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German tank gun and anti-tank gun From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 7.5 cm KwK 40 (7.5 cm Kampfwagenkanone[a] 40) was a German 75 mm Second World War era vehicle-mounted gun, used as the primary armament of the German Panzer IV (F2 model onwards) medium tank and the Sturmgeschütz III (F model onwards) and Sturmgeschütz IV assault guns which were used as tank destroyers.
| 7,5 cm KwK 40 (L/48) | |
|---|---|
 7.5 cm KwK 40 L/48 on a Panzer IV Ausf. H | |
| Type | Tank gun |
| Place of origin | Nazi Germany |
| Service history | |
| Used by | Nazi Germany |
| Wars | World War II |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Rheinmetall-Borsig AG |
| Manufacturer | Rheinmetall-Borsig AG |
| Unit cost | 13500 RM |
| Produced | 1942-45 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 750 kg (1,650 lb) |
| Barrel length | 361.5 cm (11 ft 10.3 in) bore (48 calibers) |
| Shell | Fixed QF 75×495mm R |
| Caliber | 75 mm (2.95 in) |
| Elevation | -10° to +20° |
| Rate of fire | 10–15 round per minute |
| Muzzle velocity | 750 m/s (2,500 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 7,700 m (8,400 yd) |
The design of the KwK 40 was adapted from the similar towed anti-tank gun, the 7.5 cm Pak 40. It replaced the 7.5 cm KwK 37 with its 24-calibre barrel, providing a huge improvement in firepower for mid-war tank designs. It came in two versions, 43 ("L/43") and 48 ("L/48") calibres long barrels, the former used during 1942 and early 1943, and the latter after that point. Along with the Pak 40, the KwK 40/StuK 40 was the most numerous anti-tank gun of the German army, and remained an effective weapon until the war's end.
When mounted on a casemate-armored assault gun-designated vehicle (Sturmgeschütz)) instead of a turreted tank, the weapon was called Sturmkanone 40 (StuK 40). Both the KwK 40 and StuK 40 were developed from the towed 7.5 cm Pak 40 anti-tank gun. The length of the ammunition used was shortened to allow for easier storage of said ammunition in vehicles the KwK 40 and StuK 40 would be mounted on.
The KwK 40 L/43 was mounted on the Panzer IV from April 1942 until June 1943. All 225 vehicles of the Panzer IV F2 mounted the L/43 with a ball shaped muzzle brake. About a 1,000 out of the 1,687 vehicles of the Panzer IV Ausf. G mounted the L/43 with a double baffle muzzle brake. The StuG III with the L/43 gun was designated as Ausf. F. of which only 120 were equipped with the L/43 (the remaining 246 having the longer L/48 version). All StuG III production runs through Ausf. F/8 to G mounted the longer L/48. The 780 original Jagdpanzer IV tank destroyers mounted the Pak 39 variant of the L/48 gun, the later Panzer IV/70 mounted the even longer Panther-derived StuK 42 L/70.
The L/48 was 334 mm (13.1 inches) longer and slightly more powerful than the L/43. L/48 became the standard gun from June 1942 until the end of World War II. The gun was fitted with an electric firing mechanism and the breech operated semi-automatically. Only one-piece ammunition was used.
As with the 7.5 cm Pak 40, the muzzle brake of the KwK 40 and StuK 40 went through a series of design changes. Five types of muzzle brakes were used, gradually increasing the area of exposure to the blast. The designs progressed from tubular type double baffle muzzle brakes to single baffle ball shape muzzle brakes, which proved to be insufficient in reducing recoil, followed by a double flange type from May 1943. The front flange and rear disk type was used from March 1944, followed finally by the double disc type.
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KwK 40 used shell 75×495 mm R [1][2][3]
| Gun type | Barrel length | Ammunition type | Muzzle velocity | Penetration | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 m (330 ft) | 500 m (1,600 ft) | 1,000 m (3,300 ft) | 1,500 m (4,900 ft) | 2,000 m (6,600 ft) | ||||
| 7.5 cm KwK 37 L/24 | 1,762.5 mm (69.39 in) | K.Gr.Patr.rot.Pz | 385 m/s (1,260 ft/s) | 41 mm (1.6 in) | 39 mm (1.5 in) | 35 mm (1.4 in) | 33 mm (1.3 in) | 30 mm (1.2 in) |
| 7.5 cm StuK 40 L/43 | 3,281 mm (129.2 in) | Pzgr.Ptr.39 | 740 m/s (2,400 ft/s) | 99 mm (3.9 in) | 91 mm (3.6 in) | 82 mm (3.2 in) | 72 mm (2.8 in) | 63 mm (2.5 in) |
| 7.5 cm KwK 40 L/48 | 3,615 mm (142.3 in) | Pzgr.Ptr.39 | 750 m/s (2,500 ft/s) | 110 mm (4.3 in) | 97 mm (3.8 in) | 86 mm (3.4 in) | 75 mm (3.0 in) | 64 mm (2.5 in) |
| 7.5 cm KwK 40 L/48 | 3,615 mm (142.3 in) | Pzgr.Ptr.40 | 930 m/s (3,100 ft/s) | 143 mm (5.6 in) | 120 mm (4.7 in) | 97 mm (3.8 in) | 77 mm (3.0 in) | |
| Gun type | Ammunition type | Muzzle velocity | Penetration | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 m | 250 m (820 ft) | 500 m | 750 m (2,460 ft) | 1000 m | 1,250 m (4,100 ft) | 1500 m | 2000 m | 2,500 m (8,200 ft) | 3,000 m (9,800 ft) | ||||
| 7.5 cm StuK 40 L/43 | APCBC | 740 m/s (2,400 ft/s) | 133 mm (5.2 in) | 128 mm (5.0 in) | 121 mm (4.8 in) | 114 mm (4.5 in) | 107 mm (4.2 in) | 101 mm (4.0 in) | 95 mm (3.7 in) | 85 mm | 75 mm (3.0 in) | 67 mm (2.6 in) | |
| 7.5 cm StuK 40 L/43 | APCR | 920 m/s (3,000 ft/s) | 173 mm (6.8 in) | 164 mm (6.5 in) | 151 mm (5.9 in) | 139 mm (5.5 in) | 127 mm (5.0 in) | 117 mm (4.6 in) | 108 mm (4.3 in) | 91 mm (3.6 in) | 77 mm | 65 mm (2.6 in) | |
| 7.5 cm KwK 40 L/48 | APCBC | 750 m/s | 135 mm (5.3 in) | 130 mm (5.1 in) | 123 mm (4.8 in) | 116 mm (4.6 in) | 109 mm (4.3 in) | 103 mm (4.1 in) | 97 mm | 86 mm (3.4 in) | 76 mm (3.0 in) | 68 mm (2.7 in) | |
| 7.5 cm KwK 40 L/48 | APCR | 930 m/s | 176 mm (6.9 in) | 167 mm (6.6 in) | 154 mm (6.1 in) | 141 mm (5.6 in) | 130 mm | 119 mm (4.7 in) | 109 mm | 92 mm (3.6 in) | 78 mm (3.1 in) | 66 mm (2.6 in) | |
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