2MASS J0441+2301
Young star system in the constellation Taurus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2MASS J0441+2301 (abbreviated as 2M 0441+23) is a young quadruple system hosting a planetary-mass object, a red dwarf star and two brown dwarfs, approximately 470 light years (145 parsecs) away.
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Taurus |
| 2MASS J04414489+2301513 (2M J044144 B) | |
| Right ascension | 04h 41m 44.898s[1] |
| Declination | +23° 01′ 51.39″[1] |
| 2MASS J04414565+2301580 (2M J044145 A) | |
| Right ascension | 04h 41m 45.652s[1] |
| Declination | +23° 01′ 58.07″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 15.20[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | M4.5[3]/M8.5[4] |
| Variable type | T Tau[5] |
| Astrometry | |
| 2MASS J04414489+2301513 (2M 044144) | |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 7.918[6] mas/yr Dec.: -20.152[6] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 8.1822±0.3044 mas[6] |
| Distance | 400 ± 10 ly (122 ± 5 pc) |
| 2MASS J04414565+2301580 (2M 044145) | |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 7.914[7] mas/yr Dec.: -22.086[7] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 8.0887 ± 0.0713 mas[7] |
| Distance | 403 ± 4 ly (124 ± 1 pc) |
| Details | |
| 2MASS J04414489+2301513 (2M 044144) | |
| Mass | 19 ± 3 / 9.8 ± 1.8[3] MJup |
| Luminosity | 0.00347 / 0.00093[3] L☉ |
| Temperature | 2100 / 1800[3] K |
| Age | 1-3[4][3] Myr |
| 2MASS J04414565+2301580 (2M 044145) | |
| Mass | 0.191+0.095 −0.048 M☉ / 35 ± 5[3] MJup |
| Luminosity | 0.14 / 0.00741[3] L☉ |
| Temperature | 3400 / 2800[3] K |
| Age | 1-3[4][3] Myr |
| Other designations | |
WDS J04417+2302AB | |
| 2MASS J04414565+2301580: ATO J070.4402+23.0326, TIC 118893901, UCAC2 39972132, UCAC4 566-011236, UGCS J044145.65+230158.0, WISE J044145.65+230157.8, WISEA J044145.65+230157.7, Gaia DR3 146487560507840768, Gaia DR2 146487560507840768 | |
| 2MASS J04414489+2301513: Gaia DR3 146487556211644544, Gaia DR2 146487556211644544, UGCS J044144.89+230151.3, USNO-B1.0 1130-00071517, TIC 118893899 | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | 2M J044144 |
| 2M J044145 | |
The 2MASS J04414489+2301513 Bab (abbreviated as 2M J044144) primary (a brown dwarf) has a large separation (12.4 arcseconds) companion, 2MASS J04414565+2301580 Aab (abbreviated as 2M J044145), which in turn has a nearby small separation substellar companion (separation of 0.23 arcseconds to the northeast). 2M J044145 has similar proper motion to 2M J044144 and is likely physically associated with the system.[8] The entire system of 4 objects is then a hierarchical quadruple of two binary objects orbiting each other.[8] The primary component Aa has a spectral type of M4.5 and a red apparent magnitude of 14.2.[3] Both components seem to be accreting mass from their stellar disks, as shown by their emission lines.[3] The four objects have a total mass of only 26% of the Sun, making it the quadruple star system with the lowest mass known.[3]
Planetary system
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The primary is orbited by a companion about 5–10 times the mass of Jupiter.[9] The mass of the primary brown dwarf is roughly 20 times the mass of Jupiter and its age is roughly one million years.[4] It is not clear whether this companion object is a sub-brown dwarf or a planet. The companion is very large with respect to its parent and must have formed within 1 million years or so. This seems to be too big and too fast to form like a regular planet from a disk around the central object.[4] It also fails the mass ratio criterion of the IAU definition of an exoplanet; the mass ratio with the primary is closer than 1/25.[10] It is still considered a planet by the NASA Exoplanet Archive and Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia though.[11][12]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (years) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | 9.8±1.8 MJ | 15±0.6 | 411 | — | — | 3.05 RJ |
See also
References
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