Jamaica Defence Force

The Jamaica Defence Force (JDF) is the combined military of Jamaica, consisting of an infantry Regiment and Reserve Corps, an Air Wing, a Coast Guard fleet and a supporting Engineering Unit.^[2] The JDF is based upon the British military model, with similar organisation, training, weapons and traditions. Once chosen, officer candidates are sent to one of several British or Canadian basic officer courses depending upon the arm of service. Enlisted soldiers are given basic training at JDF Training Depot Newcastle. As in the British model, NCOs are given several levels of professional training as they rise up the ranks. Additional military schools are available for speciality training in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Jamaica Defence Force
Jamaica Defence Force badge
Founded	31 July 1962; 62 years ago (1962-07-31)
Service branches	The Jamaica Regiment Maritime, Air and Cyber Command Support Brigade Caribbean Military Academy Jamaica National Reserve
Headquarters	Up Park Camp, Kingston, Jamaica
Website	jdfweb.com
Leadership
Commander-in-chief	King Charles III
Prime Minister	Andrew Holness
Minister of National Security	Horace Chang
Chief of Defence Staff	Vice Admiral Antonette Wemyss Gorman
Personnel
Military age	16 years of age for selection process, 17 years of age is actual serving age (as of 2007)
Available for military service	747,043, age 16–49 (2005 est.)
Fit for military service	523,550, age 16–49 (2005 est.)
Reaching military age annually	27,729 (2005 est.)
Active personnel	5,950[1]
Reserve personnel	2,580[1]
Expenditure
Budget	$238 million[1]
Related articles
Ranks	Military ranks of Jamaica

History

West Indian soldiers, c. 1861

The JDF is directly descended from the West India Regiments formed during the period of British rule. The regiments were used extensively by the British to garrison the Colony of Jamaica and possessions in the West Indies. Other units in the JDF heritage tree include the early colonial Jamaica Militia, the Kingston Infantry Volunteers of WWI and reorganised into the Jamaican Infantry Volunteers in WWII. The West India Regiments were reformed in 1958 as part of the West Indies Federation. The dissolution of the Federation resulted in the establishment of the JDF.

The Jamaica Defence Force (JDF) comprises an infantry Regiment and Reserve Corps, an Air Wing, a Coast Guard fleet and a supporting Engineering Unit. The infantry regiment contains the 1st, 2nd and 3rd (National Reserve) battalions. The JDF Air Wing is divided into three flight units, a training unit, a support unit and the JDF Air Wing (National Reserve). The Coast Guard element is divided between seagoing crews and support crews. It conducts maritime safety and maritime law enforcement as well as defence-related operations. The support battalion contains a Military Police platoon as well as vehicle, armourers and supply units. The 1st Engineer Regiment provides military engineering support to the JDF. The Headquarters JDF contains the JDF commander, command staff as well as intelligence, judge advocate office, administrative and procurement sections.

On 5 January 1978, the JDF carried out a covert operation that came to be known as the Green Bay Massacre, in which five Jamaica Labour Party (JLF) supporters were shot dead after being lured to a military shooting range. A specially selected team of snipers led by Major Ian Robinson laid an ambush outside the range while members of the JDF's Military Intelligence Unit (MIU) drove a group of JLF supporters towards them in an army ambulance. After the supporters exited the ambulance, an MIU soldier killed one member while the sniper team opened fire on the rest. Four supporters were killed and the remainder fled into nearby bushes.^[3]

In recent years the JDF has been called upon to assist the nation's police, the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF), in fighting drug smuggling and a rising crime rate which includes one of the highest murder rates in the world.^{[citation needed]} JDF units actively conduct armed patrols with the JCF in high-crime areas and known gang neighbourhoods. There has been vocal controversy as well as support of this JDF role. In early 2005, an opposition leader, Edward Seaga, called for the merger of the JDF and JCF. This move did not garner support in either organisation nor among the majority of citizens.

Major units of the Jamaica Defence Force

• Headquarters, Jamaica Defence Force (HQ JDF) - divided into the Operations Branch and Adjutant Quartermaster's Branch, this is the main command of the entire JDF.
• The Jamaica Regiment - The Jamaica Regiment is the operationalization of a terrestrial and combat focused Regular Force formation with an overarching operational headquarters in command of five battalions; the First, Second, Fourth and Fifth Battalions the Jamaica Regiment (1, 2, 4, 5 JR) and the Combat Support Battalion (Cbt Sp Bn).
• The Support Brigade (Sp Bde) - Regular Force formation that provides both combat support and service support functions with an overarching operational headquarters for five units:

  

  A Jamaica Defence Force soldier (left) with a Sergeant of the Royal Bermuda Regiment in the Blue Mountains in 1996

  • Support and Services Battalion
  • 1 Engineer Regiment (JDF)
  • Health Services Corps
  • Corps of Military Police
• The Maritime, Air and Cyber Command (MACC) - The Maritime, Air and Cyber Command (MACC) is a multi-domain focused Regular Force formation with an operational headquarters in command of six units; the First and Second Districts Jamaica Defence Force Coast Guard (1st and 2nd Dist JDF CG), the Jamaica Defence Force Air Wing (JDF AW), the Military Intelligence Unit (MIU), the Special Activities Regiment (SPEAR) and the Military Cyber Corps (MCC). ^[4]
• Caribbean Military Academy (CMA) - The Caribbean Military Academy (CMA) was established on 1 May 2019 to function as a Military University, becoming the first of its kind in the Caribbean.
• The Jamaica National Reserve (JNR) - The Jamaica National Reserve (JNR) is a multi-domain focused Reserve Force formation that has been expanded to include a headquarters element in command of four units; the Third, Sixth and Ninth Battalions the Jamaica Regiment (3, 6 and 9 JR (NR)) in addition to the Support Battalion (National Reserve) (Sp Bn (NR).

Bands

The JDF also supports two military bands:

• Jamaica Military Band - this is the band that is descended from the band of the West India Regiment, and was formed in February 1927. It is one of only two units in the world (the other being the Band of the Barbados Regiment) that wears the uniform of the zouaves.^[5][6]
• Jamaica Regiment Band - this band was originally formed as the Band of the West India Regiment formed in 1959 as the military force of the West Indies Federation. With the Federation's break up and the independence of Jamaica, it became the Band of the 1st Battalion, Jamaica Regiment. It gained its current name with the formation of the 2nd Battalion in 1979.^[7]

Army equipment

M16 rifle

FN MAG machine gun

Name[8][9]	Origin	Type	In service	Notes
Small arms
GP35	United States	Pistol
Glock	Austria	Pistol	17
M16 rifle	United States	Assault rifle	M4
SA80	United Kingdom	Assault rifle
FN MAG	Belgium	Machine gun	L7A1
M2 machine gun	United States	Heavy machine gun
Springfield M79	United States	Grenade launcher
Artillery
L16 81mm Mortar	United Kingdom	Mortar
2-inch mortar	United Kingdom	Mortar
Transport
Land Rover	United Kingdom	Patrol vehicle
Toyota Land Cruiser	Japan	Utility vehicle
Toyota Hiace	Japan	Minibus
Toyota Coaster	Japan	Minibus
Ford L Truck	United States	Heavy-duty truck	LN7000/8000
Toyota Dyna	Japan	Van
Armoured vehicles
Bushmaster Protected Mobility Vehicle[10]	Australia	Infantry mobility vehicle		18[10]
Cadillac Gage Commando	United States	Armoured personnel carrier		Retired[11]
Staff cars
Volvo S90	Sweden	Executive car		1 for use by the Chief of Staff
Toyota Crown	Japan	Executive car		Used by senior staff and commanding officers
Toyota Corona	Japan	Executive car		Used by senior officers
Toyota Hilux	Japan	Pickup truck		Used for administrative purposes
Toyota Camry	Japan	Executive car		Used for senior officers
Toyota Land Cruiser Prado	Japan	Utility vehicle		For administrative purposes

JDF Air Wing

A Super King Air similar to this one is used by the JDF

Roundel of Jamaica Defence Force Air Wing

Current inventory

Aircraft	Origin	Type	Variant	In service	Notes
Maritime Patrol
Super King Air	United States	maritime patrol	350	1[12]
Helicopter
Bell 412	United States	utility / SAR			1 on order[12]
Bell 429	United States	utility / SAR		8[12]	1 on order[12]
Trainer Aircraft
Bell 505	United States	trainer / utitity[13]		6[12]
Diamond DA40	Canada	trainer	DA40 CS	4[14]
Diamond DA42	Canada	multi-engine trainer	DA42 NG	2[12]

Retired

Previous aircraft operated by the JDF Air Wing consisted of the Aero Commander 500 family, BN-2 Islander, Beechcraft Duke, Beechcraft King Air, Cessna Skymaster, Cessna 185 Skywagon, Cessna 210, DHC-6 Twin Otter, Eurocopter AS355 Écureuil 2, Bell UH-1 Iroquois, Bell 47G, Bell 212, Bell 204/205, and the Bell 222UT helicopter.^[15][16][17]

Incidents

On July 1, 2009, a Jamaica Defence Force Air Wing Bell 412EP helicopter was on its way back to Up Park Camp from a training mission when it began experiencing mechanical issues. The helicopter crashed into the ground at Up Park Camp, injuring the captain, his co-pilot and a crew member.^[18]

JDF Coast Guard

Jamaican naval ensign

A year after the JDF was formed in 1962, a naval arm, the Jamaica Sea Squadron was added. The squadron's initial vessels were three 63 ft wooden World War II torpedo recovery boats provided by the United States. They were commissioned “Her Majesty's Jamaican Ship” HMJS Yoruba (P1), HMJS Coromante (P2) and HMJS Mandingo (P3). A training team from the Royal Navy assisted with the unit's early development. In 1966 they changed names from the Jamaica Sea Squadron to the Jamaica Defence Force Coast Guard.^[19]

As of 2016, the Jamaica Defence Force Coast Guard was staffed by 241 individuals.^[2]

Equipment

Jamaican Coast Guard patrol vessels

Vessel	Origin	Type	In service	Notes
HMJS Norman Manley	Netherlands	Patrol Vessel	1[20]	Honour-class
HMJS Nanny of the Maroons	Netherlands	Fast Crew Supplier	1[21]	Honour-class
HMJS Cornwall	Netherlands	Patrol Vessel	1[22]	County-class
HMJS Middlesex	Netherlands	Patrol Vessel	1[22]	County-class
HMJS Fort Charles	United States	Patrol Boat	1	Fort-class
HMJS Paul Bogle	United States	Patrol Boat	1	Hero-class
Boston Whaler	United States	Interceptor	2[23]	37 foot Justice model

Ranks of the JDF

Main article: Military ranks of Jamaica

Commissioned officers

The rank insignia for commissioned officers for the army and Coast Guard respectively.

Rank group	General / flag officers										Senior officers						Junior officers
Jamaican Army[24] v t e
					Lieutenant general		Major general		Brigadier		Colonel		Lieutenant colonel		Major		Captain		Lieutenant			Second lieutenant
Jamaican Coast Guard[24] v t e
					Vice admiral		Rear admiral		Commodore		Captain		Commander		Lieutenant commander		Lieutenant		Lieutenant (junior grade)			Sub-lieutenant
Jamaican Air Wing v t e
													Lieutenant colonel		Major		Captain		First lieutenant			Second lieutenant
Rank group	General / flag officers										Senior officers						Junior officers

Enlisted

The rank insignia for enlisted personnel for the army and Coast Guard respectively.

Rank group	Senior NCOs																						Junior NCOs						Enlisted
Jamaican Army[24] v t e																													No insignia
	Warrant officer class 1						Warrant officer class 2		Staff sergeant		Sergeant												Corporal				Lance corporal		Private (or equivalent)
Jamaican Coast Guard[24] v t e																																			No insignia
	Master chief petty officer 1						Master chief petty officer		Chief petty officer		Petty officer												Leading seaman						Able seaman						Ordinary seaman
Jamaican Air Wing v t e																													No insignia
	Warrant officer class 1						Warrant officer class 2		Staff sergeant		Sergeant												Corporal				Lance corporal		Private (or equivalent)
Rank group	Senior NCOs																						Junior NCOs						Enlisted

See also

• Green Bay Massacre

References

Citations

1. International Institute for Strategic Studies (25 February 2021). The Military Balance 2021. London: Routledge. p. 418. ISBN 9781032012278.
2. Sanjay Badri-Maharaj (2016-12-11). "Jamaica Defence Force: Balancing Priorities With Resources – Analysis". Eurasia Review. Archived from the original on 2016-12-12. Retrieved 2016-12-11. The Jamaica Defence Force is a brigade-sized unit comprising land, sea and air formations and is possibly the largest military establishment within the English-speaking Caribbean.
3. Gunst, Laurie (2003). Born Fi' Dead: A Journey Through the Yardie Underworld. Canongate Books. ISBN 978-1-8419-5386-1.
4. Dewaegeneer, Matthew (4/7/2024). "Special Operations Forces (SOF) SMEE: U.S. and Canadian Special Forces Forge Partnerships in Jamaica" Defense Visual Information Distribution Service, US Department of Defense, https://www.dvidshub.net/news/468000/special-operations-forces-sof-smee-us-and-canadian-special-forces-forge-partnerships-jamaica
5. "Jamaica Military Band". Jamaica Defence Force. Archived from the original on 2016-04-04.
6. "Jamaica Defense Force Band Archives". Archived from the original on 2018-08-13. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
7. "Jamaica Regiment Band (TU)". Jamaica Defence Force. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08.
8. "Jamaica". Armies of the World. Archived from the original on 2016-12-26. The military budget is 48 million dollars (2001).
9. "Equipment". Jamaica Defence Force. Archived from the original on 2016-06-30.
10. "PM Commissions JDF's Protected Mobility Vehicles Squadron". 2016-01-14. Archived from the original on 2018-01-17. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
11. "JDF to Acquire New Fleet of Armoured Vehicles". 2013-12-03. Archived from the original on 2018-01-11. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
12. Hoyle, Craig (2023). "World Air Forces 2024". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
13. "Bell 505 delivery to Jamaica Defence Force".
14. "Ministry of National Security invests over US$90 million in border security | the Ministry of National Security".
15. "World Air Forces 1975 pg. 303". flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
16. "World Air Forces 1987 pg. 66". flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
17. "Aerospatiale AS 355 | Jamaican Defence Force".
18. "3 JDF soldiers injured in helicopter crash". The Jamaica Observer. 2 July 2009. Archived from the original on 5 July 2009.
19. "MOTTO:Service for the Lives of Others". Jamaica Defense Fund. Archived from the original on 2017-01-18. Retrieved 2017-02-20. The Sea Squadron was renamed the Jamaica Defence Force Coast Guard (JDF CG) in 1966 and the naval White Ensign, naval rank insignia and Royal Navy - patterned uniforms were adopted.
20. "The Jamaica Defence Force commissioned His Majesty's Jamaican Ship (HMJS) NORMAN MANLEY | JDF". 29 November 2023.
21. "JDF welcomes 'HMJS Nanny of the Maroons' to maritime fleet | Buzz". 27 June 2020.
22. "Jamaica Defence Force returns to Damen for fleet renewal Share this page". Damen Group. 2016-11-17. Archived from the original on 2017-02-18. Retrieved 2017-02-20.
23. "JDF Coast Guard gets two new vessels from United States". The Jamaica Observer. 27 August 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
24. "BADGES OF RANK". Official Jamaica Defence Force Website. 2019. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2019.

Bibliography

• "JDF Senior Officers Biography". Jamaica Defence Force.
• "JDF Ships". Jamaica Defence Force.
• "JDF Aircraft". Jamaica Defence Force. Archived from the original on 2013-05-11. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
• "History of the JDF". Jamaica Defence Force. Archived from the original on 2012-07-01. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
• "Change of Guard - Jamaica Defence Force (JDF) Chief of Staff, Commish walk". Jamaica Gleaner. 10 October 2007. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011.
• "Chronological List of Jamaica Army chiefs". Land Forces of Britain, The Empire and Commonwealth. Archived from the original on 15 September 2006.
• "Latin American Light Weapons National Inventories". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016.

External links

• Jamaica Defence Force