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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An acetyltransferase (also referred to as a transacetylase) is a type of transferase enzyme that transfers an acetyl group, through a process called acetylation. In biological organisms, post-translational modification of a protein via acetylation can profoundly transform its functionality by altering various properties like hydrophobicity, solubility, and surface attributes.[1] These alterations have the potential to influence the protein's conformation and its interactions with substrates, cofactors, and other macromolecules.[1]
Acetyltransferases | Substrate | Gene | Chromosome Location | Gene Group | Abbreviation |
Histone Acetyltransferase | Lysine residues on histones[1] | HAT1[2] | 2q31.1[2] | Lysine acetyltransferases[2] | HAT |
Choline Acetyltransferase | Choline[3] | CHAT[4] | 10q11.23[4] | NA | ChAT[3] |
Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase | Serotonin | AANAT[5] | 17q25.1[5] | GCN5 Related N-Acetyltransferases[5] | AANAT[5] |
NatA Acetyltransferase | N-terminus of various proteins as they emerge from the ribosome | NAA15[6] | 4q31.1[6] | Armadillo like helical domain containing
N-alpha-acetyltransferase subunits[6] |
NatA[6] |
NatB Acetyltransferase | Peptides starting with Met-Asp/Glu/Asn/Gln[7] | NAA25[8] | 12q24.13[8] | N-alpha-acetyltransferase subunits
MicroRNA protein coding host genes[8] |
NatB[8] |
Additional examples of acetyltransferases found in nature include:
The predicted three-dimensional structures of histone, choline, and serotonin acetyltransferases are shown below.[citation needed] As with all enzymes, the structure of acetyltransferases are essential for interactions between them and their substrates; alterations to the structures of these enzymes could result in a loss of enzymatic activity.
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