Cairo Museum (JE 42835), an ivory casket fragment from Lisht and some other minor finds.^[2][3] Thanks to those few monuments, however, Meryibre's royal titulary is the most complete amongst the known pharaohs of this period.

Non-contemporary attestations

The Turin King List is very scattered at this point and his name is not preserved in the list of Herkolepolitan rulers of the 9th and 10th dynasties.

References

1. Flinders Petrie, A History of Egypt from the Earliest Times to the XVIth Dynasty (1897), pp. 114–15.
2. Alan Gardiner, Egypt of the Pharaohs. An introduction, Oxford University Press, 1961, p. 112.
3. William C. Hayes, in The Cambridge Ancient History, vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-07791-5, p. 464.
4. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford, Blackwell Books, 1992, p. 140.
5. Jürgen von Beckerath, Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, 2nd edition, Mainz, 1999, p. 74.
6. William C. Hayes, op. cit., p. 996.

External links

• Meryibre Khety's page on Eglyphica.net.