2019 Canadian federal election

The 2019 Canadian federal election was held on October 21, 2019. Members of the House of Commons were elected to the 43rd Canadian Parliament. In keeping with the maximum four-year term under a 2007 amendment to the Canada Elections Act, the writs of election for the 2019 election were issued by Governor General Julie Payette on September 11, 2019.

2019 Canadian federal election

← 2015 October 21, 2019 2021 →
← outgoing members elected members →
338 seats in the House of Commons 170 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	67.0%[1] (1.3pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Justin Trudeau Andrew Scheer Yves-François Blanchet Party Liberal Conservative Bloc Québécois Leader since April 14, 2013 May 27, 2017 January 17, 2019 Leader's seat Papineau Regina—Qu'Appelle Beloeil—Chambly[a] Last election 184 seats, 39.47% 99 seats, 31.89% 10 seats, 4.66% Seats before 177 95 10 Seats won 157 121 32 Seat change 20 26 22 Popular vote 6,018,728 6,239,227 1,387,030 Percentage 33.12% 34.34% 7.63% Swing 6.40pp 2.52pp 3.03pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Jagmeet Singh Elizabeth May Maxime Bernier Party New Democratic Green People's Leader since October 1, 2017 August 27, 2006 September 14, 2018 Leader's seat Burnaby South Saanich—Gulf Islands Beauce (lost re-election) Last election 44 seats, 19.71% 1 seat, 3.45% New party Seats before 39 2 1 Seats won 24 3 0 Seat change 15 1 1 Popular vote 2,903,722 1,189,607 294,092 Percentage 15.98% 6.55% 1.62% Swing 3.78pp 3.07pp New party
2019 Canadian general election riding results map Results by province and territory
Prime Minister before election Justin Trudeau Liberal Prime Minister after election Justin Trudeau Liberal

With 33.12% of the vote for the Liberal Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, the 2019 election set, at the time, a record for the lowest vote share for a party that would go on to form a single-party minority government (this record would later be beaten in the subsequent 2021 federal election).^[2] The Liberals lost the popular vote to the Conservative Party by one per cent,^[3] marking only the second time in Canadian history that a governing party formed a government while receiving less than 35 per cent of the national popular vote, the first time being the inaugural 1867 Canadian federal election after Confederation. It was also the first time since 1979 that the party with the most votes overall did not win the most seats.

The Conservatives, led by Andrew Scheer, won 121 seats and remained the Official Opposition. The Bloc Québécois, led by Yves-François Blanchet, won 32 seats to regain official party status and became the third party for the first time since 2008. The New Democratic Party, led by Jagmeet Singh, won 24 seats, its worst result since 2004. The Green Party, led by Elizabeth May, saw its best election results with three seats and for the first time received over one million votes. The Greens also elected their first MP outside of British Columbia, Jenica Atwin in Fredericton, New Brunswick.^[3] Independent MP Jody Wilson-Raybould won her seat and was the first independent to win a seat in over a decade. In their first election, the People's Party failed to win any seats, as leader Maxime Bernier lost his own seat in Beauce, a seat he won as a Conservative in the previous four elections before forming his own party following his unsuccessful bid for the Conservative Party's leadership.

Background

The 2015 federal election resulted in a Liberal majority government headed by Justin Trudeau. The Conservatives became the Official Opposition (with Stephen Harper announcing his resignation as party leader) and the New Democrats (NDP) became the third party. While members of the Bloc Québécois and the Greens were elected to the House, both failed to achieve the required number of MPs—twelve—for official party status. Bloc leader Gilles Duceppe announced his resignation shortly after the election, and was succeeded by Parti Québécois MNA Martine Ouellet.^[4] After losing a leadership review, Ouellet announced she would step down as Bloc leader on June 11, 2018,^[5] and was succeeded by Yves-François Blanchet on January 17, 2019.^[6]

Tom Mulcair was rejected as NDP party leader; he gained only 48% of the vote at the NDP's April 2016 leadership review. The party held a leadership election on October 1, 2017, electing Ontario MPP and the former Deputy Leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party Jagmeet Singh as Mulcair's successor.^[7][8]

Parties and standings

The table below lists parties represented in the House of Commons after the 2015 federal election, and the standings at dissolution.

Name		Ideology	Leader	2015 result		At dissolution
				Votes (%)	Seats
	Liberal	Liberalism Social liberalism	Justin Trudeau	39.47%	184 / 338	177 / 338
	Conservative	Conservatism Economic liberalism Fiscal conservatism	Andrew Scheer	31.89%	99 / 338	95 / 338
	New Democratic	Social democracy Democratic socialism	Jagmeet Singh	19.71%	44 / 338	39 / 338
	Bloc Québécois	Quebec nationalism[9]	Yves-François Blanchet	4.66%	10 / 338	10 / 338
	Green[b]	Green politics Green liberalism	Elizabeth May	3.45%	1 / 338	2 / 338
	People's	Right-wing populism Canadian nationalism Conservatism	Maxime Bernier	N/A		1 / 338
	Co-operative Commonwealth[c]	Social democracy	N/A	N/A		1 / 338
	Independents[b]	N/A	N/A	0.28%	0 / 338	8 / 338
	Vacant seats	N/A		N/A		5 / 338

Bill C-44

Bill C-44 was passed in 2017 and assigned responsibility to the Parliamentary Budget Office to calculate the cost of party platforms for elections; the review was available in the 2019 election. The Parliamentary Budget Office had a $500,000 budget for costing party platforms for this election, but announced it would only review a party platform at the request of the authoring party. It also conducted confidential assessments of independent and party platform proposals preceding the election campaign. The service was also available to members of parliament representing a party without official party status in the House of Commons, like Elizabeth May's Green Party.^[11]

Electoral reform

Main article: Canadian House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform

In June 2015, Trudeau pledged to reform the electoral system if elected, saying, "We are committed to ensuring that 2015 is the last election held under first-past-the-post."^[12][13] As the Liberals, New Democrats, Bloc Québécois, and Green Party were all in favour of reform, a different voting system could have been in place by the next federal election.^[14]

A Special Committee on Electoral Reform was formed with representatives from all five parties in the House. The committee's report, Strengthening Democracy in Canada: Principles, Process and Public Engagement for Electoral Reform, was presented in December 2016 and recommended a proportional electoral system be introduced following a national referendum. The majority of the all-party committee recommended "that the government should, as it develops a new electoral system ... [seek to] minimize the level of distortion between the popular will of the electorate and the resultant seat allocations in Parliament."^[15][16]

The mandate of the committee was to "identify and conduct a study of viable alternate voting systems" rather than to recommend a specific alternative system.^[17] The Minister of Democratic Institutions Maryam Monsef was critical of the committee's recommendation saying "I have to admit I'm a little disappointed, because what we had hoped the committee would provide us with would be a specific alternative system to first past the post." Interim Conservative Leader Rona Ambrose said Monsef's comments were "a disgrace" and Green Party Leader Elizabeth May said "[t]he minister chose to insult the committee and chose to mislead Canadians."^[15]

In February 2017, Trudeau dropped support for electoral reform, issuing a mandate to newly appointed Minister of Democratic Institutions Karina Gould, saying that, "A clear preference for a new electoral system, let alone a consensus, has not emerged. ... Changing the electoral system will not be in your mandate."^[18] In response to questions from the public in Iqaluit, Trudeau said "It is because I felt it was not in the best interests of our country and of our future," citing concerns that alternative electoral systems would give too much power to "extremist and activist voices" that could create "instability and uncertainty" dividing the country.^[19]

Assessment of Trudeau's government

In July 2019, an independent academically edited study, Assessing Justin Trudeau's Liberal Government: 353 Promises and a Mandate for Change, was published by Les Presses de l'Université Laval, finding that Justin Trudeau's government kept 92 per cent of pledges, when complete and partial pledges were added together, while the Harper government kept 85 per cent of complete and partial pledges. When only completed, realized pledges were calculated, Harper's government, in their last year, kept 77 per cent of promises while the Liberal government kept 53.5 per cent. The book notes that Harper's pledges tended towards transactional pledges which target sub-populations while Trudeau's government's promises were transformative—ambitious pledges the Liberals took while they were the third-place party. Trudeau's government, according to the researchers, and the "last Harper government had the highest rates of follow-through on their campaign promises of any Canadian government over the last 35 years."^[20][21]

Election spending

According to Elections Canada rules, third parties are allowed to spend $1,023,400 in the pre-election period between June 30 and the start of the election campaign. They can spend an additional $511,700 during the election campaign.^[22][23]

Reimbursements for political parties and candidates

Political parties receive a reimbursement for 50 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Similarly, electoral district associations receive a reimbursement of 60 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Both reimbursements are publicly funded.^[24][d]

Registered third parties

A person or group must register as a third party immediately after incurring expenses totaling $500 or more on regulated activities that take place during the pre-election period or election period. The regulated activities are partisan activities (that promote parties or candidates), election surveys, partisan advertising and election advertising. Furthermore, to be a third party you must be :

• an individual who is a Canadian citizen, a permanent resident or lives in Canada
• a corporation that carries on business in Canada, or
• a group, as long as a person responsible for the group is a Canadian citizen, a permanent resident or lives in Canada.

One cannot spend money or use their resources to influence Canadian elections if they are a foreign third party.

There are also strict limits on expenses related to regulated activities, and specific limits that can be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district. Registered third parties are subject to an election advertising expenses limit of $1,023,400 in the pre-election period, of which $10,234 can be spent in a given electoral district and $511,700 during the election period. Of that amount, no more than $4,386 can be spent to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district.^[25][26][27]

Incumbents not running for reelection

Below are the 44 MPs who chose not to run in the 2019 federal election:

Member of Parliament[a 1]		Electoral district	Province or territory	MP since
	Frank Baylis[28]	Pierrefonds—Dollard	Quebec	2015
	Bill Casey[29]	Cumberland—Colchester	Nova Scotia	2015[a 2]
	Rodger Cuzner[30]	Cape Breton—Canso	Nova Scotia	2000
	Mark Eyking[31]	Sydney—Victoria	Nova Scotia	2000
	Colin Fraser[32]	West Nova	Nova Scotia	2015
	Pam Goldsmith-Jones[33]	West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country	British Columbia	2015
	T. J. Harvey[34]	Tobique—Mactaquac	New Brunswick	2015
	Andrew Leslie[35]	Orléans	Ontario	2015
	Eva Nassif[36]	Vimy	Quebec	2015
	John Oliver[37]	Oakville	Ontario	2015
	Denis Paradis[38]	Brome—Missisquoi	Quebec	2015
	Kyle Peterson[39]	Newmarket—Aurora	Ontario	2015
	Don Rusnak[40]	Thunder Bay—Rainy River	Ontario	2015
	Geng Tan[28]	Don Valley North	Ontario	2015
	Borys Wrzesnewskyj[41]	Etobicoke Centre	Ontario	2015[a 3]
	David Anderson[42]	Cypress Hills—Grasslands	Saskatchewan	2000
	Jim Eglinski[43]	Yellowhead	Alberta	2014
	Kellie Leitch[44]	Simcoe—Grey	Ontario	2011
	Guy Lauzon[45]	Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry	Ontario	2004
	Larry Miller[46]	Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound	Ontario	2004
	Rob Nicholson[47]	Niagara Falls	Ontario	2004
	Alex Nuttall[48]	Barrie—Springwater—Oro-Medonte	Ontario	2015
	Bev Shipley[49]	Lambton—Kent—Middlesex	Ontario	2006
	Robert Sopuck[50]	Dauphin—Swan River—Neepawa	Manitoba	2010
	Kevin Sorenson[51]	Battle River—Crowfoot	Alberta	2000
	David Tilson[32]	Dufferin—Caledon	Ontario	2004
	Dave Van Kesteren[52]	Chatham-Kent—Leamington	Ontario	2006
	Mark Warawa[53][a 4]	Langley—Aldergrove	British Columbia	2004
	Marjolaine Boutin-Sweet[54]	Hochelaga	Quebec	2011
	David Christopherson[55]	Hamilton Centre	Ontario	2004
	Nathan Cullen[56]	Skeena—Bulkley Valley	British Columbia	2004
	Fin Donnelly[57]	Port Moody—Coquitlam	British Columbia	2009
	Linda Duncan[58]	Edmonton Strathcona	Alberta	2008
	Hélène Laverdière[59]	Laurier—Sainte-Marie	Quebec	2011
	Irene Mathyssen[60]	London—Fanshawe	Ontario	2006
	Anne Minh-Thu Quach[61]	Salaberry—Suroît	Quebec	2011
	Christine Moore[62]	Abitibi—Témiscamingue	Quebec	2011
	Murray Rankin[63]	Victoria	British Columbia	2012
	Romeo Saganash[64]	Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou	Quebec	2011
	Erin Weir[65][a 5]	Regina—Lewvan	Saskatchewan	2015
	Celina Caesar-Chavannes[66][a 6]	Whitby	Ontario	2015
	Tony Clement[67][a 7]	Parry Sound-Muskoka	Ontario	2006
	Darshan Kang[a 6]	Calgary Skyview	Alberta	2015
	Hunter Tootoo[68][a 6]	Nunavut	Nunavut	2015

1. affiliation as at dissolution
2. had also served as MP in 1988–1993, 1997–2009
3. had also served as MP in 2004–2011
4. announced retirement; died before election
5. elected as NDP
6. elected as Liberal
7. elected as Conservative

Timeline

See also: 42nd Canadian Parliament

Seat	Before				Change
	Date	Member	Party	Reason	Date	Member	Party
Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner	March 23, 2016[69]	Jim Hillyer	█ Conservative	Death in office	October 24, 2016[70]	Glen Motz	█ Conservative
Nunavut	May 31, 2016[71]	Hunter Tootoo	█ Liberal	Resigned from caucus[a 1]			█ Independent
Ottawa—Vanier	August 16, 2016[72]	Mauril Bélanger	█ Liberal	Death in office	April 3, 2017	Mona Fortier	█ Liberal
Calgary Heritage	August 26, 2016[73]	Stephen Harper	█ Conservative	Resignation	April 3, 2017	Bob Benzen	█ Conservative
Calgary Midnapore	September 23, 2016[74]	Jason Kenney	█ Conservative	Resignation[a 2]	April 3, 2017	Stephanie Kusie	█ Conservative
Saint-Laurent	January 31, 2017[75]	Stéphane Dion	█ Liberal	Resignation[a 3]	April 3, 2017	Emmanuella Lambropoulos	█ Liberal
Markham—Thornhill	January 31, 2017	John McCallum	█ Liberal	Resignation[a 4]	April 3, 2017	Mary Ng	█ Liberal
Sturgeon River—Parkland	July 4, 2017[76]	Rona Ambrose	█ Conservative	Resignation	October 23, 2017	Dane Lloyd	█ Conservative
Lac-Saint-Jean	August 9, 2017[77]	Denis Lebel	█ Conservative	Resignation	October 23, 2017[78]	Richard Hébert	█ Liberal
Calgary Skyview	August 31, 2017[79]	Darshan Kang	█ Liberal	Resigned from caucus[a 5]			█ Independent
Scarborough—Agincourt	September 14, 2017[80][81]	Arnold Chan	█ Liberal	Death in office	December 11, 2017[82]	Jean Yip	█ Liberal
Bonavista—Burin—Trinity	September 30, 2017[83]	Judy Foote	█ Liberal	Resignation[a 6]	December 11, 2017	Churence Rogers	█ Liberal
South Surrey—White Rock	September 30, 2017[84]	Dianne Watts	█ Conservative	Resignation[a 7]	December 11, 2017	Gordon Hogg	█ Liberal
Battlefords—Lloydminster	October 2, 2017[85]	Gerry Ritz	█ Conservative	Resignation	December 11, 2017	Rosemarie Falk	█ Conservative
Chicoutimi—Le Fjord	December 1, 2017[86]	Denis Lemieux	█ Liberal	Resignation	June 18, 2018[87]	Richard Martel	█ Conservative
Terrebonne	February 28, 2018[88][89]	Michel Boudrias	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					June 6, 2018[90]		█ Bloc Québécois
Rivière-du-Nord	February 28, 2018	Rhéal Fortin	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					September 17, 2018[91]		█ Bloc Québécois
Mirabel	February 28, 2018	Simon Marcil	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					June 6, 2018		█ Bloc Québécois
Repentigny	February 28, 2018	Monique Pauzé	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					September 17, 2018[91]		█ Bloc Québécois
Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel	February 28, 2018	Louis Plamondon	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					September 17, 2018[91]		█ Bloc Québécois
Joliette	February 28, 2018	Gabriel Ste-Marie	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					September 17, 2018[91]		█ Bloc Québécois
Montcalm	February 28, 2018	Luc Thériault	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					September 17, 2018[91]		█ Bloc Québécois
Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes	May 2, 2018[92]	Gord Brown	█ Conservative	Death in office	December 3, 2018[93]	Michael Barrett	█ Conservative
Regina—Lewvan	May 3, 2018[94]	Erin Weir	█ New Democratic	Removed from caucus[a 8]	May 11, 2018[95]		█ CCF
Outremont	August 3, 2018[96]	Tom Mulcair	█ New Democratic	Resignation	February 25, 2019[97]	Rachel Bendayan	█ Liberal
Beauce	August 23, 2018[98]	Maxime Bernier	█ Conservative	Resigned from caucus	September 14, 2018		█ People's
Burnaby South	September 14, 2018[99]	Kennedy Stewart	█ New Democratic	Resignation[a 9]	February 25, 2019[97]	Jagmeet Singh	█ New Democratic
Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill	September 17, 2018[100]	Leona Alleslev	█ Liberal	Changed affiliation			█ Conservative
York—Simcoe	September 30, 2018[101]	Peter Van Loan	█ Conservative	Resignation	February 25, 2019[97]	Scot Davidson	█ Conservative
Parry Sound-Muskoka	November 7, 2018[102]	Tony Clement	█ Conservative	Resigned from caucus[a 10]			█ Independent
Brampton East	November 30, 2018[103][non-primary source needed][104]	Raj Grewal	█ Liberal	Resigned from caucus[a 11]			█ Independent
Nanaimo—Ladysmith	January 2, 2019[105]	Sheila Malcolmson	█ New Democratic	Resigned[a 12]	May 6, 2019[106]	Paul Manly	█ Green
Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel	January 29, 2019[107]	Nicola Di Iorio	█ Liberal	Resignation
Kings—Hants	February 10, 2019[108]	Scott Brison	█ Liberal	Resignation
Whitby	March 20, 2019[109]	Celina Caesar-Chavannes	█ Liberal	Resigned from caucus			█ Independent
Markham—Stouffville	April 2, 2019[110]	Jane Philpott	█ Liberal	Removed from caucus[a 13]			█ Independent
Vancouver Granville	April 2, 2019[110]	Jody Wilson-Raybould	█ Liberal	Removed from caucus[a 13]			█ Independent
Langley—Aldergrove	June 20, 2019	Mark Warawa	█ Conservative	Death in office[a 14]
Calgary Forest Lawn	August 2, 2019	Deepak Obhrai	█ Conservative	Death in office[a 14]
Longueuil—Saint-Hubert	August 16, 2019[111][112]	Pierre Nantel	█ New Democratic	Removed from caucus[a 15]	August 16, 2019[112]		█ Independent

Changes in seats held (2015–2019)

1. to seek treatment for addiction
2. in order to seek the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta
3. becoming Ambassador to the European Union
4. becoming Ambassador to China
5. amid allegations of sexual harassment
6. former Minister of Public Services and Procurement
7. following her entrance into the 2018 British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election
8. over harassment allegations
9. to run for Mayor of Vancouver
10. as a result of a sexting scandal
11. to seek treatment for a gambling addiction
12. to run for the provincial district of Nanaimo
13. amid the SNC-Lavalin affair
14. dies due to cancer, while serving as a Conservative MP
15. will run for Greens in 2019 Canadian federal election

2015

• October 19, 2015: The Liberal Party of Canada wins a majority government in the 42nd Canadian federal election. Outgoing Prime Minister Stephen Harper announces his intention to resign as leader of the Conservative Party of Canada.^[113]
• October 22, 2015: Gilles Duceppe resigns as leader of the Bloc Québécois and is replaced on an interim-basis by Rivière-du-Nord MP Rhéal Fortin.^[114]
• November 4, 2015: Justin Trudeau is sworn in as the 23rd Prime Minister of Canada.^[115]
• November 5, 2015: Sturgeon River—Parkland MP and former cabinet minister Rona Ambrose is elected interim Conservative leader.^[116]
• December 3, 2015: The 42nd Parliament is convened.^[117]

2016

• March 23, 2016: Jim Hillyer, Conservative MP for Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner dies of a heart attack.^[118]
• April 10, 2016: 52% of delegates at the 2016 NDP convention voted in support of a leadership review motion to hold a leadership election within 24 months.^[7] Party leader Tom Mulcair announces he will stay on as leader until his replacement is chosen.^[119]
• August 15, 2016: Mauril Belanger, Liberal MP for Ottawa—Vanier dies of ALS.^[120]
• August 26, 2016: Former Prime Minister Stephen Harper, Conservative MP for Calgary Heritage resigns his seat in the House of Commons.^[121]
• September 9, 2016: Strength in Democracy, a party which had three incumbent MPs among its 17 candidates in the last election is deregistered by Elections Canada for failure to file papers maintaining its party status.^[122]
• September 23, 2016: Jason Kenney, Conservative MP for Calgary Midnapore resigns his seat to seek the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta.^[123]

2017

• February 1, 2017: John McCallum, Liberal MP for Markham—Thornhill resigns his seat to become Ambassador to China.^[124]
• February 6, 2017: Stéphane Dion, Liberal MP for Saint-Laurent resigns his seat to become Ambassador to Germany and Special Envoy of Canada to the European Union and Europe.^[125]
• March 18, 2017: Martine Ouellet is acclaimed as leader of the Bloc Québécois.^[4]
• May 27, 2017: Andrew Scheer is elected leader of the Conservative Party of Canada.^[126]
• July 4, 2017: Rona Ambrose, Conservative MP for Sturgeon River—Parkland resigns her seat in the House of Commons.^[127]
• August 31, 2017: Calgary Skyview MP Darshan Kang resigns from the Liberal caucus amid sexual harassment allegations.^[79]
• September 14, 2017: Arnold Chan, Liberal MP for Scarborough—Agincourt dies of cancer.^[80][81]
• October 1, 2017: Jagmeet Singh is elected leader of the New Democratic Party.^[128][8]
• December 1, 2017: Denis Lemieux, Liberal MP for Chicoutimi—Le Fjord resigns his seat in the House of Commons.^[129]

2018

• February 28, 2018: Citing conflict with party leader Martine Ouellet, seven Bloc Québécois MPs resign from the party caucus,^[88] establishing the Groupe parlementaire québécois for parliamentary purposes, while remaining independent of any electoral political party.^[89] Only Xavier Barsalou-Duval (Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères), Mario Beaulieu (La Pointe-de-l'Île), and Marilène Gill (Manicouagan) remain in the Bloc Québécois caucus.
• May 2, 2018: Gord Brown, Conservative MP for Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes dies of a heart attack.^[92]
• May 9, 2018: Members of the Groupe parlementaire québécois announce they will be forming a new political party, Québec debout.^[130]
• June 4, 2018: After losing a leadership review, Martine Ouellet announces she will step down as leader of the Bloc Québécois effective June 11, 2018.^[5]
• June 6, 2018: Michel Boudrias and Simon Marcil, Québec debout MPs for Terrebonne and Mirabel, respectively, announce they will return to the Bloc Québécois caucus as a result of Martine Ouellet's resignation as party leader.^[90] Citing the Bloc's vote the previous weekend to focus exclusively on Quebec sovereignty, Québec debout spokesman Rhéal Fortin announces that he and the party's other four MPs will not rejoin the Bloc Québécois.^[90]
• August 3, 2018: Tom Mulcair, NDP MP for Outremont resigns his seat in the House of Commons.^[131]
• August 23, 2018: Beauce MP Maxime Bernier resigns from the Conservative caucus in disagreement with the leadership of Andrew Scheer. Bernier announces his intention to form a new federal party.^[98]
• September 14, 2018:
  • Three weeks after leaving the Conservative caucus, Beauce MP Maxime Bernier formally launches the People's Party of Canada, becoming its first MP.^[132]
  • Kennedy Stewart, NDP MP for Burnaby South, resigns to run for mayor of Vancouver, triggering a by-election in his riding.^[133]
• September 17, 2018:
  • All five Québec debout MPs – Rhéal Fortin (Rivière-du-Nord), Monique Pauzé (Repentigny), Louis Plamondon (Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel), Gabriel Ste-Marie (Joliette), and Luc Thériault (Montcalm) – announce they will rejoin the Bloc Québécois,^[91] officially dissolving Quebec debout.
  • Leona Alleslev, Liberal MP for Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill, crosses the floor to join the Conservatives, citing concerns for the Liberal's handling of the economy, foreign and security policies, and international trade.^[100]
• September 30, 2018: Peter Van Loan, Conservative MP for York—Simcoe resigns his seat in the House of Commons.^[134]
• November 7, 2018: Parry Sound-Muskoka MP Tony Clement resigns from the Conservative caucus, at the request of leader Andrew Scheer, due to a sexting scandal.^[135]
• November 30, 2018: Brampton East MP Raj Grewal resigns from the Liberal caucus to enter treatment due to a gambling addiction.^[103][104]

2019

• January 2, 2019: Sheila Malcolmson, NDP MP for Nanaimo—Ladysmith resigned her seat to seek election in the British Columbia provincial riding of Nanaimo.^[105]
• January 17, 2019: As no other candidate had entered the race by the January 15 nomination deadline, Yves-François Blanchet was acclaimed leader of the Bloc Québécois.^[6]
• January 29, 2019: Nicola Di Iorio, Liberal MP for Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel resigned his seat in the House of Commons.^[107]
• February 10, 2019: Scott Brison, Liberal MP for Kings—Hants resigned his seat in the House of Commons.^[108]
• February 25, 2019: By-elections were held in Outremont, York—Simcoe and Burnaby South, electing Liberal Rachel Bendayan, Conservative Scot Davidson, and New Democrat Jagmeet Singh, respectively.
• March 20, 2019: Whitby MP Celina Caesar-Chavannes resigned from the Liberal caucus.^[109]
• April 2, 2019: Markham—Stouffville MP Jane Philpott and Vancouver Granville MP Jody Wilson-Raybould were removed from the Liberal caucus.^[110]
• May 6, 2019: A by-election was held in Nanaimo—Ladysmith, electing Green candidate Paul Manly.^[106]
• June 20, 2019: Mark Warawa, Conservative MP for Langley—Aldergrove died of cancer.^[136]
• August 2, 2019: Deepak Obhrai, Conservative MP for Calgary Forest Lawn died from liver cancer.^[137]
• August 16, 2019: Pierre Nantel was removed from the New Democratic Party caucus and de-selected as the NDP candidate for Longueuil—Saint-Hubert after reports surfaced of ongoing discussions regarding Nantel joining the Green Party of Canada.^[138] He announces that he is now an independent MP.
• August 19, 2019: Pierre Nantel repeated that he will remain an independent MP until the end of his term in the current Parliament and announces that he will be a candidate for the Green Party of Canada in the election for the next Parliament.^[139][10]
• September 10, 2019: The Rhinoceros Party nominated a candidate named Maxime Bernier in Beauce, the riding of People's Party leader Maxime Bernier.^[140]
• September 11, 2019: Parliament is dissolved and writs of election are dropped.^[141]
• September 13, 2019: Elizabeth May announced that her party will conduct more thorough "re-vetting" of candidates after media reports of some Green candidates have made past statements opposing legal abortion.^[142]
• September 15, 2019: Andrew Scheer said he will stand by candidates despite "controversial" comments in the past as long as the candidate apologizes, and takes responsibility for said comments.^[143][144]
• September 16, 2019: Maxime Bernier was officially invited to the debates organized by the Leaders' Debates Commission after Commissioner David Johnston announces the People's Party meets the criteria set for the debates.^[145]
• October 11–14, 2019: Advance polls were open, with an estimated record 4.7 million electors casting their ballots, a turnout increase of 29% above the 2015 general election. It also marked the first time polls have been open for 12 hours each day.^[146][147]
• October 18, 2019: Elections Canada reports historic turnout among international voters, with 21,842 electors casting their ballots.^[148]
• October 21, 2019: Election Day: The Liberal Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, forms a minority government with 157 seats.

Endorsements

Endorsements received by each party

Type	Liberal	Conservative	NDP	Bloc Québécois	Green	PPC	No endorsement
Media	Hamilton Spectator[149] Toronto Star[150] The Varsity[e][151] Le Devoir[f][152]	PostMedia[153][154][155][156]		Le Devoir[f][152]			The Globe and Mail[157]
Politicians and public figures	Barack Obama[158] Masai Ujiri[159] Martin Luther King III[160]	Blaine Higgs[161] Jason Kenney[162] Brian Pallister[163]	Rupi Kaur[164] Rachel Notley[g][165] Wab Kinew[166] Ryan Meili[167]		Pamela Anderson[168] Neil Young[169]		Dennis King[163] François Legault[170] Hazel McCallion[171] Scott Moe[167] John Tory[172]
Unions and business associations			Ontario Federation of Labour[173]

Campaign slogans

Party	English	French	Translation of French (unofficial)
Conservative Party	"It's time for you to get ahead."[174]	"Plus. Pour vous. Dès maintenant."[175]	"More. For you. Starting now."
New Democratic Party	"In it for you."[176]	"Les progressistes : c'est nous"[177][h]	"We are the progressives"
Liberal Party	"Choose Forward"[178]	"Choisir d'avancer"[179]	"Choosing to move forward"
Bloc Québécois	N/A	"Le Québec, c'est nous"[180]	"Quebec, it's us" or "We are Quebec"
Green Party	"Not Left. Not Right. Forward Together."[181]	"L'urgence d'agir."[182][i]	"The urgency to act."
People's Party	"Strong & Free"[183]	"Fort et libre"	"Strong and free"

Election campaign

Liberal

The Parliament of Canada's Ethics Commissioner, Mario Dion, found that Trudeau improperly influenced then Minister of Justice and Attorney General Jody Wilson-Raybould to intervene in an ongoing criminal case against Quebec-based construction company SNC-Lavalin.^[184] The Trudeau government has maintained that there was no undue pressure or law broken, that offering SNC-Lavalin a deferred prosecution agreement (DPA) could save jobs, and that the controversy resulted from a misunderstanding and an "erosion of trust". The affair became public in February 2019, shortly after Wilson-Raybould had been shuffled to another cabinet position. Wilson-Raybould resigned from cabinet later that day. This was followed by the resignation of cabinet minister Jane Philpott, over the government's handling of the affair. In April, Wilson-Raybould and Philpott were expelled by Trudeau from the Liberal caucus; Trudeau cited concerns for division in and subsequent weakening of the Liberal party. On April 2, 2019, Wilson-Raybould, as Liberal candidate for Vancouver Granville, and Philpott, as Liberal candidate for Markham—Stouffville, were deselected as candidates.^[185]

In late August, Party deputy leader Ralph Goodale, Liberal candidate for Regina—Wascana, Lawrence MacAulay, candidate for Cardigan, and Francis Scarpaleggia, candidate for Lac-Saint-Louis, were singled out for their opposition to same-sex marriage. Pundits argued that Goodale was being hypocritical, due to his role with Scheer and the same-sex marriage incident.^[186][187] Goodale later stated that he had evolved on the position and wanted answers from Scheer.^[188]

On August 30, Hassan Guillet, Liberal candidate for Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel, was dropped as a candidate following allegations of anti-Semitic comments from B'nai B'rith.^[189] Guillet's nomination previously raised concern that his ethnicity would be out of place in the majority Italian riding.^[190] Guillet denied the allegation, alleged that the Liberals were aware of the post, and that they "imposed" his replacement Patricia Lattanzio, on the riding.^[191] On September 20, Guillet announced he would run as an independent.^[192]

Sameer Zuberi, Liberal candidate for Pierrefonds—Dollard, was nominated on September 15, despite questioning Osama bin Laden's involvement in 9/11 in a social media post.^[193] Zuberi called the accusations false saying it was an attempt by the Conservatives to deflect attention away from their own candidates with extremist or white supremacist leanings.^[194]

On September 18, L'Express of Drummondville reported that the Liberal candidate for Drummond, William Morales' nomination victory was attended by two convicted criminals. Morales said that while he maintains contact with Spanish-speaking members from the Drummondville community the two people were not involved in his campaign and he does not have close relations with them.^[195] He later told his local newspaper that he interacts with members regardless of their background.^[196]

On September 18, Trudeau attracted controversy for a photograph published in Time magazine, in which he wore brownface makeup to a party at West Point Grey Academy, where he was a teacher, in 2001. Trudeau called it a mistake and apologized publicly for it.^[197][198] When apologizing, Trudeau also confessed to having worn similar makeup in high-school.^[199] Following his apology, an earlier instance from the early 1990s of Trudeau wearing blackface makeup was uncovered.^[200][199] The following day, Trudeau apologized again and said he was "not that person anymore".^{[201][202][203]} He also said that it should not be called "makeup" but blackface.^[202] Some commentators labelled this hypocritical, since the Liberals had exposed the past misdeeds of some Conservative candidates.^[204][205] Trudeau drew a mixed reaction from the public. Some were upset and contemplated changing their vote,^[206][207] while others defended him, such as members of minorities, minority community groups, racialized commentators and some of his opponents.^{[207][208][209][210][211][212]} Later, Trudeau announced that he wanted to apologize personally to Jagmeet Singh, who replied that he would only meet Trudeau for an apology if it was "politics-free" and private.^[213] Following the announcement, Singh received a call from Trudeau on September 24, and they talked privately for 15 to 20 minutes.^[214] In the days following the scandal, pollsters pointed out that the majority of Canadians either were not bothered by the scandal or had accepted Trudeau's apology.^[215][216]

On September 23, Del Arnold, Liberal candidate for Calgary Shepard, apologized to Conservative rival Tom Kmiec after spreading misleading information about his place of residence. Arnold has not apologized for a deleted tweet that accused Andrew Scheer of having links to "white supremacy" and the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Virginia.^[217]

On September 28, Judy Sgro, Liberal candidate for Humber River—Black Creek, made remarks during an interview with a radio network called GBKM FM defending Trudeau's wearing of brownface/blackface makeup: "Those in the black community have told me how much more love they have for the prime minister, that he wanted to have a black face. That he took great pride in that, too". She later apologized for her remarks, saying that "the comments I made on GBKM FM were insensitive," and further adding "I should have known better, and I apologize".^{[218][219][220]}

On October 13, due to a security threat, Trudeau appeared 90 minutes late to a campaign rally. Trudeau took extraordinary security precautions at the event. He wore a bulletproof vest and was surrounded by heavily armed security personnel. His wife was also supposed to introduce him, but she did not appear on stage. The Liberal Party did not reveal the nature of the threat.^{[221][222][223]} Scheer and Singh both showed concern for Trudeau following the threat.^[222][224] The following day, the RCMP was still with the Liberal leader.^[225] Furthermore, Trudeau explained that he followed advice from the RCMP and that this event will not change the way he campaigns.^[224][226]

On October 14, Trudeau dodged multiple questions about a possible coalition with the NDP in a minority scenario. He responded that he remains focused on winning a majority.^[227][228]

Conservative

About one year after he assumed office, polling showed that Ontario Premier Doug Ford of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario was deeply unpopular—in some cases even less popular than previous Ontario Liberal Party Premier Kathleen Wynne when she lost power,^{[229][230][231]} which could have deterred voters from voting for Scheer.^[232][233] This worried CPC insiders and prompted the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario to call an extended recess of the provincial legislature to reduce negative news coverage, in order to help the federal Tories.^[234][231] If the Conservatives lost the election, Scheer pledged to blame it on Ford during his leadership review.^[231] Therefore, leading up to the campaign, Andrew Scheer distanced himself from Ford and later campaigned without him.^[235][236] Meanwhile, the Liberals and Scheer's opponents tried to capitalize on Ford's unpopularity by linking Scheer to the Premier multiple times.^{[237][238][239]}

Several CPC candidates were dropped leading to and during the course of the campaign. On April 25, Harzadan Khattra, the candidate for Dufferin—Caledon, was disqualified after a fellow contestant sent the party verifiable information about "membership buying, improper voting, and other concerns".^[240] On June 28, Salim Mansur, the candidate for London North Centre, was disqualified over alleged fears that the Liberals would characterize Mansur's record as Islamophobic.^[241] On July 10, Mark King, the candidate for Nipissing—Timiskaming, was stripped of his nomination for disputed reasons.^[242][243] On September 12, Cameron Ogilvie, Conservative candidate for Winnipeg North, resigned as a candidate after the party became aware of withheld social media post which the Conservative Party described as "discriminatory".^[244] On October 4, the party announced that Heather Leung, the candidate for Burnaby North—Seymour, was dropped as reports surfaced of her making anti-LGBTQ comments in a video from 2011.^[245][246] Due to the deadline for naming candidates having passed, her name remained on the ballot.^[247][246] If she were to win, she would not sit in the party's caucus.^[248] Questions were raised as to why it took the party so long to remove her, since she was "a known commodity" when she was nominated.^[249][250] She had made anti-LGBTQ and anti-abortion comments in the past and ignored the media for months.^{[251][250][252]} Her riding association had also been criticized for their controversial social media posts.^[251][246] On October 10, Leung claimed she was misunderstood and that her comments were lost in translation since English is her third language. However, she did not apologize for her comments.^[253]

On July 10, Cyma Musarat, Conservative candidate for Pickering—Uxbridge, faced an allegation from fellow party members that she won her nomination by using improper voting procedures.^[254] The Conservative Party faced an accusation that its headquarters had been delaying the nomination contest to find a different candidate.^[255] From July 24 to September 15, Ghada Melek attracted attention. This conservative candidate for Mississauga—Streetsville, was revealed by former organizers of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party to have been rejected as a candidate in the provincial riding over Twitter posts about Muslim extremism.^[256] National Council of Canadian Muslims had issues over Melek's Twitter posts about Islam and LGBT+ community.^[257] Scheer accepted an apology she issued for her comments.^[258] Later, CTV News obtained her provincial vetting report and her promotion of conspiracy theories was seen as another factor behind her disqualification.^[259] When asked about the provincial party red-flagging Melek, Scheer defended her again.^[260]

On August 22, Scheer faced questions over a 2005 online video in which he spoke against same-sex marriage^[261] Scheer himself did not respond until a press conference a week later where he argued that Trudeau was raising a wedge issue;^[262] Several pundits had an issue with his response.^[263][264] Weeks later, Scheer was asked if he needed to apologize for his comments giving the standards he set for his candidates; however he gave no response.^[265] After Trudeau's apology regarding blackface, Scheer was asked again if he should apologize for his words; he gave no response.^[266][267] Scheer once again chose to not answer the question directly on popular Quebec talk show Tout le monde en parle. He said that he supports the law and the rights of Canadians, but that he will not walk in Pride parades.^[268]

Between August 26 and 30, the Conservatives were questioned on abortion. Alain Rayes, Scheer's Quebec lieutenant, attracted attention after he told a Quebec radio station that he misspoke on the party stance on abortion.^[269] A few days later, Scheer held a press conference, where he addressed the issue. However, his answers were seen as confusing in the media, and anti-abortion activists found his answers to be mixed-messaging.^[270][271] A day later, Scheer said that he and his cabinet would vote against anti-abortion bills if the debate is re-opened.^[272] Scheer reiterated this statement on Tout le monde en parle.^[268] A day after his rivals pushed him to clarify his position during the TVA debate, Scheer mentioned that he was pro-life but reiterated what he said in the past concerning anti-abortion bills.^[273][274]

On September 12, Rachel Wilson, Conservative candidate for York Centre, attracted attention after a video was posted online that called for pro-life legislation.^[275] Wilson did not comment when asked about abortion legislation.^[276] On September 13, Arpan Khanna, Conservative candidate for Brampton North, apologized after it was revealed that he offhandedly used the slur "fag" to tease a friend.^[277] On September 14, Justina McCaffrey, Conservative candidate for Kanata—Carleton, attracted attention for making negative remarks in a video about Justin Trudeau and Francophones, and her relationship with Faith Goldy.^[278] She departed a campaign event when confronted by reporters, but later released a statement apologizing for her comments and later stated that her relationship with Goldy ended a longtime ago.^[278][279] However, there were pictures of the two together in 2017—one of them featured Goldy doing the "OK sign".^{[280][281][282]} Conservative campaign manager Hamish Marshall's past role as a director of Rebel Media was also questioned, since Goldy was an on-screen personality before being fired.^[283][284] On October 7, the Canadian Press discovered that McCaffrey was a member of the controversial religious group Opus Dei. The CPC's spokesperson responded by saying that they do not question their candidates about their personal religious beliefs.^[285]

On September 28, The Globe and Mail revealed that they found no record of Scheer receiving the licence required by law to work as an insurance agent or broker in Saskatchewan despite him claiming so in the past.^{[286][287][288]} Robert Fife, the Ottawa bureau chief for The Globe and Mail, explained that Scheer was an insurance clerk.^[289] Scheer responded by saying that he did receive his accreditation, but that he left the insurance office before the licensing process was finalized.^[288][290] Later, the Insurance Brokers Association of Saskatchewan said that Scheer completed just one of four required courses to become an insurance broker. The IBAS declined to comment further and said that a formal complaint had been launched by Liberal MP Marco Mendicino to the General Insurance Council of Saskatchewan.^[291][292]

On October 3, The Globe and Mail revealed that Scheer had dual Canadian and American citizenship. The latter was obtained through his American-born father.^[293][294] He began the process of renouncing his US citizenship in August.^[294][295] Scheer confirmed that he has filed US tax returns. A party spokesperson added that he let his US passport lapse and that he has not voted in any U.S. election.^[296] The party verified that he is registered for the draft under the U.S. Selective Service System, which is a list of individuals who can be conscripted into the armed forces in the event of a national emergency.^[297][298] When asked why he had not previously disclosed his dual citizenship, Scheer stated that he had never been asked about it.^[299] It was seen as hypocritical since Scheer had attacked former Governor General Michaëlle Jean on this same issue and because the Conservatives had attacked Thomas Mulcair and Stéphane Dion on this issue.^{[293][294][300]} Scheer defended the former by stating that he was asking a question to his constituents and said that he was not leading the party at the time when it came to the latter situation.^[296][301] Over the next days, he refused to explain how he traveled to the United States without a valid U.S. passport. It is against the law for U.S. citizens to do so without a valid U.S. passport.^[302]

On October 11, the CBC filed an application in the Federal Court of Canada against the Conservative party over the use of television excerpts in partisan advertising. They claimed the party's use of excerpts violated the "moral rights" of news anchor Rosemary Barton and reporter John Paul Tasker. The action was brought despite the material having been taken down from websites and deleted from Twitter. The CBC said that it was given no reassurance that such use would not be repeated. The lawsuit says that the use of the material in a partisan way "diminishes the reputation" of the CBC and leaves it open to allegations that it is biased.^{[303][304][305][306]}

On October 14, Scheer ruled out any coalition or negotiations with the Bloc Québécois. He said that he "does not need to work with the Bloc Québécois to deliver results for Quebec" and that he can work with Quebec Premier François Legault to deliver them.^[307][228] On October 16, Scheer said that the party with most seats should have the right to form government.^[308][309] A day later, he stood by his claim and added that is what has happened in modern history.^[310] Journalists pointed out that it was not the case and gave examples such as the 2018 New Brunswick general election and the 2017 British Columbia general election.^{[311][312][313][314]}

On October 18 and 19, The Globe and Mail and CBC News revealed that the Conservative Party hired Warren Kinsella to "seek and destroy" the People's Party.^[315][316] Bernier filed a complaint to Elections Canada over what he called "a secret campaign to smear his party".^[317][318] Scheer did not say or deny that the Conservatives hired a consultant to destroy the PPC.^[319][320]

New Democratic Party

NDP candidates were dropped or stepped down during the course of the campaign. On June 20, Rana Zaman, candidate for Dartmouth—Cole Harbour, was dropped over comments about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict that the party deemed "unacceptable".^[321]

On August 16, Pierre Nantel, candidate for Longueuil—Saint-Hubert, was de-selected after reports surfaced of ongoing discussions regarding Nantel joining the Green Party of Canada.^[322] On September 11, Dock Currie, candidate for Kamloops-Thompson-Cariboo, was forced to resign over "flippant and aggressive" comments he made toward pro-pipeline activists.^[323] The next day, Olivier Mathieu, candidate for Lasalle-Emard-Verdun, stepped down following allegations of physical abuse against his ex-spouse.^[324]

During the election, Jagmeet Singh has faced questions about wearing of a turban and whether that would reduce the number of people who would vote for him. Jonathan Richardson, the former federal NDP's executive member for Atlantic Canada, who defected to the Green Party, stated in an interview with CBC Radio, that some potential NDP candidates were hesitant to run in New Brunswick, due to Singh's turban.^[325] CTV News covered a Singh event in Verner, Ontario and spoke to a number of voters there, including NDP supporters, who said that they would not vote for a leader wearing a turban.^[326] CBC News found a similar reaction in Ruth Ellen Brosseau's riding.^[327] Singh responded to these concerns. He explained some things about his turban and recorded a French ad without it to alleviate people's worries.^[328][329] Furthermore, according to Alexandre Boulerice, the party's Deputy Leader and Quebec lieutenant, the NDP is targeting young voters and they do not care about the turban.^[330]

On October 2, a man told Singh to cut off his turban to look more Canadian during a campaign stop. Singh replied that Canadians "look like all sorts of people" before walking off.^[331][332]

During the campaign, Singh talked about what he would do in a minority. On August 22, due to the controversy over Scheer's previous comments about same-sex marriage, he announced that the NDP would not support a Conservative minority government under any circumstances.^[333] On September 22, Singh announced that despite Trudeau's past brownface and blackface incidents, he would not rule out working with the Liberals in a minority scenario.^[334] On October 10, he laid out the conditions for NDP support in a minority Parliament: a national single-payer universal pharmacare plan, a national dental care plan, investments in housing, a plan to waive interest on student loans, a commitment to reduce emissions, to end subsidies for oil companies and to deliver aid to oilpatch workers to transition them out of fossil fuel industries, the introduction of a "super wealth" tax, a commitment to closing tax loopholes and reducing cellphone bills. He later added that changing the way the country votes is also a condition (Singh's NDP backs a system of mixed-member proportional representation).^[335][336] He added that he does not rule out supporting a pipeline-owning Liberal minority government.^[337] On October 13, Singh said he would "do whatever it takes" to keep the Tories from power, including forming a coalition government with the Liberals. He added that he is "ready to work with anyone", when he was asked about the Bloc.^[338][339] The following day, Singh backed off those comments and urged Canadians to vote NDP in order to receive services like universal pharmacare and dental care.^{[228][340][341]} Later, Singh said that coalition is not a dirty word and doubled down on his view that under no circumstance would his party support the Conservatives in a minority.^[342]

Bloc Québécois

On August 9, André Parizeau, Bloc candidate for Ahuntsic-Cartierville, created attention over his past communist affiliations as Leader of the Parti communiste du Québec (PCQ).^[343] Parizeau disavowed the PCQ in order to be accepted as candidate.^[344]

In October, the Bloc Québécois called on Quebeckers to vote for candidates "who resemble you" (" des gens qui nous ressemblent ") in the election, prompting NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh to denounce the message as unacceptable and divisive. In his closing statement during Wednesday's French-language debate, Bloc Leader Yves-François Blanchet called on voters to "opt for men and women who resemble you, who share your values, who share your concerns and who work for your interests, and only for the interests of Quebeckers." The Bloc has said the comment has nothing to do with someone's background or religion but with Québécois values.^{[345][346][347][348]} During the English debate, Blanchet called the translation of his words dishonest and mentioned that the same words were used by Igniatieff in 2011 and Mulcair in 2015.^[349]

On October 10, Le Journal de Montréal discovered that four BQ candidates had made anti-Islam and racist social media posts.^[350][351] A Bloc spokeswoman said it was up to Quebeckers to judge its candidates' social-media posts.^[351] The comments were condemned by Elizabeth May, Jagmeet Singh, Mélanie Joly and Françoise David.^[352] Later, the candidates all posted the same apology on their respective social media accounts and Yves-François Blanchet apologized for his candidates' Islamophobic and racist social media posts.^[353][354]

On October 13, Blanchet announced that they will not support a coalition or a party in a minority scenario. The Bloc will go issue by issue and support what is best for Quebec.^[355][356]

Green Party

Several GPC candidates were dropped or stepped down during the course of the campaign. On July 23, Brock Grills, Green candidate for Peterborough—Kawartha, stepped down for "personal reasons". Grills was accused of fraud by a former employer but he and the EDA president stated that accusation was not the reason behind his stepping down. Grills, who repeated his reasoning, also mentioned the Green Party central office "pushed" for his resignation because he was reaching out to other parties to ask them to adopt policies to curb climate change.^[357] On August 16, Luc Saint-Hilaire, Green candidate for Lévis—Lotbinière, was forced to resign because of a Facebook post demanding Boufeldja Benabdallah, co-founder of the Centre Culturel Islamique de Québec, to denounce a man who allegedly lit his ex-wife on fire.^[358] On September 12, Erik Schomann, Green candidate for Simcoe North, resigned over a 2007 Facebook post which appeared to suggest he wanted to mail pieces of a pig carcass to Muslims in support of the protesters during the Muhammed comic controversy.^[359] On October 7, Marthe Lépine, candidate in Glengarry—Prescott—Russell, was dropped over anti-abortion comments; however, as the party missed the deadline to remove her from the ballot, she remained despite being disavowed.^[360]

On September 9, the Green Party issued a statement insisting that there is "zero chance" of reopening the abortion debate; few hours after May stated the Green Party will not ban members from trying to reopen abortion debate in an interview.^[361] May later added that MPs risk being ousted if they move to reopen the debate.^[362] From September 10 to 16, attention was focused on Pierre Nantel, the candidate for Longueuil—Saint-Hubert. He created this attention over his comments about Québec separatism on a Quebec radio station. May disputed that Nantel was a Quebec sovereigntist, but Nantel contradicted her afterwards.^[363] However, May stated he could be still be a candidate.^[142] Some journalists and columnists were confused by her reasoning for keeping him as a candidate.^[364][365] Furthermore, May was asked by the son of the late Jack Layton to not use the latter for political points when defending Nantel.^[366] On September 10, Mark Vercouteren, the candidate for Chatham-Kent-Leamington, and Macarena Diab, the candidate for Louis-Hébert were revealed to have made "anti-abortion statements".^[367] A spokesperson defended both of them but a few days later, it was revealed by May that Vercoutern was being "re-vetted" over the party not noticing Vercouteren's questionnaires.^[142] A week after the original comments were revealed, Vercouteren stated his view aligned with the party.^[368] On September 12, Dale Dewar, Green candidate for Regina—Qu'Appelle, apologized for making past negative comments on social media about Israel, Zionism and Israelis.^[369]

On October 15, the Green Party found anti-Islam social-media posts by four of its Quebec candidates.^[370][371]

Starting on September 23, the GPC drew scrutiny around the world for manipulating a picture of Elizabeth May to make it seem as if she was using a reusable cup and metal straw instead of a disposable cup.^{[372][373][374]} When she was on Tout le monde en parle, May clarified that the original photo featured a compostable cup; the picture was modified to add the GPC's logo. She did admit that it was ridiculous that a staffer modified the picture.^[375]

Leading up to and during the campaign, May talked about what she would do in a minority. On September 3, she announced that she would not be prepared to prop up any minority government of the major parties given current climate plans.^[376] Later, on September 26, May announced that the GPC would not prop up a minority government that moves forward with the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion.^[377] In the final week of the campaign, the idea of a coalition took hold. May said that in countries with proportional representation, parties can plan to govern together before the election, but that in Canada such talk is "meaningless" due to the first-past-the-post system.^[378][379]

People's Party

In February 2019, LaPresse discovered that Martin Masse, the PPC's spokesperson, had written controversial blog posts in the past.^[380] The Star discovered that four members of the PPC had used racist and anti-immigrant rhetoric. They were removed from the party as a result.^[381][382] Bernier himself has been accused multiple times of using dog-whistle politics.^{[383][382][384]} Bernier responded to this by saying racists are not welcome in his party and acknowledging that Canada is a diverse country.^[385][382] Later, Maxime Bernier generated a reaction after a photograph of him with members of an anti-immigration group surfaced online.^[386][387] Bernier told the media that everyone is welcome at his events, that he is unaware of their views, that he would condemn them if the media could show that they were racists and that racists were not welcome in his party, but experts were skeptical of Bernier and thought that he was well aware of who was attending.^[387] A few weeks later, he was also reprimanded for being photographed with Paul Fromm. A spokesperson stated that Bernier had no idea who Fromm was, but once again experts were skeptical of the explanation.^{[388][389][390]} On September 23, news sites revealed that one of the PPC's founding members was a White nationalist and two others had ties to Anti-immigration groups.^[391][392] One of those founding members—a former American neo-Nazi leader—was volunteering for the party. He was also a member of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party.^[393] He was removed from the party on August 29, after his past came to light.^[394] The PPC's spokesperson said that it did not come up during the vetting process since he came from the US. They later cited to Global News that his removal was an example of the Party taking a stand against racism.^[391] The party told Le Devoir that they did not have enough resources to vet them at the beginning of the PPC 's formation and the two other members denied having racist views.^[395]

On July 30, Cody Payant, People's candidate for Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek, attracted attention for a social media post defending Lindsay Shepherd. Payant argue that it was taken out of context. Bernier defended Payant after he spoke to Payant and was satisfied with his explanation.^[396]

On September 2, Maxime Bernier called Greta Thunberg "mentally unstable" on Twitter.^[397] A few days later, he backtracked his comments stating his intention was to criticize her role as "a spokesperson for climate alarmism" and did not mean to denigrate her.^[398] After the campaign, Bernier classified these comments as his only election regret and as a mistake.^[399]

On September 18, Steven Fletcher, People's candidate for Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley, denied allegations for illegally using campaign signs and voter data from the Conservative Party. Fletcher also suggested that the move was political motivated from the Conservative and took issues to the fact that the letter was leaked online.^[400] On September 19, 2019, Nancy Mercier, People's candidate for Beauséjour, raised concern from local organizations over comments about Islamism and immigration Mercier indicated her concerns are with Islamic terrorism and not members of any race.^[401] On October 10, Sybil Hogg, the candidate for Sackville-Preston-Chezzetcook, came under fire for a series of anti-Islam tweets calling Islam "pure evil" and for the religion to be banned in Canada. The PPC's executive director reached out to her to understand the context and Hogg explained that she failed to draw the distinction between "Islam" and "Islamism" or "radical Islam". She added that her concern was radical Islam and not Islam. Due to the response, the PPC said they would not take action against her. Later, Bernier called the tweets "absolutely racist and Islamophobic" and confirmed that she will not face consequences.^{[402][403][404]}

Several candidates were dropped or stepped down before the election. On September 6, Ken Pereira, People's candidate for Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier, stepped down because of a "terrible family tragedy". When announced as the candidate, Pereira had attracted attention for his online "anti-vaccine" and "pro-conspiracy theory" posts and was defended by the party.^[405] On September 12, Brian Misera, People's candidate for Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam, claimed that he was removed for asking Bernier to denounce racism more clearly in an online video posted on Misera's Twitter account. However, the PPC stated that Misera was removed after he allegedly admitted to the party that he was his own financial agent, a violation of Elections Canada rules.^[277] Yet a statement of Misera's disqualification obtained by City News made no reference to the PPC's claim or Misera's claim.^[406] On September 30, Chad Hudson, People's Party candidate for the Nova Scotia riding of West Nova, tweeted that he would no longer be running for the party, less than two hours before Elections Canada's deadline for candidates to officially register to be on the ballot. He criticized the party and its leadership for being "divisive", as well as "bad for democracy" and contributors to the "toxic state of politics". Hudson, later admitted that he did not notify the party of his decision.^[407] On October 8, Victor Ong the People's Party of Canada candidate in Winnipeg North resigned after deciding the party is "racist and intolerant".^[408][409]

Third-party organizations

On August 19, environmental groups were warned by Elections Canada that any third party that promotes information about climate change during the election period with paid advertising could be engaging in partisan activity.^[410] Registered charities with a charitable tax status would be required to register as a third party for the election if they engaged in any partisan activity incurring $500, which would include advertising and surveys, or risk their charitable tax status.^[411] These regulations were a result of People's Party of Canada leader Maxime Bernier expressing doubts about the legitimacy of climate change, because a third party that advertises the dangers of climate change during the election period may be considered to be indirectly advocating against the People's Party.^[411] After confusion about the warning, Elections Canada released a public statement to clarify that the prohibition applied only to advertising, not speech in general the following day.^[412]

On August 25, billboards purchased by a True North Strong & Free Advertising Corp., a third party promoting the People's Party of Canada's immigration policy, with the text "Say NO to Mass Immigration" appeared in Vancouver, Calgary, Regina, and Halifax. True North Strong & Free Advertising Corp is run by Frank Smeenk, the chief executive of a Toronto-based mining exploration company. The Peoples Party of Canada told the media that it had no contact with the group.^[413] Initially, Pattison Outdoor Advertising defended the billboards, arguing that they complied with the Advertising Standards Canada Code^[414] but later decided to pull them and said that they would review their protocols on advocacy advertising.^[415] The Pattison president later revealed that the billboards would have stayed up had True North Strong & Free identified themselves on the billboards and how the public could get in touch with them.^[416]

On October 3, the CBC revealed that the Manning Centre is a driving financial force behind a network of anti-Liberal Facebook pages pumping out political messaging and memes during the federal election campaign.^[417][418] Facebook pulled one of their ads due to the excess violence.^[419] The Manning Centre's donations to those groups, worth more than $300,000, are hidden, since the think tank, which did not register as a third party, does not intend to disclose them. Elections Canada says there is nothing in the law to prevent outside groups from raising money and then passing those donations along to third-party advertisers.^[420][421] As a result of this lack of disclosure, Democracy Watch filed a complaint to Canada's Chief Electoral Officer. It argued that the Manning Centre should have registered as a third party.^[22][422] Furthermore, due to this controversy, Jean-Pierre Kingsley, the former chief electoral officer, said that the next federal government must close the gap in the law that allowed the Manning Centre to raise money and then pass it along to third-party groups without disclosing the source of those donations.^[423]

Third-party spending (from June 30, 2019, until October 1, 2019)^[22][j]

Third party[k]	Money spent during the pre-election period	Money spent during the election campaign
Unifor	$923,417	$365,963
United Steelworkers	$739,548	$142,419
Fairness Works	$551,987	N/A
Friends of Canadian Broadcasting	$211,615	$329,372
Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions	$8,475	$412,606
Canadians United for Change	$51,557	$292,464
Canadian Medical Association	$221,709	$86,971
Grain Farmers of Ontario	$167,800	$71,250
Canadian Union of Postal Workers	$151,196	$42,225
Canada Proud	$96,677	$95,438

Platforms

2019 Canada election – issues and respective party platforms

Issue	BQ	Conservative	Green	Liberal	NDP	PPC
Business	Eliminate subsidies for fossil fuel businesses.[424]	Eliminate subsidies for fossil fuel businesses.[424] Eliminate subsidies for private media companies.[425] For every new regulation imposed, eliminate two existing regulations.[424]	Eliminate subsidies for fossil fuel businesses.[424]	Eliminate subsidies for fossil fuel businesses.[424]	Eliminate subsidies for fossil fuel businesses.[424]	Eliminate all subsidies for businesses.[426] Eliminate funding for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC).[427]
Crown corporations		Privatize the Trans Mountain pipeline.[428]	Increase funding for the CBC.[429]		Increase funding for the CBC.[429]	Privatize the Trans Mountain pipeline.[430] Privatize Canada Post.[431] Privatize the CBC.[427]
Deficit		Balance the budget in five years.[424]	Balance the budget in five years.[424]	Balance the budget in twenty-one years.[432]	Oppose the use of any austerity measures in pursuit of a balanced budget.[433]	Balance the budget in two years.[434]
Education		Increase federal RESP contributions from 20% to 30%.[435]	Fully fund the cost of university tuition.[435] Forgive federal student debts.[435]		Remove interest from federal student loans.[435]
Elections			Replace Canada's electoral system with Proportional Representation.[436] Lower the voting age from 18 to 16.[437]		Replace Canada's electoral system with Proportional Representation.[438]
Energy	Oppose all pipeline construction.[424]	Support the construction of the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion[439] Support the construction of the Northern Gateway pipeline.[440] Repeal Impact Assessment Act and Canadian Energy Regulator Act.[441] Repeal Oil Tanker Moratorium Act.[424]	Oppose all pipeline construction.[442] Ban fracking.[424] Stop all new fossil fuel projects.[424]	Support the construction of the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion.[443] Oppose the construction of the Northern Gateway pipeline.[444]	Oppose all pipeline construction.[445]	Repeal Impact Assessment Act and Canadian Energy Regulator Act.[430] Repeal Oil Tanker Moratorium Act.[430] Invoke section 92(10) of the constitution to declare pipelines in the national interest.[430]
Environment	Ban neonicotinoid pesticides.[424]	Cut corporate income taxes from 15% to 5% for green technology businesses.[424] Ban the dumping of raw sewage into waterways.[424] Require heavy emitters to invest in clean technology.[424] Create a green-technology patent tax credit.[424]	Ban neonicotinoid pesticides.[424] Protect 30% of Canada's land and water by 2030.[424] Ban non-renewable electricity sources by 2030.[424]	Cut corporate income taxes from 15% to 7.5% for businesses selling zero-emission products.[424] Protect 25% of Canada's land and water by 2025.[424] Plant two billion trees by 2029.[424] Ban some single use plastics.[424]	Protect 30% of Canada's land and water by 2030.[424] Ban some single use plastics.[424] Ban non-renewable electricity sources by 2030.[424]	Eliminate subsidies for green technology.[446] Increase funding for climate change adaptation.[446]
Firearms	Ban individuals with firearm licenses from owning handguns.[425]	Classify firearms through legislation based on mechanical features and remove the RCMP's power to reclassify firearms.[447] Repeal Bill C-71.[448] Extend background checks on firearm licenses from five years to life.[449]	Ban individuals with firearm licenses from owning semi-automatic firearms.[450] Ban individuals with firearm licenses from owning handguns.[450]	Allow municipalities to ban individuals with firearm licenses from owning handguns.[451] Ban individuals with firearm licenses from owning AR-15s.[451]	Allow municipalities to ban individuals with firearm licenses from owning handguns.[452]	Classify firearms through legislation based on mechanical features and remove the RCMP's power to reclassify firearms.[453] Make firearm licenses permanent.[453]
Foreign	End ties to the British monarchy.[425]	Withdraw from the United Nations Compact on Migration.[454] Recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.[455] End the practice of using foreign aid money to fund abortions.[456] Ban Huawei from participating in Canada's 5G networks.[429] Withdraw Canada's $250 million contributions to China's Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.[429] Stop sending foreign aid to countries with a Human Development Index over 0.6, which will reduce the foreign aid budget by 25%.[429] Classify the Iran Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organization.[429]	Stop selling weapons to Saudi Arabia.[429] Increase foreign aid spending to 0.7% of gross national income.[429] Sign and ratify The Treaty to Abolish Nuclear Weapons.[429] Re-establish the Canadian International Development Agency.[429] Increase funding to the Green Climate Fund and Global Environmental Facility to $4 billion per year.[429]	Increase foreign aid spending to 0.7% of gross national income.[429] Increase funding for the United Nations.[429]	Stop selling weapons to Saudi Arabia.[429] Increase foreign aid spending to 0.7 per cent of gross national income.[429]	Withdraw from the United Nations Compact on Migration.[457] Withdraw from the United Nations Paris Agreement on Climate Change.[457] Stop pursuing a seat on the UN Security Council.[458] Reduce annual foreign aid spending by $5 billion.[427]
Health		Increase healthcare funding by at least 3% per year.[424]	Introduce government funding for prescription medications.[424] Introduce government funding for dental care for low-income individuals.[424]	Increase healthcare funding by at least 3% per year.[424]	Introduce government funding for prescription medications.[459] Introduce government funding for dental care.[459]
Housing	Increase funding for social housing in Quebec.[435]	Increase the amortization period for insured mortgages to 30 years for first-time buyers.[435]	Appoint a Minister of Housing.[435] Eliminate the first-time home buyer incentive.[435]	Increase the amount first-time homebuyers are allowed to withdraw from their RRSPs from $25,000 to $35,000.[435]	Build 500,000 social housing units.[435] Fund up to $5,000 in rental subsidies for 500,000 low-income households.[435]
Labour	Ban government workers in positions of authority from wearing visible religious symbols while working.[425]		Raise the federal minimum wage to $15.[424] Ban non-credit unpaid internships.[424]	Raise the federal minimum wage to $15.[424]	Raise the federal minimum wage to $15.[424] Ban non-credit unpaid internships.[424]
Legal		Increase funding for the Youth Gang Prevention Fund by 25%.[429] Impose a mandatory prison sentence of five years for possession of a smuggled firearm.[429] Impose a prison sentence of up to fourteen years for diverting firearms into the hands of criminals.[429] Require individuals on parole to cut ties with gangs.[429] List crime and gang organizations in the Criminal Code.[429] Impose a mandatory prison sentence of five-year sentence for ordering or participating in violent criminal activity.[429] Impose a mandatory prison sentence for directing gang crime.[429] Start a judicial inquiry into the SNC-Lavalin scandal.[429] Enable the RCMP to seek access information protected by cabinet confidence by making an application to the Supreme Court of Canada.[429]	Decriminalize all drug possession.[460] Eliminate mandatory minimum sentences.[429] End solitary confinement in prisons.[429] Ban consensual sexuality conversion therapy.[429] Legalize prostitution.[429]	Provide free legal aid to survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence. Only appoint bilingual Supreme Court judges.[429] Establish an independent Criminal Case Review Commission to review wrongfully convicted applications.[429] Require all judges to undertake mandatory training on sexual assault law.[429] Require judges to take training about unconscious bias and cultural competency for all judges.[429] Make drug treatment court the default sentence for first-time offenders charged exclusively with drug possession.[429] Ban consensual sexuality conversion therapy.[429]	Expunge the criminal records of people guilty of minor cannabis possession.[429] Implement a national ban on carding.[461] Only appoint bilingual Supreme Court judges.[429] Appoint Supreme Court judges to represent Quebec.[429] Ban consensual sexuality conversion therapy for minors.[429]
Immigration	Eliminate the Safe Third Country agreement to allow Americans to apply for refugee status in Canada.[424] Give Quebec control over its immigration policies.[435] Exempt Quebec from the Multiculturalism Act.[424]	Prevent American residents from applying for asylum or refugee status in Canada.[462]	Eliminate the Safe Third Country agreement to allow Americans to apply for refugee status in Canada.[424] Eliminate the Temporary Foreign Workers Program and replace it with more permanent immigrants.[435]	Increase the number of new immigrants from 310,000 per year to 350,000 per year by 2021.[463]	Eliminate the Safe Third Country agreement to allow Americans to apply for refugee status in Canada.[424] Eliminate the cap on sponsoring parents and grandparents.[435]	Reduce the number of new immigrants from 310,000 per year to 150,000 per year.[464] Increase the proportion of economic immigrants.[465] End reliance on UN for refugee selection.[464] Repeal the Multiculturalism Act.[466] End all funding to promote multiculturalism.[466] Require new immigrants to pass a test about Canadian values.[466] Declare the whole border an official port of entry to end exemptions for illegal border crossers.[466] Ban birth tourism.[435]
Indigenous	Implement UNDRIP.[424]	Appoint a minister for "consulting Indigenous rights holders."[424]	Implement UNDRIP.[424] Repeal and replace the Indian Act.[424]	Implement UNDRIP.[424]	Implement UNDRIP.[424]	Repeal and replace the Indian Act.[467]
Military		Seek to join the U.S. ballistic missile defence system.[429]	Do not use autonomous weapons.[429]		Reinstate the veteran disability pension as previously provided by the Pension Act.[468]
Provinces and Territories	Seek sovereignty for Quebec.[469] Merge Quebec's federal and provincial tax returns into one tax return.[435]	Appoint a Minister of Internal Trade.[435] Eliminate interprovincial trade restrictions.[435] Merge Quebec's federal and provincial tax returns into one tax return.[435]			Allow unions to initiate trade disputes.[435]	Appoint a Minister of Internal Trade.[435] Reduce equalization payments.[427] Eliminate federal funding for areas under provincial jurisdiction.[427] Use section 91(2) of the constitution to eliminate interprovincial trade restrictions.[470]
Senate		Appoint senators who are members of the Conservative Party of Canada.[471]		Appoint independent senators.[472]	Abolish the Senate.[473]
Speech		Withhold grants from universities that refuse to allow free speech on campus.[474]				Withhold grants from universities that refuse to allow free speech on campus.[475] Repeal M-103.[475] Repeal C-16.[475]
Taxation (Business)	Implement a 3% tax on revenue from online services.[435]	Expand the small business tax rate to businesses with more than $50,000 in annual passive income.[476] Exempt spouses from taxes on split income.[476] Implement a 3% tax on revenue from online services of businesses that have one billion dollars of revenue worldwide and $50 million of revenue in Canada.[435]	Increase the corporate income tax from 15% to 21%.[424] Increase the corporate income tax for banks from 15% to 26%.[429] Implement a robot tax.[435] Implement a 3% tax on revenue from online services of businesses that have one billion dollars of revenue worldwide and $40 million of revenue in Canada.[435]	Implement a 3% tax on revenue from online services of businesses that have one billion dollars of revenue worldwide and $40 million of revenue in Canada.[435]	Increase the corporate income tax from 15% to 18%.[435]	Reduce the corporate income tax rate from 15% to 10%.[477] Extend the Accelerated Capital Cost Allowance to all sectors.[435]
Taxation (Personal)	Implement a tax credit for recent graduates or immigrants who move to rural areas and work there.[424]	Eliminate the carbon tax.[478] Reduce the 15% income tax bracket to 13.75%.[424] Make EI benefits for new parents non taxable.[424] Implement a 15% public transit pass tax credit.[435] Implement a children's fitness and arts tax credit.[424] Eliminate GST from residential energy bills.[435] Lower the number of hours required for the volunteer firefighter supplies tax credit from 200 to 150.[435] Increase the adoption expense tax credit to $20,000 and make it fully refundable.[429]	Remove exemptions from the carbon tax. Apply the entire carbon tax to all industries.[479] Implement a wealth tax.[435] Implement a tax on sugary drinks.[435] Implement a 0.2% tax on financial transactions.[429] Exempt medicinal cannabis from sales tax.[435] Exempt zero-emission vehicles from sales tax.[435]	Raise the carbon tax by $10/tonne every year until it reaches $50/tonne.[480] Raise the basic personal income tax deduction to $15,000.[424] Implement a speculation tax on houses bought by non-residents.[435] Implement a 10% tax on personal vehicles valued at $100,000 or more.[435]	Remove exemptions from the carbon tax. Apply the entire carbon tax to all industries.[481] Raise the capital gains inclusion from 50% to 75%.[424] Raise the 33% income tax bracket to 35%.[424] Implement a 1% wealth tax on wealth over $20,000,000.[424] Implement a 15% tax on houses purchased by foreign buyers.[435] Implement a 12% tax on personal vehicles valued at $100,000 or more.[435]	Eliminate the carbon tax.[482] Abolish the capital gains tax.[483] Raise personal federal exemption to $15,000[484] Replace the current income tax brackets with two tax brackets. Tax income between $15,001 and $100,000 at 15% and income over $100,000 at 25%.[484] Eliminate the federal sales tax.[485]
Trade		Ban the import of crude oil from Saudi Arabia.[486]	Remove the Investor-State Dispute Settlement provisions from trade agreements.[429]	Attempt to negotiate a free trade agreement with China.[487]		Eliminate supply management for dairy, poultry[488] and eggs.

Misinformation

During the Maclean's debate, Scheer said that refugees were "jumping the queue". Journalists called this a false statement and one expert explained that "there is no queue".^[489][490]

On September 17, 2019, Brock Harrison, Scheer's director of communication, and the CPC tweeted that the RCMP had confirmed Trudeau was under investigation for SNC-Lavalin. Scheer himself also repeated the allegation. Both tweets were removed after journalists deemed it to be false.^[491][492]

A claim was circulating online that Bill Morneau was related to RCMP Commissioner Brenda Lucki through her husband, which is what was stopping the RCMP investigation regarding SNC-Lavalin. The claim is false; Lucki's husband is not related to Morneau.^[493][494] Furthermore, there has been no confirmation that there is an RCMP investigation.^[491][492]

The Buffalo Chronicle, an American fake news website, promoted a false rumour about a sex scandal that supposedly resulted in Justin Trudeau's departure from West Point Grey Academy.^[495][496] The rumour was propagated by other fake news websites, gossip magazines, Warren Kinsella and Ezra Levant. On October 7, 2019, the Conservatives issued a press release referencing the rumour and asking "why did Justin Trudeau leave West Point Grey Academy?". The Toronto Star and The Globe and Mail devoted multiple reporters to the story and found nothing to corroborate it. The former headmaster also released a statement that said "there is no truth to any speculation that [Trudeau] was dismissed".^[497][498]

During the campaign, the NDP claimed Bill Morneau had used tax-havens when he was the executive chair of Morneau Shepell, which was proven false. A probe by Canadians for Tax Fairness found that Morneau Shepell's subsidiary in the Bahamas was a legitimate business and not a way to avoid taxes.^[499] The NDP retracted the statement a few weeks after the campaign had ended.^[500]

Leaders' debates

Main article: Canadian leaders' debates § 2019 debates

2019 Canadian general election debates
Date	Organizers	Location	Language	Moderator	P  Participant  A  Absent invitee  N  Non-invitee						Source
					Liberals	Conservatives	NDP	Green	Bloc	People's
September 12, 2019	Maclean's and Citytv	Toronto	English	Paul Wells	A	P Scheer	P Singh	P May	N	N	[501][502]
October 1, 2019	Munk Debates	Roy Thomson Hall, Toronto	Bilingual	Rudyard Griffiths	Cancelled [l]						[503][504]
October 2, 2019	TVA	Montreal	French	Pierre Bruneau	P Trudeau	P Scheer	P Singh	N	P Blanchet	N	[505]
October 7, 2019	Leaders' Debates Commission	Canadian Museum of History, Gatineau	English	Rosemary Barton, Susan Delacourt, Dawna Friesen, Lisa LaFlamme, Althia Raj	P Trudeau	P Scheer	P Singh	P May	P Blanchet	P Bernier	[506][145][507]
October 10, 2019	Leaders' Debates Commission	Canadian Museum of History, Gateau	French	Patrice Roy	P Trudeau	P Scheer	P Singh	P May	P Blanchet	P Bernier	[506][507]
October 16, 2019	University of Ottawa	Ottawa	English		Cancelled [m]						[508]

Opinion polls

Main articles: Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election and Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election by constituency

Evolution of voting intentions according to polls conducted during campaign period of the 2019 Canadian federal election, graphed from the data in the table below. Trendlines are local regressions, with polls weighted by proximity in time and a logarithmic function of sample size. 95% confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the trendlines, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals.

Evolution of voting intentions during the pre-campaign period of the 43rd Canadian federal election. Trendlines are local regressions, with polls weighted by proximity in time and a logarithmic function of sample size. 95% confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the regressions, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals. Source code for plot generation is available here.^[509]

Results

See also: Results of the 2019 Canadian federal election and Results of the 2019 Canadian federal election by riding

Popular vote by province, with graphs indicating the number of seats won within that province or territory. (Because seats are awarded by the popular vote in each riding, the provincial popular vote does not necessarily translate to more seats.)

With 157, the Liberals won a plurality of seats in the House of Commons, allowing them to form a government albeit short of the majority government that they had won in 2015.

The Liberals, under incumbent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau won the highest number of seats, at 157, allowing them to form a minority government.^[3] The Conservatives under Andrew Scheer remained the Official Opposition and, with 121 seats, formed the largest opposition caucus in Canadian history.^[510][n] The Bloc Québécois won 32 seats under Yves-François Blanchet, the party's best result since 2008, and regained official party status after losing it in 2011, while the New Democratic Party under Jagmeet Singh was reduced to 24 seats, its worst results since 2004. The Greens saw its best result in the party's history, winning 3 seats, while independent MP Jody Wilson-Raybould was re-elected in the riding of Vancouver Granville and became the first independent to win a seat since 2008. The newly created People's Party, meanwhile, lost its only seat, with party leader Maxime Bernier losing re-election in the riding of Beauce. Aside from Bernier, every major party leader was able to secure election to the House of Commons.

Marking the first time in Canadian history that no single party received more than 35% of the popular vote,^[2][511] the Conservatives won 34.41% of the popular vote, a plurality of the vote despite finishing 36 seats behind the Liberals, who won 33.07% of the vote. The NDP placed third in the popular vote at 15.98%, the party's worst performance since 2004, while the Bloc Québécois came in fourth with 7.69% of the popular vote, its best performance since 2008; as the Bloc Québécois vote is concentrated entirely in Quebec, however, the party placed ahead of the NDP in terms of seats despite winning less than half of the party's vote. The Greens placed fifth with 6.55% of the popular vote, while the People's Party received 1.64% in its inaugural election.^[512]

Liberal strength was predominantly concentrated in Eastern Canada and British Columbia. In Ontario, the Liberals won 79 of the province's 121 seats, with a particularly strong showing in the Golden Horseshoe, where the party was not only able to fend off expected challenges from the Conservatives and the NDP but gain the Conservative-held ridings of Kitchener—Conestoga and Milton. In Quebec, the party won 35 of the province's 78 seats, with gains from the NDP (specifically the ridings of Hochelaga, Laurier—Sainte-Marie, Outremont, and Sherbrooke) offsetting losses to the Bloc Québécois, and with the party doing particularly well on the Island of Montreal where they got their best result since 1980. In Atlantic Canada, the Liberals won 26 out of the region's 32 seats, sweeping Prince Edward Island and winning all but a single seat in both Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova Scotia. In Western Canada, the party won only 15 of the region's 104 seats, winning 11 seats in British Columbia and 4 in Manitoba and being shut out of Alberta and Saskatchewan for the first time since 2011 and 1988, respectively. The best Liberal showing in Canada's west was in British Columbia, where they won 11 out of 42 seats. The Liberals also won two of the three territories, Yukon and the Northwest Territories.^{[513][514][515][o]}

Conservative strength was predominantly concentrated in Western Canada, particularly in Alberta and Saskatchewan, where the party won all but one of the 48 seats between the two provinces. In British Columbia the Conservatives won 17 of the province's 42 seats, while in Manitoba the party won half the province's 14 seats, with the remainder split between the Liberals and NDP. The Conservatives increased their vote share in every district in three of those provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba). However, it only resulted in a net gain of 10 seats. In Ontario the party won 36 out of the province's 121 seats, an increase of three seats compared to 2015, with losses to the Liberals in the Golden Horseshoe being offset by gains from the Liberals and NDP elsewhere in the province, though Ontario was nevertheless only one of two provinces where the Conservatives saw their share of the popular vote decrease compared to 2015. In Quebec, the second province where the Conservatives won a lower share of the popular vote than they did in 2015, the party won 10 of the province's 78 seats. In Atlantic Canada, the party was able to win 4 of the region's 32 seats after having been shut out entirely in 2015, winning 3 in New Brunswick and a single seat in Nova Scotia, though the party remained shut out of Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island.^{[513][516][517]}

Only running in Quebec, the Bloc Québécois won 32 of the province's 78 seats, with the party doing particularly well in the Greater Montreal Area.^[515][o] Gaining seats from the Conservatives, Liberals, and in particular the NDP, compared to 2015 the party saw its share of the vote increase in all but one of the province's 78 seats, the one exception being the Montreal riding of Laurier—Sainte-Marie, where the party ran a candidate other than former party leader Gilles Duceppe for the first time in its history.^[514][518]

With 11 seats in British Columbia and 6 seats in Ontario, the two provinces accounted for a majority of the NDP's 24 seats,^[515][o] though in both provinces the party lost ground compared to 2015: in British Columbia, the party lost the ridings of Kootenay—Columbia and Port Moody—Coquitlam to the Conservatives and Nanaimo—Ladysmith to the Greens, while in Ontario the party lost Essex and Windsor—Tecumseh to the Conservatives and Liberals, respectively. In Manitoba, the party won 3 of the province's 14 seats, picking up a single seat from the Liberals, while in each of Alberta, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Nunavut the party won a single seat, gaining the latter riding for the first time since 1980.^[519] In Alberta, Heather McPherson managed to hold the riding of Edmonton Strathcona following Linda Duncan's retirement, becoming the only non-Conservative MP in the province,^[520][521] while in Newfoundland and Labrador, Jack Harris returned to parliament after having been defeated in 2015, becoming the party's only MP in Atlantic Canada.^[512] In Quebec, only eight years after the Orange Wave saw the party win 59 of the province's then-75 seats, the NDP won just one of the province's 78 seats—the seat of Deputy Leader Alexandre Boulerice—as a result of losses to both the Bloc Québécois and the Liberals, with prominent MPs Ruth Ellen Brosseau, Guy Caron, and Matthew Dubé losing re-election and the party suffering its worst performance since 2008.^{[522][523][518]}

In addition to party leader Elizabeth May being re-elected, the Greens held the Vancouver Island riding of Nanaimo—Ladysmith, previously won from the NDP in a by-election earlier in the year, and gained the New Brunswick riding of Fredericton from the Liberals, marking the first time the party has won a seat outside of British Columbia.^[524] With three seats total, the election marked the best performance in the party's history, with May declaring on election night that the party's results marked "the best election result that any Green Party in any first past-the-post system has ever had."^[525]

Summary of the 2019 Canadian federal election – Elections Canada

Party		Party leader	Candidates	Seats					Popular vote
				2015	Dissol.	2019	% change from dissolution	% seats	Votes	Vote change	%	pp change	% where running
	Liberal	Justin Trudeau	338	184	177	157	−11.30%	46.45%	6,018,728	−924,209	33.12%	−6.34pp	33.12%
	Conservative	Andrew Scheer	338[p]	99	95	121	+27.37%	35.80%	6,239,227	+625,594	34.34%	+2.43pp	34.34%
	Bloc Québécois	Yves-François Blanchet	78	10	10	32	+220.00%	9.47%	1,387,030	+565,886	7.63%	+2.97pp	32.37%
	New Democratic	Jagmeet Singh	338	44	39	24	−38.46%	7.10%	2,903,722	−565,646	15.98%	−3.74pp	15.98%
	Green	Elizabeth May	338[q]	1	2	3	+50.00%	0.89%	1,189,607	+586,674	6.55%	+3.12pp	6.55%
	Independent and No Affiliation		125	0	8[r]	1	−87.50%	0.30%	74,291	+24,675	0.41%	+0.13pp	1.51%
	People's	Maxime Bernier	315	—	1	0	−100.00%	0.00%	294,092	*	1.62%	*	1.70%
	Christian Heritage	Rod Taylor	51	0	0	0			18,901	+3,669	0.10%	+0.02pp	0.70%
	Rhinoceros	Sébastien CoRhino	39	0	0	0			9,538	+2,275	0.05%	+0.01pp	0.45%
	Libertarian	Tim Moen	24	0	0	0			8,367	−28,408	0.05%	−0.16pp	0.60%
	Veterans Coalition	Randy David Joy	25	—	0	0			6,300	*	0.03%	*	0.45%
	Animal Alliance	Liz White	17	0	0	0			4,408	+2,709	0.02%	+0.01pp	0.44%
	Marxist–Leninist	Anna Di Carlo	50	0	0	0			4,124	−4,714	0.02%	−0.03pp	0.15%
	Communist	Elizabeth Rowley	30	0	0	0			3,905	−488	0.02%	–	0.22%
	Pour l'Indépendance du Québec	Michel Blondin	13	—	0	0			3,815	*	0.02%	*	0.49%
	Progressive Canadian	Joe Hueglin	3	0	0	0			1,534	−2,942	0.01%	−0.02pp	0.83%
	Marijuana	Blair Longley	4	0	0	0			920	−637	0.01%	−0.01pp	0.45%
	Canada's Fourth Front	Partap Dua	7	—	0	0			682	*	0.00%	*	0.20%
	United Party	Carlton Darby	4	—	0	0			602	*	0.00%	*	0.32%
	National Citizens Alliance	Stephen J. Garvey	4	—	0	0			510	*	0.00%	*	0.27%
	Stop Climate Change	Ken Ranney	2	—	0	0			296	*	0.00%	*	0.23%
	Canadian Nationalist	Travis Patron	3	—	0	0			281	*	0.00%	*	0.20%
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation[s]				1	—
	Vacant				5	—
Total valid votes			—	—	—	—	—	—	18,170,880	+579,412	100.00%	—	—
Blank and invalid votes			—	—	—	—	—	—	179,479	+58,964	0.98%	+0.30pp	—
Total			2,146	338	338	338	—	100.00%	18,350,359	+580,480	100.00%	—	100.00%
Registered voters/turnout			—	—	—	—	—	—	27,373,058	+1,433,316	67.03%	−1.25pp	—
Source: Elections Canada[526] (Official Voting Results)

Cartogram of the 2019 Canadian federal election results using equal-area ridings

Results by province

Distribution of seats and popular vote %, by party by province/territory (2019)

Party name			BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PE	NL	YT	NT	NU	Total
	Liberal	Seats:	11	–	–	4	79	35	6	10	4	6	1	1	–	157
		Vote:	26.2	13.8	11.7	26.5	41.6	34.3	37.5	41.4	43.7	44.9	33.5	39.7	30.9	33.1
	Conservative	Seats:	17	33	14	7	36	10	3	1	–	–	–	–	–	121
		Vote:	34.0	69.0	64.0	45.2	33.1	16.0	32.8	25.7	27.3	27.9	32.7	25.5	26.1	34.3
	NDP	Seats:	11	1	–	3	6	1	–	–	–	1	–	–	1	24
		Vote:	24.4	11.6	19.6	20.8	16.8	10.8	9.4	18.9	7.6	23.7	22.0	22.3	40.8	16.0
	Bloc Québécois	Seats:						32								32
		Vote:						32.4								7.6
	Green	Seats:	2	–	–	–	–	–	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	3
		Vote:	12.5	2.8	2.6	5.1	6.2	4.5	17.2	11.0	20.9	3.1	10.5	10.6	2.2	6.5
	People's	Seats:	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
		Vote:	1.7	2.2	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.5	2.0	1.2	–	0.1	1.4	1.8	–	1.6>
	Independents and minor parties	Seats:	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
		Vote:	1.3	0.5	0.2	0.6	0.2	0.1	1.1	1.8	0.5	0.2	–	–	–	0.2
Seats:			42	34	14	14	121	78	10	11	4	7	1	1	1	338

Analysis

See also: List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2019 Canadian federal election

Vote-splitting benefited the Conservatives in Ontario and Metro Vancouver, the Liberals in Quebec and the Maritimes, and the NDP in British Columbia and outside the GTA in Ontario. It also helped the Bloc in some Quebec ridings.^[527] Furthermore, analysis by different news outlets showed that the PPC cost the Tories six to seven seats. However, a Tory strategist said that it is not guaranteed that PPC voters would have voted for the Conservatives. The PPC's spokesperson echoed similar sentiments.^{[528][529][530]}

Strategic voting was prominent across the country. However, it was not the primary factor for most. According to a poll conducted after the election, of respondents who ultimately voted Liberal, 46 per cent said they had considered voting for the NDP at some point during the campaign. Another 29 per cent considered voting Green. Additionally, 15 per cent of Conservative voters considered voting for the People's Party.^[531][532]

Ninety-eight women were elected to federal seats in this election. This also set a new record, both by number and by percentage, but still fell short of equality advocates' goal of 30% women. The highest percentage of elected women was in the Green party, with two female MPs out of three elected Green Party members.^[533][534]

Election aftermath

Following the election, Trudeau ruled out a coalition and announced that his new cabinet would be sworn in on November 20, 2019.^[342] On November 4, 2019, Elizabeth May announced that she would be stepping down as leader of the Green Party.^[535] On December 12, 2019, Andrew Scheer announced that he was resigning as leader of the Conservative Party.^[536]

Recounts

Defeated parties sought recounts in three ridings where the races were won by a few hundred votes. The Bloc Québécois made its request in the Quebec Superior Court for the ridings of Hochelaga and Québec^[537][538] and the NDP sought a recount for the riding of Port Moody—Coquitlam. Federal judges accepted the requests and ruled that recounts should happen for those ridings.^[539][540] All three recount requests were withdrawn during the recounting process, thus the victors stayed the same.^{[541][542][543][544]}

Electoral reform

The nature of the elections' results reignited calls for electoral reform.^{[545][546][547][548][549]} Some commentators argued against the current first-past-the-post system,^{[550][551][552][553]} while others defended it.^[554][555] Dominic O'Sullivan, Associate Professor of Political Science at Charles Sturt University, argued that Canada should follow in New Zealand's footsteps with their electoral reform.^[556] News outlets also published articles showing what the election results could have looked like if Trudeau had kept his promise on electoral reform.^{[557][547][558]}

After the election, Elizabeth May sent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau a letter recommending STV as a compromise for electoral reform since it meets some of the concerns Trudeau expressed in the past.^[559][560]

A poll published by the Angus Reid Institute showed that support for electoral reform and proportional representation in particular skyrocketed following the election.^[561]

Western Canadian separatism

After Justin Trudeau's re-election on October 21, 2019, #Wexit trended on social media.^[562] However, experts stated part of the push was due to disinformation and bots.^[563][564] On November 4, 2019, the separatist group Wexit Alberta applied for federal political party status.^[565] On November 6, 2019, a poll conducted by Ipsos show a historic high level of interest in secession from Canada in both Alberta and Saskatchewan by 33% and 27%, respectively.^[566][567] On January 12, 2020, Wexit Canada was granted eligibility for the next federal election.^[568] They subsequently changed their name to the Maverick Party.^[569]

Chinese government interference

Main article: Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections

In late 2022, Global News reported on a suspected attempt by the government of China to infiltrate the Parliament of Canada by funding a network of candidates to run in the 2019 federal election.^{[570][571][572][573][574]} Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stated on November 20, 2022, regarding alleged interference in the election that "I do not have any information, nor have I been briefed on any federal candidates receiving any money from China".^[575] In February 2023, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) concluded that the Chinese government interfered in the 2019 elections.^[576]

Deregistered parties

The Progressive Canadian Party was deregistered by Elections Canada on October 30, 2019, for failing to comply with the reporting provisions of the Canada Elections Act.^[577]

The United Party of Canada was deregistered on December 31, 2020, for failing to submit required financial documents or update party information.^[578]

The Stop Climate Change Party was deregistered on March 31, 2021, for failing to provide an auditor's report.^[579]

See also

• By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament
• 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election
• 2017 New Democratic Party leadership election
• 2017 Bloc Québécois leadership election
• 2019 Bloc Québécois leadership election

Notes

1. Not the incumbent, but stood in this seat and won.
2. Following his removal from the NDP caucus, Pierre Nantel sat as an independent until the writ was dropped, but ran as a Green Party candidate on Federal election day.^[10]
3. Erin Weir designated himself as a member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation following his expulsion from the NDP caucus. The CCF is not a registered party and Weir's designation exists only in a parliamentary, not electoral, sense. See: Co-operative Commonwealth Federation#2018
4. While the source is from 2015, this still applied to 2019
5. Endorsed a Liberal minority with an NDP/Green balance of power
6. Joint Liberal/BQ endorsement.
7. Endorsed Heather McPherson, the NDP candidate in her riding of Edmonton-Strathcona
8. The NDP changed their French slogan during the campaign. Prior to this one, they used "On se bat pour vous", which is "We Fight for You" in English.
9. The GPC changed their French slogan during the campaign. Prior to this one, they used "Ni à droite ni à gauche. Vers l'avant ensemble", which is "Neither left nor right. Forward together" in English.
10. According to Elections Canada rules, third parties are allowed to spend $1,023,400 in the pre-election period between June 30 and the start of the election campaign. They can spend an additional $511,700 during the election campaign.
11. These are not all the third parties that spent money during the election
12. The debate was cancelled due to Trudeau refusing to attend
13. The debate was cancelled due to Scheer refusing to attend
14. As the number of seats in the House of Commons has increased over time, in terms of share of seats in the House the Conservative's formed the largest opposition caucus since 1980.
15. Some of the information (vote share and turnout) in the previous reference is not reflective of the final results
16. Includes Heather Leung, who was ejected from the Conservative Party after candidate registration was closed.
17. Includes Marthe Lépine, who was ejected by the party, and Michael Kalmanovitch, who publicly withdrew and threw his support to the local NDP candidate, both after candidate registration was closed.
18. Includes Pierre Nantel, who ran as a candidate for the Green Party in the 2019 election.
19. Erin Weir used this as his parliamentary affiliation after being ejected from the NDP; the CCF ceased to exist as a party when the NDP was formed in 1961.

References

1. "Forty-Third General Election 2019: Official Voting Results". Elections Canada. October 22, 2019. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
2. Brean, Joseph (October 22, 2019). "All-time low share of popular vote is enough for Liberals to win power". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
3. Zimonjic, Peter (October 22, 2019). "Liberals take losses but win enough in Quebec and Ontario to form minority government". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on October 22, 2019. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
4. Riga, Andy (March 14, 2017). "Bloc Québécois' new leader: Who is Martine Ouellet?". The Gazette. Montreal. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
5. Tunney, Catharine (June 4, 2018). "Embattled Bloc Québécois leader Martine Ouellet resigns". CBC News. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
6. "Yves-François Blanchet becomes Bloc Québécois leader". CBC News. January 17, 2019. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
7. Kirkup, Kristy (April 10, 2016). "NDP rejects Mulcair as leader, votes in support of holding leadership race". Ottawa Citizen. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
8. Kirkup, Kristy (October 1, 2017). "Jagmeet Singh named leader of the federal NDP". CTV News. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
9. Curtis, Christopher (October 22, 2019). "Bloc Québécois surge puts nationalism back on the federal agenda". The Gazette. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
10. "Pierre Nantel passe au Parti Vert". Le Soleil (in French). La Presse Canadienne. August 19, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
11. Beeby, Dean (April 18, 2019). "PBO launches new service to cost out party platforms, despite the political risks". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
12. Geddes, John (June 27, 2015). "Can Justin Trudeau fix the vote with electoral reform?". Maclean's. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
13. "Justin Trudeau unveils Liberal platform". CBC Player. January 6, 2016. Archived from the original on February 5, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
14. "Speech from the Throne: Making Real Change Happen". Government of Canada. December 2, 2016. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
15. Wherry, Aaron (December 1, 2016). "Electoral reform committee recommends referendum on proportional representation, but Liberals disagree". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
16. Bryden, Joan (December 1, 2016). "Liberal MPs urge Prime Minister to break promise of new voting system by next election". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
17. "Mandate". ourcommons.ca. House of Commons of Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
18. Wherry, Aaron (February 1, 2017). "Trudeau government abandons promise of electoral reform". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
19. Kirkup, Kristy (February 10, 2017). "Trudeau defends electoral reform decision, citing fear of political discord". The Globe and Mail. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
20. Lisa, François (July 2019). Assessing Justin Trudeau's Liberal Government. 353 promises and a mandate for change (first ed.). Quebec City: Presses de l'Université Laval. p. 262. ISBN 978-2-7637-4443-8. Archived from the original on October 13, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
21. Blatchford, Andy (August 25, 2019). "New book examines Trudeau government's record of living up to pledges". The Globe and Mail. Ottawa. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
22. Carman, Tara (October 18, 2019). "Unions top funders of third party election ads, financial records show". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
23. "Third Party Expenses Limits". Elections Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
24. "Elections Canada Online – The Electoral System of Canada". Elections Canada. Archived from the original on August 20, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
25. "Third Party Roadmap". Elections Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
26. "New Requirements for Third Parties: Corporations, Unions, Groups and Individuals". Elections Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
27. "Political Financing Handbook for Third Parties, Financial Agents and Auditors (EC 20227) – August 2019". Elections Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
28. Lum, Zi-Ann (June 17, 2019). "2 More Liberal MPs Announce They're Not Running For Re-Election". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
29. Gunn, Andrea (September 14, 2018). "Bill Casey plans to retire next year". Truro Daily News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
30. King, Nancy (April 26, 2019). "Cape Breton-Canso MP Rodger Cuzner calls it a career". Cape Breton Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
31. Martin, Wendy (February 13, 2019). "'It's been a wonderful run': Long-time Cape Breton MP Mark Eyking won't reoffer". CBC Nova Scotia. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2019.
32. Moss, Neil (October 3, 2018). "A Liberal and a Tory join swelling list of MPs sitting out next election". Hill Times. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
33. "West Vancouver MP Pamela Goldsmith-Jones won't seek reelection". Vancouver Sun. May 8, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
34. TJ Harvey [@TJHarveyLib] (February 19, 2019). "I have decided not to re-offer in the upcoming federal election. An open letter to my constituents: #nbpoli https://t.co/pOob7Qjo5k" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
35. Major, Darren (May 1, 2019). "Liberal MP Andrew Leslie won't seek re-election this fall". CBC News. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
36. "Laval MP Eva Nassif 'pushed out' by Liberal Party riding president says". CBC News. August 24, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
37. Vigliotti, Marco (February 27, 2019). "Ontario Liberal MP John Oliver won't seek re-election". iPolitics. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
38. "Veteran Liberal MP Denis Paradis won't seek re-election this fall". CTV News. The Canadian Press. August 4, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
39. Weir, Brock (March 28, 2019). "MP Kyle Peterson won't seek re-election". The Auroran. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
40. Diaczuk, Doug (March 17, 2019). "'Rusnak bows out of 2019 federal election". Thunder Bay News Watch. Archived from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
41. Akin, David (October 24, 2018). "Liberal incumbent to leave Toronto-area seat, setting up rare GTA opening for Tories". Global News. Archived from the original on November 1, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
42. "Anderson announces he will not run in 2019" (Press release). Swift Current, SK. March 4, 2019. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
43. Mitchell, Laine (January 9, 2018). "Eglinski not seeking re-election". Rdnewsnow.com. Archived from the original on January 10, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
44. Ivison, John (January 24, 2018). "John Ivison: Shunned 'values' crusader Kellie Leitch's political career comes to its inevitable end". National Post. Archived from the original on July 28, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
45. Seebruch, Nick (January 26, 2019). "MP Guy Lauzon announces his retirement". Cornwall Seaway News. Archived from the original on January 27, 2019. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
46. Miller, Scott (January 18, 2019). "Long-time local Conservative MP calling it a career". CTV News London. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
47. "Niagara Falls MP Rob Nicholson will not seek another term". Niagara Falls Review. April 7, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
48. Gibson, Shawn (March 25, 2019). "Nuttall will not seek re-election, instead focusing on family". Barrie Today. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
49. "Long-time Conservative MP Bev Shipley will not seek re-election". CBC News. July 9, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
50. "Dauphin-area MP Robert Sopuck won't run in 2019 election". CBC News. May 7, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
51. Ruckman, Allie (April 1, 2019). "Sorenson Not Seeking Re-Election in 2019". Drumheller Online. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 3, 2019.
52. "Van Kesteren won't seek re-election" Archived January 7, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, London Free Press, January 5, 2018
53. "Mark Warawa won't run in the next election". Langley Times. January 15, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
54. Bellavance, Joël-Denis; Lévesque, Fanny (February 21, 2019). "La députée du NPD Marjolaine Boutin-Sweet ne se représentera pas en octobre". La Presse (in French). Montréal, QC: La Presse (2018) Inc. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
55. Craggs, Samantha (July 5, 2018). "David Christopherson, long-time Hamilton Centre MP, says he won't run again". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
56. Tasker, John Paul (March 1, 2019). "NDP MP Nathan Cullen isn't running again". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
57. Smith, Charlie (December 8, 2018). "Port Moody–Coquitlam NDP MP Fin Donnelly won't seek reelection in 2019". The Georgia Straight. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
58. Lydie, Neufeld (August 28, 2018). "Alberta's only NDP MP not seeking re-election in 2019". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved November 28, 2024.
59. Vastel, Marie (July 9, 2018). "Hélène Laverdière, du NPD, quitte la politique fédérale". Le Devoir (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
60. "NDP MP Irene Mathyssen announces retirement". CBC News. August 27, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
61. Quach, Anne Minh-Thu (February 21, 2019). "Statement from Anne Minh-Thu Quach". Anne Minh-Thu Quach. New Democratic Party of Canada. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
62. "NDP MP Christine Moore decides not to seek re-election this fall". Bowen Island Undercurrent. June 7, 2019. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
63. Aiello, Rachel (February 28, 2019). "NDP MP Murray Rankin not running in 2019". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
64. Rycekewaert, Laura (July 2, 2018). "Political parties busy laying groundwork this summer for 2019 election, Conservatives already ahead". The Hill Times. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2018. NDP MPs Romeo Saganash (Abitibi-Baie-James-Nunavik-Eeyou, Que.) and Kennedy Stewart (Burnaby South, B.C.) have already announced they aren't running for re-election.
65. "Regina MP Erin Weir won't run again". CBC News. May 21, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
66. Breen, Kerri (March 2, 2019). "Liberal MP Celina Caesar-Chavannes says she won't seek re-election". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
67. "Tony Clement confirms he's quitting federal politics". CBC News. April 2, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
68. Cohen, Sidney (July 30, 2019). "Nunavut MP Hunter Tootoo won't seek re-election". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
69. Levitz, Stephanie (March 23, 2016). "Alberta Conservative MP Jim Hillyer dies at age 41". Toronto Star. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
70. Bell, David (October 24, 2016). "Conservative Glen Motz thanks Trudeau after winning Medicine Hat-Cardston-Warner byelection". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
71. "Hunter Tootoo resigns as fisheries minister, leaves Liberal caucus". CBC News. May 31, 2016. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
72. "Liberal MP Mauril Bélanger dies at 61". CTV News. August 16, 2016. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
73. Levitz, Stephanie (August 26, 2016). "Stephen Harper gives up House of Commons seat". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
74. "Jason Kenney to resign federal seat next week". CBC News. September 13, 2016. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
75. Zimonjic, Peter (January 31, 2017). "Stéphane Dion accepts role as ambassador to EU and Germany, as he and John McCallum depart House". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 4, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
76. "Rona Ambrose formally resigns as Conservative MP after serving for 13 years". CBC News. The Canadian Press. July 4, 2017. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
77. Grenier, Éric (June 20, 2017). "Denis Lebel's departure to put Andrew Scheer's Conservative leadership to tough electoral test". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
78. "Liberals win Lac-Saint-Jean for first time since 1980". The Gazette. Montreal. October 24, 2017. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
79. Ballingall, Alex (August 31, 2017). "Calgary MP Darshan Kang resigns from Liberal caucus amid sexual harassment allegations". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
80. Campion-Smith, Bruce (September 14, 2017). "Scarborough MP Arnold Chan dies of cancer". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
81. Wherry, Aaron (September 14, 2017). "Toronto-area Liberal MP Arnold Chan dies at 50". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
82. "Four federal by-elections across Canada to be held in December". The Globe and Mail. Ottawa. The Canadian Press. November 5, 2017. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
83. Randell, Adam (September 27, 2017). "Judy Foote to step down as MP on Saturday". The Telegram. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
84. "Dianne Watts enters BC Liberal leadership race, will resign as Tory MP". CBC News. September 24, 2017. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
85. Aiello, Rachel (August 31, 2017). "Long-time Conservative MP Gerry Ritz resigns, not running to lead Saskatchewan Party". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
86. "Quebec member of Parliament Denis Lemieux resigns seat". CBC News. November 6, 2017. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
87. Maltais, Pierre-Alexandre (June 19, 2018). "Le conservateur Richard Martel élu député fédéral de Chicoutimi–Le Fjord". Journal De Quebec (in French). Agence QMI. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
88. Allard, Clement (February 28, 2018). "Seven of 10 Bloc Quebecois MPs quit over Martine Ouellet's leadership". The Globe and Mail. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
89. Ballingall, Alex (February 28, 2018). "Seven of 10 Bloc Québécois MPs quit caucus in protest of leader Martine Ouellet". Toronto Star. Ottawa. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
90. "Two of seven MPs who quit the Bloc Quebecois returning to the party". Ottawa. The Canadian Press. June 6, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
91. "5 Bloc Québécois MPs who quit party returning to the fold". CBC News. September 17, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
92. Harris, Kathleen (May 2, 2018). "'Incredibly decent man': Conservative MP Gord Brown dies after heart attack in Parliament Hill office". Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
93. Bryden, Joan (December 4, 2018). "Federal Conservatives cruise to convincing victory in eastern Ontario byelection". National Post. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
94. Tunney, Catharine (May 3, 2018). "MP Erin Weir expelled from NDP caucus after harassment investigation". CBC News. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
95. Marotta, Stefanie (May 11, 2018). "Erin Weir declares himself a member of the CCF – a party that no longer exists". CBC News. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
96. Tasker, John Paul (December 18, 2017). "Former NDP leader Tom Mulcair leaving federal politics in June". Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
97. Zimonjic, Peter (February 26, 2019). "NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh claims victory in Burnaby South byelection". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
98. Tunney, Catharine (August 23, 2018). "MP Maxime Bernier quits Conservative Party". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
99. Laanela, Mike (May 10, 2018). "Kennedy Stewart confirms he will run for mayor of Vancouver as independent". Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
100. Tasker, John Paul (September 17, 2018). "Toronto-area Liberal MP Leona Alleslev crosses the floor to join Conservatives". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
101. "Peter Van Loan, former House Leader under Stephen Harper, retiring". Toronto Star. The Canadian Press. July 29, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
102. Desmarais, Anna (November 7, 2018). "Scheer boots Clement from Tory caucus over sexually explicit images". iPolitics. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
103. "Raj Grewal". August 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2018 – via Facebook.
104. Zimonjic, Peter; Simpson, Katie (November 23, 2018). "Liberal MP Raj Grewal resigned to deal with gambling problem, PMO says". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
105. Harris, Kathleen (October 24, 2018). "B.C. MP Sheila Malcolmson to leave federal NDP to seek provincial seat, but timing not clear". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
106. Ghoussoub, Michelle (May 6, 2019). "Green Party wins federal byelection in Nanaimo-Ladysmith". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
107. Aiello, Rachel (January 29, 2019). "Long-absent Liberal MP Nicola Di Iorio resigns". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
108. Connolly, Amanda (February 6, 2019). "Former Liberal cabinet minister Scott Brison stepping down as MP effective next week". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
109. Harris, Kathleen (March 20, 2019). "MP Celina Caesar-Chavannes quits Liberal caucus". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
110. Harris, Kathleen (April 2, 2019). "Trudeau ejects Wilson-Raybould, Philpott from Liberal caucus". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
111. Saint-Arnaud, Pierre (August 19, 2019). "Ousted from the NDP, Longueuil MP Nantel to run for the Green Party". The Gazette. Montreal. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
112. Wright, Teresa (August 16, 2019). "NDP turfs MP Pierre Nantel for considering election run with Green party". The Gazette. Montreal. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
113. Dehaas, Josh (October 19, 2015). "Stephen Harper resigns as Conservative leader". CTV News. Archived from the original on October 20, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
114. Perreaux, Les (October 22, 2015). "Bloc leader Duceppe, former PQ interim leader both resign". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on April 4, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
115. O'Malley, Kady (October 28, 2015). "Lifting the curtain on Harper's covert exit strategy". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
116. "Rona Ambrose named interim leader of the Conservative Party of Canada". National Post. The Canadian Press. November 5, 2015. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
117. Mehler Paperny, Anna (November 4, 2015). "Canada's parliament will reconvene in December". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
118. Franklin, Michael (March 23, 2016). "Southern Alberta MP Jim Hillyer found dead in his office". CTV News. Calgary. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
119. Wherry, Aaron (April 10, 2016). "NDP votes in favour of holding new leadership race". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 10, 2016. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
120. "MP Mauril Bélanger dies after battle with ALS". The Globe and Mail. Ottawa. The Canadian Press. August 16, 2016. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
121. "The Right Honourable Stephen Harper – Overview – House of Commons of Canada". ourcommons.ca. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
122. Grenier, Éric (September 9, 2016). "Start-up party Strength in Democracy deregistered by Elections Canada". CBC News. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
123. Cochrane, David (July 7, 2016). "Taxpayers group miffed Kenney will collect MP perks this summer". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
124. "The Honourable John McCallum – Overview – House of Commons of Canada". ourcommons.ca. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
125. "The Honourable Stéphane Dion – Overview – House of Commons of Canada". ourcommons.ca. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
126. "Andrew Scheer is the new leader of the Conservative Party of Canada". National Post. The Canadian Press. May 27, 2017. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
127. "The Honourable Rona Ambrose – Overview – House of Commons of Canada". ourcommons.ca. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
128. Milewski, Terry (May 15, 2016). "NDP sets leadership convention for fall of 2017". CBC News. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
129. "Denis Lemieux – Overview – House of Commons of Canada". ourcommons.ca. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
130. Marotta, Stefanie (May 9, 2018). "Bloc rebels announce new party name and abandon the separatist program". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
131. "The Honourable Thomas J. Mulcair – Overview – House of Commons of Canada". ourcommons.ca. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
132. "Bernier faces a challenge keeping racists out of his new party, says Stockwell Day". CBC News. September 14, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
133. Stewart, Kennedy [@kennedystewart] (August 2, 2018). "As promised, I've submitted my resignation letter. I'll continue my MP duties until Sept 14 when I officially file as a #Vancouver mayoral candidate. It's been a great honour to serve my constituents for the last seven years. #ndp #vanpoli" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
134. "The Honourable Peter Van Loan – Overview – House of Commons of Canada". ourcommons.ca. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
135. Boutilier, Alex (November 7, 2018). "Clement booted from Conservative caucus over sexting scandal". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
136. Tunney, Catharine (June 20, 2019). "B.C. MP Mark Warawa dies after 'valiant battle' with cancer". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
137. "Long-time Conservative MP Deepak Obhrai has died at age 69". CBC News. August 2, 2019. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
138. Wherry, Aaron (August 16, 2019). "Elizabeth May says she has been in talks with ejected NDP MP for 'some considerable time'". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
139. Gilmore, Rachel. "Former NDP MP Pierre Nantel joins the Green Party". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
140. Elliott, Josh K. (September 11, 2019). "PPC Leader Maxime Bernier to face another Maxime Bernier in his riding". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
141. Tunney, Catharine (September 11, 2019). "It's official, Canadians: the 2019 federal election campaign is underway". CBC News. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
142. Tasker, John Paul (September 13, 2019). "Elizabeth May says Green party is 're-vetting' candidates after anti-abortion comments come to light". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
143. Katie Simpson [@CBCKatie] (September 15, 2019). "Scheer says he will stand by candidates despite controversial comments in the past (including racist, and homophobic comments) as long as the candidate apologizes, and takes responsibility for said comments. He says each situation will depend on context though" (Tweet). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via Twitter.
144. @CBCPolitics (September 15, 2019). "Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer says he will stand by candidates with racist, homophobic past comments as long as they apologize. https://t.co/CSLM18sKir #hw #cdnpoli #elxn43 https://t.co/7NwmocvjQr" (Tweet). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via Twitter.
145. Wherry, Aaron (September 16, 2019). "Maxime Bernier invited to participate in official commission debates". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
146. "Estimate of Turnout at Advance Polls Now Available". Elections Canada. October 15, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
147. "First Estimate of Turnout at Advance Polls". elections.ca. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
148. Slaughter, Graham (October 18, 2019). "Elections Canada reports historic turnout among international voters". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
149. Hamilton Spectator Editorial Board (October 17, 2019). "Opinion | Editorial: Liberals are the best, if imperfect, choice this election". The Hamilton Spectator. ISSN 1189-9417. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
150. Star Editorial Board (October 16, 2019). "Liberals are the best choice for Canada". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
151. The Varsity Editorial Board (October 19, 2019). "The Varsity endorses a Liberal minority government—with an NDP-Green balance of power". thevarsity.ca. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
152. Myles, Brian (October 19, 2019). "Un Bloc fort dans un Canada libéral" [[We support] A strong Bloc [= Bloc Québécois] in a liberal Canada]. Le Devoir (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
153. National Post View (October 18, 2019). "NP View: Canada needs a Conservative government". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
154. "Our endorsement: Best choice for Canada is Andrew Scheer". The Gazette. Montreal. October 19, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
155. "Our endorsement: Best choice for Canada is Andrew Scheer". Ottawa Citizen. October 19, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
156. "EDITORIAL: Andrew Scheer for prime minister". Toronto Sun. October 20, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
157. Stead, Sylvia (October 26, 2019). "Public editor: No endorsement during this federal election campaign was a good thing". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
158. Maloney, Ryan (October 16, 2019). "Obama Endorses Trudeau's Liberals For Re-Election". HuffPost. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
159. Boothby, Lauren (October 16, 2019). "Barack Obama endorses Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau". CityNews Edmonton. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
160. Campbell, Meagan (October 19, 2019). "Martin Luther King III says he would vote for Trudeau despite pipeline and blackface". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
161. Stevenson, Verity (October 18, 2019). "N.B. premier asked if Quebec is the favourite child this election: 'That's not a new thing'". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
162. "Jason Kenney: MLAs encouraged to stump for Scheer on own time and dime". CTV News. Edmonton. The Canadian Press. September 11, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
163. Flanagan, Ryan (September 18, 2019). "Where are the premiers? Most provincial leaders mum on federal campaign". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
164. Green, Melanie (September 28, 2019). "Rupi Kaur officially endorses federal NDP leader Jagmeet Singh". The Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
165. "Alberta Opposition leader Notley says she will vote NDP in federal election". CTV News. The Canadian Press. October 18, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
166. Wab Kinew [@WabKinew] (October 21, 2019). "I'm proud to live in a country where @jagmeetsingh is running for Prime Minister" (Tweet). Retrieved October 21, 2019 – via Twitter.
167. "Premier Moe says he won't endorse anyone in federal election". CBC News. September 3, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
168. Boynton, Sean (October 11, 2019). "Pamela Anderson tours Vancouver Island hometown to campaign with Greens". Global News. Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
169. @CanadianGreens (October 15, 2019). "Keep on rockin' for the good of the planet, @Neilyoung! #cdnpoli #elxn43 https://t.co/DnzkZV5gNS" (Tweet). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via Twitter.
170. Authier, Philip (September 4, 2019). "CAQ MNAs not allowed to take sides in federal election: Quebec premier". The Gazette. Montreal. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
171. Warmington, Joe (October 19, 2019). "WARMINGTON: Hurricane Hazel blows off Trudeau". Toronto Sun. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
172. Rider, David (October 17, 2019). "John Tory sees 'shortcomings' in Andrew Scheer's policies for cities". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
173. Buckley, Chris (October 4, 2019). "Ontario Federation of Labour endorses NDP and Jagmeet Singh". The Hamilton Spectator. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
174. "Conservatives unveil campaign slogan, new TV ad as election call nears". CTV News. August 23, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
175. Marquis, Mélanie (August 23, 2019). "Le Parti conservateur dévoile son slogan". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
176. Tunney, Catherine (September 3, 2019). "NDP unveils campaign slogan as election call looms". CBC News. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
177. "Le NPD tourne ses attaques vers le Bloc". La Presse (in French). October 15, 2016. Archived from the original on October 15, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
178. "Federal Liberals launch 'Choose Forward' as election campaign slogan". National Newswatch. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
179. "Le Parti libéral dévoile son slogan". La Presse (in French). August 26, 2019. Archived from the original on August 26, 2019. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
180. "" Le Québec, c'est nous " : le Bloc dévoile son slogan électoral | Élections Canada 2019" (in Canadian French). CBC/Radio-Canada. September 2, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
181. "Green Party of Canada". Green Party of Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
182. Lévesque, Catherine (September 20, 2019). "Le Parti vert ne veut pas exploiter le pétrole des sables bitumineux". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
183. Tasker, John Paul (August 26, 2019). "Liberals ask voters to 'choose forward' while Tories vow to help Canadians 'get ahead' in new campaign ads". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
184. Tunney, Catherine (August 14, 2019). "RCMP looking at SNC-Lavalin affair 'carefully,' promise to take actions 'as required'". CBC News. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
185. Vigliotti, Marco; Pinkerton, Charlie; Johnson, Kelsey (April 2, 2019). "Jody Wilson-Raybould, Jane Philpott removed from Liberal caucus". iPolitics. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
186. DiManno, Rosie (August 24, 2019). "Rosie DiManno: Liberals should be ashamed for dredging up Andrew Scheer same-sex marriage speech". The Hamilton Spectator. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
187. Selley, Chris (August 23, 2019). "Chris Selley: Goodale's same-sex-marriage gambit is staggeringly arrogant and hypocritical". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
188. White-Crummey, Arthur (August 23, 2019). "'I too have evolved': Goodale wants clarity from Scheer on LGBTQ positions". Regina Leader-Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
189. Zimonjic, Peter (August 30, 2019). "Liberals dump Quebec candidate after B'nai Brith, Conservatives allege anti-Semitic comments Social Sharing". Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
190. Pirro, Raphael (June 12, 2019). "Saint-Léonard: un ex-député libéral outré par la candidature d'un non-Italien". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
191. Lévesque, Catherine (September 10, 2019). "Montreal city councillor replaces former imam Hassan Guillet as Liberal candidate". The Gazette. Montreal. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
192. Rowe, Daniel J. (September 22, 2019). "Hassan Guillet to run as an independent in St. Leonard". CTV News. Montreal. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
193. "Sameer Zuberi chosen as Liberal candidate for Pierrefonds-Dollard". CBC News. September 17, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
194. Arnold, Janice (September 18, 2019). "Liberals stand by Montreal candidate accused of 'anti-Semitic past'". The Canadian Jewish News. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
195. Levesque, Fanny (September 18, 2019). "Des invités gênants pour un candidat libéral". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
196. Aubin, Erika (September 25, 2019). "William Morales explique sa version des faits". LeXpresse. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
197. Kambhampaty, Anna Purna; Carlisle, Madeleine; Chan, Melissa (September 18, 2019). "Justin Trudeau Wore Brownface at 2001 'Arabian Nights' Party While He Taught at a Private School, Canada's Liberal Party Admits". Time. Archived from the original on October 15, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
198. Zimonjic, Peter (September 18, 2019). "Trudeau says he is 'deeply sorry' he appeared in brownface at school gala in 2001". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
199. "Third instance of Trudeau in skin-darkening makeup emerges – new video said to have been filmed in '90s". National Post. Ottawa. The Canadian Press. September 19, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
200. Stephenson, Mercedes; Armstrong, James (September 19, 2019). "Exclusive: Video shows Trudeau in blackface in 3rd instance of racist makeup – National". Global News. Archived from the original on October 15, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
201. Rocha, Veronica; Wagner, Meg (September 19, 2019). "Justin Trudeau speaks after racist photo: Live updates". CNN. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
202. Heather Wright [@HeatherCTV] (September 19, 2019). "Trudeau: "I recognize it is something absolutely unacceptable to do. I appreciate calling it makeup, but it was blackface...and that is just not right."" (Tweet). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via Twitter.
203. Harris, Kathleen (September 19, 2019). "'What I did hurt them': Trudeau apologizes to racialized Canadians over blackface scandal". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
204. Wells, Paul (September 18, 2019). "Justin Trudeau's face". Maclean's. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
205. Gurney, Matt (September 19, 2019). "Matt Gurney: Good luck trying to make Tory candidates look bad now, Liberals". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
206. Gollom, Mark (September 19, 2019). "Reaction to Trudeau's blackface runs from 'This can't be real' to 'I didn't really care'". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
207. How Trudeau's blackface incidents could play out in key battlegrounds, CBC News, September 19, 2019, archived from the original on November 4, 2019, retrieved September 27, 2019
208. Mesley, Wendy (September 22, 2019). "Why debates on racism play out differently in Quebec | The Weekly with Wendy Mesley". CBC News. Archived from the original on November 5, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
209. Montpetit, Jonathan (September 19, 2019). "In Quebec, Trudeau's opponents and supporters shrug off blackface controversy". CBC News. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
210. Feith, Jesse (September 20, 2019). "Trudeau's record on race shouldn't be overlooked, community groups say". The Gazette. Montreal. Archived from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
211. Nenshi, Naheed (September 21, 2019). "Perspective: I'm Calgary's Muslim mayor. We can learn from Trudeau's 'brownface' moment". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
212. Siddiqui, Haroon (September 25, 2019). "Trudeau's past vs. Scheer's present". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
213. Zimonjic, Peter (September 20, 2019). "Singh says he'll talk with Trudeau only if it's in private and politics-free". CBC News. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
214. "Trudeau calls Singh to discuss blackface photos". CBC News. September 24, 2019. Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
215. Anderson, Bruce; Coletto, David (September 23, 2019). "Election Poll: A sensational week, yet a tight race remains". Abacus Data. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
216. Geddes, John (September 23, 2019). "The blackface photos jolted voters, but maybe only temporarily". Maclean's. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
217. Bellemare, Andrea (September 26, 2019). "Calgary Liberal candidate apologizes for misleading leaflets attacking Conservative opponent". CBC News. Archived from the original on May 4, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
218. Smith, Joanna (October 9, 2019). "Liberal Judy Sgro sorry for 'insensitive' comments about Trudeau's blackface". National Post. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
219. Walsh, Marieke; Kirkup, Kristy (October 9, 2019). "Liberal candidate Judy Sgro apologizes for 'insensitive' blackface remarks". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
220. D'Andrea, Aaron (October 9, 2019). "Toronto Liberal candidate Judy Sgro's 'blackface' comments appall local activists". The Star. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
221. Berthiaume, Lee (October 12, 2019). "Trudeau wears protective vest after security concern delays Liberal rally in Toronto". Global News. Archived from the original on October 13, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
222. Slaughter, Graham (October 12, 2019). "Trudeau appeared at rally in bulletproof vest amid security concern". CTV News. Archived from the original on October 13, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
223. "Trudeau wears bulletproof vest after security threat delays campaign rally". CBC News. October 12, 2019. Archived from the original on October 13, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
224. "Trudeau vows campaign won't change course after threat forced him to wear bulletproof vest". CBC News. October 13, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
225. Glen McGregor [@glen_mcgregor] (October 13, 2019). "These guys are RCMP ERT officers. They are *not* CF Rangers, although the logo on their shirts is similar" (Tweet). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via Twitter.
226. Turnbull, Sarah (October 13, 2019). "Trudeau says security threat won't change how he campaigns". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
227. Bryden, Joan (October 14, 2019). "Trudeau dodges question of Liberal-NDP coalition while Scheer rallies against". Global News. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
228. Tunney, Catharine (October 14, 2019). "Singh distances himself from coalition talk as campaign enters final week". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
229. Paling, Emma (May 24, 2019). "Ford Is Less Popular Than Wynne Was When She Lost Power, Poll Suggests". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
230. "Ontario's Doug Ford approval rating still sinking; Quebec Premier most popular leader: poll". City News. Toronto. September 19, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
231. Kapelos, Vassy (August 26, 2019). "The 'Ford factor' and battleground Ontario". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
232. Rushowy, Kristin (July 14, 2019). "More voters say Ford's policies will deter them from voting for Scheer". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
233. Thomson, Stuart (September 25, 2019). "Exclusive poll reveals 'Doug Ford factor' a big problem for Scheer's Conservatives in Ontario". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
234. Benzie, Robert (June 8, 2019). "Federal Conservatives worry as Doug Ford's unpopularity grows". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
235. Southern, Richard (August 2, 2019). "Scheer skirts questions about Doug Ford during stop in Toronto". toronto.citynews.ca. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
236. Gollom, Mark (September 18, 2019). "Andrew Scheer campaigns in vote-rich Ontario – without Doug Ford". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
237. Coletta, Amanda (July 15, 2019). "Andrew Scheer struggles to emerge from obscurity". The Hamilton Spectator. ISSN 1189-9417. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
238. Ballingall, Alex (September 23, 2019). "Justin Trudeau slams Doug Ford as he lays out 'down payment' for pharmacare and better health services". Toronto Star. Ottawa. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
239. Connolly, Amanda (July 31, 2019). "Trudeau again invokes specter of Doug Ford in speech to Liberal candidates – National". globalnews.ca. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
240. Strader, Matthew (April 25, 2019). "Harzadan Khattra out as Dufferin-Caledon Conservative MP candidate". CaledonEnterprise.com. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
241. Goldstein, Lorrie (June 29, 2019). "GOLDSTEIN: Scheer and Conservatives running scared". Toronto Sun. Archived from the original on August 4, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
242. Wilson, PJ (July 10, 2019). "King stripped of Tory nomination". North Bay Nugget. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
243. Dawson, Chris (July 22, 2019). "Rota reacts to King controversy". BayToday.ca. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
244. "Winnipeg Conservative candidate steps down due to 'discriminatory' social media posts". CBC News. September 12, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
245. Hasegawa, Regan (October 4, 2019). "Conservatives drop Burnaby candidate after transphobic comments". CTV News. Vancouver. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
246. Baker, Rafferty (October 3, 2019). "Conservatives eject B.C. candidate over 'offensive' comments". Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
247. Salimah Shivji [@salimah_shivji] (October 4, 2019). "The CPC has dumped its candidate in Burnaby-North Seymour, after video surfaced showing homophobic comments. The deadline for naming candidates has passed and so, her name will still be on the ballot. It's a riding that's very much up for grabs. #cdnpoli #elxn43 Statement: https://t.co/vuarGOHrdq" (Tweet). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via Twitter.
248. Glen McGregor [@glen_mcgregor] (October 4, 2019). "Leung's name and Conservative party affiliation will remain on the printed ballots because we're past the Elections Canada deadline to change, but if she were to win, she wouldn't sit in the party's caucus" (Tweet). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via Twitter.
249. David Cochrane [@DavidWCochrane] (October 4, 2019). "One point with this statement. Leung has made many controversial statements about LGBTQ people in the past. This would not have been the first the CPC would have heard about this. She was a known commodity when she was nominated" (Tweet). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via Twitter.
250. Green, Melanie (May 26, 2019). "Anti-abortion, anti-SOGI Conservative candidate confirmed for riding where Trans Mountain pipeline ends". Toronto Star. Vancouver. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
251. Raj, Althia (September 21, 2019). "Pipeline Politics Are Personal at Ground Zero of Trans Mountain". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
252. Gawley, Kelvin (September 17, 2019). "Burnaby Conservative unreachable after months of interview requests". Burnaby Now. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
253. Boynton, Sean (October 10, 2019). "Ex-Conservative B.C. candidate won't apologize for anti-LGBTQ2 comments caught on video". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
254. Dillon, Moya (July 10, 2019). "Pickering-Uxbridge Conservatives split over federal nomination". DurhamRegion.com. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
255. Rana, Abbas (March 25, 2019). "Former Ontario Conservative MP Chisu to run as a People's Party candidate in upcoming election". The Hill Times. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
256. Blackwell, Tom (July 24, 2019). "Her run for the Ontario PCs ended after she tweeted about Islam, but Ghada Melek is now a federal Conservative candidate". National Post. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
257. Keri, Been (August 5, 2019). "Muslim group calls on Conservative candidate to step down over social media posts". Global News. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
258. Cornwell, Steve (September 13, 2019). "Scheer on the defensive over past anti-LGBTQ posts by Mississauga and Brampton Conservative candidates". bramptonguardian.com. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
259. Aiello, Rachel (September 14, 2019). "Tory candidate Scheer defended deemed 'extremely controversial and problematic' in 2016 vetting report". ctvnews. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
260. Omar Sachedina [@omarsachedina] (September 15, 2019). "I asked Scheer about this story by colleagues @glen_mcgregor and @rachaiello 👇🏼 – He stands by Ghada Malek – Says she has accepted responsibility – Doesn't see an issue with vetting procedures even though Ontario PCs red-flagged her https://t.co/jw43Kcm7go" (Tweet). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via Twitter.
261. Boutilier, Alex (August 22, 2019). "Andrew Scheer urged to end 'boycott' of gay pride events after 2005 speech on same-sex marriage comes to light". Toronto Star. Ottawa. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
262. Harris, Kathleen (August 29, 2019). "Scheer accuses Trudeau of whipping up divisive social issues to distract from scandals". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
263. Teitel, Emma (August 31, 2019). "On the subject of gay marriage, why can't Andrew Scheer show a little humanity?". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on September 13, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
264. Paez, Beatrice (September 4, 2019). "Scheer's ambiguous positioning on abortion, gay rights a ripe way to lose Red Tories, say politicos". The Hill Times. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
265. Simpson, Katie [@CBCKatie] (September 15, 2019). "Asked Scheer if he needs to apologize for comments in made in 2005 on same sex marriage, given the framework he's set out for candidates and their past controversial comments. He does not apologize" (Tweet). Retrieved September 15, 2019 – via Twitter.
266. Raj, Althia [@althiaraj] (September 20, 2019). "Scheer says Trudeau is not living up to his own standard. Scheer twice sidesteps questions about whether he is sorry he compared same-sex marriage to a dog's tail. Actually, that is three times" (Tweet). Retrieved September 20, 2019 – via Twitter.
267. Simpson, Katie [@CBCKatie] (September 19, 2019). "Scheer is asked if he should apologize for his same sex marriage speech in 2005. He doesn't. Says the conversation today is about Trudeau. This is the second time specifically he's been asked if he wants to apologize during the campaign" (Tweet). Retrieved September 20, 2019 – via Twitter.
268. Raj, Althia (September 30, 2019). "Scheer Defends Climate Plan, Says He Won't Walk in Pride Parades As PM". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
269. Raj, Althia (August 26, 2019). "Scheer's Top Quebec MP Admits To Giving The Wrong Impression on Abortion". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
270. Wherry, Aaron (August 30, 2019). "Scheer tried to douse a debate on abortion, same-sex marriage—and muddied the waters even more". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
271. Harris, Kathleen (August 31, 2019). "Scheer faces backlash from national anti-abortion group over mixed messaging". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
272. Bellavance, Joël-Denis (August 30, 2019). "Avortement: Andrew Scheer s'engage à voter contre tout projet de loi". LaPresse. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
273. Smith, Joanna (October 3, 2019). "Scheer says he is personally against abortion, but would not reopen debate". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
274. Marquis, Melanie (October 3, 2019). "Andrew Scheer: 'Je suis personnellement pro-vie'". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
275. Maloney, Ryan (September 12, 2019). "Scheer Blasts Liberals For Sharing Video Targeting Anti-Abortion Candidate". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
276. Bimman, Abigail [@AbigailBimman] (September 12, 2019). "Conservative candidate @rachelbwillson was asked several times if she would introduce abortion legislation. She wouldn't answer. She said she's focused on issues she's hearing about at the door & didn't list abortion as one of them. #yorkcentre #elxn43 #cdnpolipic.twitter.com/fxkvYcLASn" (Tweet). Retrieved September 14, 2019 – via Twitter.
277. Smith, Joanna (September 13, 2019). "Party leaders contend with posts and past lives from candidates in campaign". Ottawa Citizen. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
278. Lum, Zi-Ann (September 14, 2019). "Faith Goldy Friendship Prompts Tory Candidate To Bail From Scheer Event". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
279. Simpson, Katie [@CBCKatie] (September 14, 2019). "We tried to ask Justina McCaffrey a question, but bolted in the middle of the event. She sped off in a car, refusing to answer reporter questions. We asked her if she would take a question. And the people around her said she has to go door knocking. We have it on tape" (Tweet). Retrieved September 14, 2019 – via Twitter.
280. Rabson, Mia (September 14, 2019). "Andrew Scheer on defensive as Liberals raise questions about Justina McCaffrey". Federal Election 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
281. Rabson, Mia (September 14, 2019). "Liberals trying to distract by tweeting 2013 video of candidate with Faith Goldy: Scheer – National". Global News. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
282. Moss, Neil (September 30, 2019). "Faith Goldy flashed hate-linked hand sign in 2017 photo with Conservative candidate Justina McCaffrey". The Hill Times. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
283. Brean, Joseph (September 20, 2019). "The Liberals are lying': Woman says she was with Trudeau and Faith Goldy when they had drinks". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
284. Ling, Justin (September 25, 2019). "Andrew Scheer's Ties to Rebel Media Are Now Impossible to Deny". The Walrus. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
285. Levesque, Catherine (October 7, 2019). "Une candidate conservatrice membre de l'Opus Dei". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
286. Clark, Campbell; Radwanski, Adam (September 28, 2019). "Andrew Scheer, a work in progress: Where the Conservative Leader comes from and how he really thinks". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
287. von Scheel, Elise (September 29, 2019). "Liberals ask for an investigation of Scheer's insurance industry credentials". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
288. McGregor, Janyce (September 30, 2019). "Andrew Scheer's experience in the insurance industry: '6 or 7 months'". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
289. "CTV QP: Was Andrew Scheer an insurance broker?". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
290. "Scheer accused of falsely claiming he was once an insurance broker in Saskatchewan". Global News. The Canadian Press. September 30, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
291. Boutilier, Alex (October 1, 2019). "Andrew Scheer completed one of four insurance broker courses, industry association says". The Star. Ottawa. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
292. Smith, Charlie (October 1, 2019). "Saskatchewan insurance association says Andrew Scheer completed one course in pursuit of becoming licensed agent". The Georgia Straight. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
293. Fife, Robert; Dickson, Janice (October 3, 2019). "Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer holds dual Canadian-U.S. citizenship, had attacked Michaëlle Jean on same issue". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
294. Gillies, Rob (October 3, 2019). "Trudeau's main political rival has American citizenship". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
295. Boutilier, Alex (October 3, 2019). "Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer acknowledges holding U.S. citizenship". The Star. Ottawa. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
296. Cousins, Ben (October 3, 2019). "Scheer on his dual Canadian-U.S. citizenship: 'I've never been asked about it'". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
297. Tasker, John Paul (October 4, 2019). "Andrew Scheer is registered for selective service – the U.S. agency that runs the military draft". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
298. Connolly, Amanda; Cain, Patrick; Akin, David; Russell, Andrew (October 4, 2019). "Andrew Scheer says he did register for the U.S. draft, faces more questions on taxes". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
299. Ryan, Haley (October 3, 2019). "Scheer defends silence on American citizenship during Halifax stop: 'I was never asked'". The Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
300. Smith, Charlie (October 3, 2019). "Andrew Scheer's dual citizenship would not be an issue had Conservatives not been so self-righteous in the past". The Georgia Straight. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
301. Smith, Joanna (October 4, 2019). "Scheer stuck on dual citizenship while promoting tough-on-crime agenda". National Post. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
302. Rabson, Mia (October 16, 2019). "Scheer won't explain travel to U.S. as a citizen without a valid U.S. passport". National Post. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
303. Leblanc, Daniel; Houpt, Simon (October 11, 2019). "CBC and Rosemary Barton take Conservatives to court over election ads". The Globe and Mail. Ottawa. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
304. Higgins, Michael (October 11, 2019). "CBC sues the Conservative party over copyright, 'moral rights' of journalists". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
305. "CBC taking Conservative Party to court over online election ad". CBC News. October 12, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
306. Barton, Rosemary [@RosieBarton] (October 12, 2019). "CBC has issued this statement about its legal filing" (Tweet). Retrieved October 12, 2019 – via Twitter.
307. Levesque, Catherine (October 14, 2019). "Scheer accuse Trudeau d'être désespéré". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
308. Aiello, Rachel (October 17, 2019). "Scheer says party with most seats should have 'right' to form government". CTV News. Ottawa. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
309. Ghoussoub, Michelle (October 16, 2019). "Scheer says he expects the leader with most seats will form government". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
310. Bryden, Joan (October 19, 2019). "'Complete nonsense': Experts dispute Scheer's claims about forming government". globalnews.ca. Archived from the original on October 21, 2019.
311. McGregor, Glen [@glen_mcgregor] (October 17, 2019). "Asked about saying party that gets the most seats should have "right" to govern, Scheer says that's the practice in "modern" times, again says he's looking for a majority mandate" (Tweet). Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Twitter.
312. Simpson, Katie [@CBCkatie] (October 17, 2019). "Scheer is asked about his 'party that gets the most seats comment'. Scheer stands by his comment, they in modern history, the party that wins the most seats forms government. (Not the case in New Brunswick, not the case in BC)" (Tweet). Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Twitter.
313. Tasker, John Paul (October 17, 2019). "Scheer says 'modern convention' means Trudeau must quit if he doesn't win the most seats". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
314. Wherry, Aaron (October 18, 2019). "No, the party with the most seats doesn't always govern". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
315. Curry, Bill; Cardoso, Tom (October 18, 2019). "Kinsella firm hired to 'seek and destroy' Bernier's People's Party, documents show". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
316. Yates, Jeff; Rogers, Kaleigh; Bellemare, Andrea (October 19, 2019). "Kinsella consulting firm worked to 'seek and destroy' Bernier's PPC party, documents say". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
317. Kirkup, Kristy; Curry, Bill; Cardoso, Tom (October 19, 2019). "Scheer won't say if Conservatives hired Kinsella firm to 'seek and destroy' Bernier's People's Party". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
318. Harris, Kathleen (October 19, 2019). "Bernier files complaint to elections watchdog over 'secret' campaign to smear his party". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
319. Jones, Allison (October 19, 2019). "Scheer won't say if Conservatives hired consultant to 'destroy' People's party". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
320. Boutilier, Alex; Benzie, Robert (October 19, 2019). "Scheer refuses to deny Conservatives hired operative to dig up dirt on opponent". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
321. Benjamin, Graeme (June 20, 2019). "NDP part ways with Dartmouth-Cole Harbour candidate over 'recently surfaced tweets'". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
322. Gilmore, Rachel (August 19, 2019). "Former NDP MP Pierre Nantel joins the Green Party". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
323. Weichel, Andrew (September 11, 2019). "NDP candidate dropped over social media spat with pro-pipeline activists". bc.ctvnews.ca. Vancouver. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
324. Kovac, Adam (September 12, 2019). "Montreal-area NDP candidate withdraws over domestic violence allegations". montreal.ctvnews.ca. Montreal. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
325. Goodyear, Sheena (September 4, 2019). "NDP defector says he warned party some N.B. voters are 'uncomfortable' with Jagmeet Singh". CBC Radio. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
326. Bergeron Oliver, Annie (September 17, 2019). "Some voters question whether Canada is ready for a PM with a turban". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
327. @CBCTheNational (September 18, 2019). "She didn't campaign and she didn't live in the riding, but riding the orange wave in 2011, she won and was re-elected in 2015—@RosieBarton talks to NDP MP Ruth Ellen Brosseau about running for her third mandate and the challenges her party faces in Quebec" (Tweet). Retrieved September 24, 2019 – via Twitter.
328. Thibedeau, Hannah (September 16, 2019). "5 things Jagmeet Singh wants you to know about his turban". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
329. Lao, David (September 15, 2019). "Jagmeet Singh wanted to 'show an openness' to Quebec with ad displaying him without a turban". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
330. Marquis, Melanie; Bellavance, Joel-Denis (August 31, 2019). "Le plan d'attaque des partis". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
331. "Jagmeet Singh: 'Cut your turban off,' voter tells NDP leader". BBC. The Canadian Press. October 2, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
332. "Jagmeet Singh challenges man who urged him to 'cut off' his turban". CBC News. October 2, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
333. Gilmore, Rachel (August 22, 2019). "Singh would not support Conservatives if NDP holds the balance of power after fall election". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
334. Aiello, Rachel (September 22, 2019). "Despite Trudeau doing brownface, Singh hasn't ruled out working with Liberals in minority scenario". Federal Election 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
335. Tunney, Catherine (October 10, 2019). "NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh begins to lay out minority scenario priorities". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
336. "Priorities to pumpkin patches: Federal party leaders have light day on campaign trail ahead of French debate". City News. Ottawa. NEWS 1130 Staff and The Canadian Press. October 10, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
337. Wherry, Aaron (October 11, 2019). "Singh doesn't rule out supporting a pipeline-owning Liberal minority government". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
338. Raj, Althia (October 13, 2019). "Singh Will Push For Coalition Government If Tories Fall Shy of Majority". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
339. Rabson, Mia (October 13, 2019). "Singh says NDP would form coalition with the Liberals to stop Tories". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
340. Walsh, Marieke; Carbert, Michelle; Dickson, Janice; Kirkup, Kristy (October 14, 2019). "Trudeau won't rule out coalition to stop 'Conservative cuts' if no party wins majority". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
341. Cousins, Ben (October 14, 2019). "Singh downplays prospect of a coalition, saying 'vote for a New Democrat'". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
342. Turnbull, Sarah (October 17, 2019). "'Coalition' isn't a dirty word: Singh". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
343. Lévesque, Catherine (August 9, 2019). "André Parizeau will be Bloc candidate in Ahuntsic-Cartierville". The Gazette. Montreal. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
344. Paré, Étienne (August 16, 2019), L'ancien chef du Parti communiste sera finalement candidat pour le Bloc (in French), Montreal, archived from the original on July 6, 2021, retrieved September 12, 2019{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
345. Ballingall, Alex (October 3, 2019). "Bloc Québécois blasted for urging voters to support candidates 'qui vous ressemblent'". The Star. Ottawa. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
346. Lum, Zi-Ann (October 3, 2019). "Bloc Quebecois Defends Asking Voters To Pick Politicians That 'Resemble You'". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
347. Leblanc, Daniel (October 3, 2019). "Bloc Québécois urges Quebeckers to elect MPs 'who resemble you'". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
348. Carbasse, Mathieu (October 3, 2019). "Jour 23 : Trudeau et Scheer prolongent le débat". L’actualité (in Canadian French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
349. Federal Leaders' Debate 2019, CBC News, October 7, 2019, event occurs at 40:48, archived from the original on July 6, 2021, retrieved October 10, 2019
350. Nardi, Christopher (October 10, 2019). "Propos anti-islam: des candidats du Bloc embarrassants". Le Journal de Montréal (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
351. Leblanc, Daniel (October 9, 2019). "Bloc says up to Quebeckers to judge its candidates' social-media posts". The Globe and Mail. Ottawa. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
352. Laframboise, Kalina (October 10, 2019). "Bloc Québécois leader issues apology over candidates' social media posts". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
353. Boshra, Basem (October 10, 2019). "Bloc leader apologizes for 'inappropriate' social media posts by party candidates". CTV News. Montreal. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
354. MacFarlane, John (October 10, 2019). "Bloc leader apologizes for candidates' Islamophobic and racist social media posts". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
355. Ménard, Marc-Antoine (October 13, 2019). "Le Bloc québécois ne participera à aucune coalition | Élections Canada 2019" (in Canadian French). CBC/Radio-Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
356. "Bloc: Blanchet exclut à nouveau toute alliance". La Presse (in French). October 13, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
357. Nyznik, Jessica; Kovach, Joelle (August 17, 2019). "Former Green party candidate says he didn't step down over fraud accusations". ThePeterboroughExaminer.com. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
358. Ballingall, Alex (August 16, 2019). "Green candidate forced to resign after criticizing mosque leader". Toronto Star. Ottawa. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
359. Connolly, Amanda (September 12, 2019). "Green Party candidate resigns over post about mailing pig carcass to Muslims". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
360. Tunney, Catharine (October 7, 2019). "Green Party drops anti-abortion candidate in Ontario riding". CBC News. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
361. MacDonald, Brennan (September 9, 2019). "Green Party won't ban members from trying to reopen abortion debate, says May". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
362. May, Elizabeth (September 9, 2019). "Elizabeth May clarifies position on abortion, says Green Party screens out candidates who disagree". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
363. Tasker, John Paul (September 12, 2019). "'Of course I'm a sovereignist,' Green candidate says after Elizabeth May insists he's not". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
364. Barton, Rosemary [@RosieBarton] (September 13, 2019). "If May wants to keep him as a candidate that's fine, but this reasoning is nonsensical and is frankly ridiculous. The sovereigntist movement's primary goal is to separate" (Tweet). Retrieved September 15, 2019 – via Twitter.
365. Hébert, Chantal [@ChantalHbert] (September 14, 2019). "Sérieusement ???" (Tweet) (in French). Retrieved September 15, 2019 – via Twitter.
366. Paling, Emma (September 16, 2019). "Jack Layton's Son Asks May To Stop Invoking His Dad For 'Political Points'". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
367. Tasker, John Paul (September 10, 2019). "Green candidates say they don't remember past anti-abortion comments". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
368. "Chatham-Kent-Leamington Green party candidate clarifies position on abortion". Windsor: CBC News. September 17, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
369. "Strongly worded posts by Regina Green candidate decried by Holocaust studies group". Saskatchewan: CBC News. The Canadian Press. September 13, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
370. "Four Green nominees in Quebec made Islamophobic comments, party says". Montreal: CBC News. The Canadian Press. October 15, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
371. "4 Quebec Green Party Candidates To Apologize For Islamophobic Comments". HuffPost. Ottawa. The Canadian Press. October 15, 2019. Archived from the original on October 22, 2019. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
372. Forrest, Maura; Thomson, Stuart (September 23, 2019). "Green Party used Photoshop to add reusable cup and metal straw to photo of Elizabeth May". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
373. Cecco, Leyland (September 25, 2019). "Canada's Green Party alters photo of leader using single-use cup". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
374. Yeung, Jessie (September 29, 2019). "Canada's Green Party doctors a picture of its leader holding a disposable cup". CNN. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
375. "Elizabeth May : engagée contre l'urgence climatique" (in Canadian French). CBC/Radio-Canada. September 29, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
376. Gilmore, Rachel (September 3, 2019). "May: Greens won't support any minority government given current climate plans". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
377. Thurton, David (September 26, 2019). "Greens wouldn't support a minority government that moves to build the Trans Mountain pipeline". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
378. "Discuter de coalition est " prématuré ", dit Elizabeth May". La Presse (in French). La Presse Canadienne. October 17, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
379. "Green Leader Elizabeth May calls talk of a coalition government 'premature'". CTV News. Qualicum Beach, B.C. The Canadian Press. October 17, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
380. Thibodeau, Marc (February 14, 2019). "Un conseiller de Maxime Bernier défend ses écrits polémiques". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
381. Siros, Alexandre (February 15, 2019). "Les liaisons dangereuses de Bernier". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
382. Kamel, Zachary; Patriquin, Martin; Picazo, Alheli (February 8, 2019). "Maxime Bernier's alt-right problem". TheStar. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
383. "Le langage codé des politiciens et militants pour s'adresser à la marge" (in Canadian French). CBC/Radio-Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
384. Taekema, Dan (June 6, 2019). "People's Party of Canada slammed for racist tweet from Burlington account". Hamilton: CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
385. @ctvqp (September 15, 2019). "People's Party Leader @MaximeBernier says he wants to repeal the multiculturalism act, saying he takes issue with "extreme multiculturalism." #ctvqp #cdnpoli #elxn43pic.twitter.com/bOYPY0HGWD" (Tweet). Retrieved October 7, 2019 – via Twitter.
386. Maimann, Kevin (July 10, 2019). "Maxime Bernier criticized for posing with members of Northern Guard at Calgary Stampede". The Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
387. Rieger, Sarah (July 7, 2019). "Maxime Bernier photographed with members of alleged hate group in Calgary". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
388. Lum, Zi-Ann (July 31, 2019). "Maxime Bernier 'Had No Idea' He Posed With White Supremacist Paul Fromm: Party". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
389. "Three Times Maxime Bernier Was Caught in Photos With Far-Right Extremists". PressProgress. August 1, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
390. Moro, Teviah (August 1, 2019). "People's Party leader Maxime Bernier pictured with Hamilton white nationalist Paul Fromm". The Hamilton Spectator. Archived from the original on October 21, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
391. Russell, Andrew; Bell, Stewart (September 24, 2019). "Former neo-Nazi, Pegida Canada official among People's Party of Canada signatories". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
392. "Trois membres connus de l'extrême droite ont endossé la création du parti de Maxime Bernier". Le Journal de Montréal (in French). September 23, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
393. Picazo, Alheli (August 30, 2019). "Maxime Bernier Should Have Known A Neo-Nazi Was Working For His Party". Canadaland. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
394. Prévost, Hugo (August 29, 2019). "Le Parti populaire du Canada coupe les ponts avec un organisateur au lourd passé". Radio Canada (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
395. Vastel, Marie (September 23, 2019). "Les liens troubles du PPC". Le Devoir (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
396. White-Crummey, Arthur (July 30, 2019). "Bernier defends Sask. candidate who urged 'more hate speech'". Regina Leader-Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
397. Breen, Kerri (September 2, 2019). "Maxime Bernier calls teen climate activist 'mentally unstable' – National". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
398. Ferreras, Jesse (September 4, 2019). "After labelling Greta Thunberg 'mentally unstable,' Maxime Bernier calls her 'brave'". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
399. Dawson, Tyler (November 18, 2019). "Maxime Bernier has one election regret, but says he's definitely running again". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
400. Khan, Ahmar (September 18, 2019). "People's Party candidate Steven Fletcher accused of taking voter data from Conservatives". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
401. "People's Party candidate in Beauséjour faces criticism for 'racist' comments". CBC News. September 19, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
402. Benjamin, Graeme (October 10, 2019). "Halifax-area PPC candidate under fire for Islamophobic tweets". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
403. "People's Party won't take action against N.S. candidate who called Islam 'pure evil'". CBC News. October 10, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
404. "'Absolutely, yes:' Bernier confirms Nova Scotia PPC candidate's tweets were racist". Global News. October 12, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
405. Laframboise, Kalina (September 6, 2019). "Ken Pereira will not run for People's Party of Canada". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
406. Boothby, Lauren (September 12, 2019). "PPC ousts candidate who asks Bernier to denounce racism in ranks". CityNews Edmonton. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
407. Pinkerton, Charlie (September 30, 2019). "PPC candidate quits, says party's 'divisive' and Bernier's using 'dark and dangerous' tactics". iPolitics. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
408. Rollason, Kevin (October 8, 2019). "Winnipeg North PPC candidate ends run for 'racist, intolerant' party". Winnipeg Free Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
409. Lorange, Simon-Olivier (October 9, 2019). "Un autre candidat du Parti populaire claque la porte". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
410. "Why Canadians won't see ads about climate change". BBC News. August 19, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
411. "Environmental groups warned that saying climate change is real could be seen as partisan". CBC News. The Canadian Press. August 19, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
412. Zimonjic, Peter (August 20, 2019). "Environmental groups can still talk climate change during election, says Canada's chief electoral officer". Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
413. Paas-Lang, Christian (August 23, 2019). "Third party buys billboard to promote Bernier's immigration stance". Ottawa. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
414. Cosh, Colby (August 27, 2019). "Colby Cosh: How a 'leftist mob' handed Mad Max a pre-election gift". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
415. Smith, Joanna (August 26, 2019). "Third-party advertiser disavows 'mass immigration' message on billboards". Global News. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
416. Smith, Joanna (August 27, 2019). "Billboard company 'appalled' no one taking ownership of Bernier ads". CTV News. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
417. Paas-Lang, Christian (October 3, 2019). "Manning Centre a primary backer for series of anti-Liberal Facebook pages". CBC News. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
418. Livesey, Bruce (October 17, 2019). "Andrew Scheer: Big Oil's secret weapon". National Observer. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
419. Maher, Stephen (October 12, 2019). "The 'excessively violent' election ad, paid for by the Manning Centre". Maclean's. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
420. Keller, James; Cryderman, Kelly (October 15, 2019). "Manning Centre won't disclose source of donations to third parties for attack ads on Liberals". The Globe and Mail. Calgary. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
421. McIntosh, Emma (October 17, 2019). "Explainer: The rise of Canada's right-wing meme pages". National Observer. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
422. Beland, Gabriel (October 17, 2019). "Le groupe de pression Québec Fier visé par une plainte électorale". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
423. Keller, James (October 16, 2019). "Former chief electoral officer calls for next federal government to close loophole in third-party donation law". The Globe and Mail. Calgary. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
424. "How do the main parties compare on these issues?". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
425. "CDN Vote Quiz". cdnvotequiz.com. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
426. Bernier, Maxime. "Ending Corporate Welfare". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
427. "Public Finance: Balancing the Budget in Two Years and Cutting Taxes". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on November 4, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
428. Connolly, Amanda (September 24, 2018). "To get Trans Mountain built, Andrew Scheer says he would invoke constitutional powers, ban foreign funds". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
429. "2019 federal election platform guide: Where the parties stand on everything". Maclean's. April 30, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
430. "Pipelines: Allowing our Oil and Gas Industry to Grow". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on November 4, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
431. Bernier, Maxime. "Privatize Canada Post". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
432. Press, Jordan (December 21, 2018). "Federal budget won't be balanced until 2040, Finance Department says – National". Global News. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
433. Scotti, Monique (December 17, 2017). "'I don't have a firm line on balanced budgets': Jagmeet Singh – National". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
434. Bernier, Maxime. "Balanced Budgets". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
435. "2019 federal election platform tracker: Where the major parties stand so far – BNN Bloomberg". BNN. October 15, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
436. "Proportional Representation". Green Party of Canada. Archived from the original on May 12, 2019. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
437. "Let Them Vote". Green Party of Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
438. "NDP Statement on Electoral Reform in British Columbia". Canada's NDP (Press release). December 20, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
439. Gunter, Lorne (September 24, 2018). "GUNTER: Scheer's Trans Mountain plan makes sense". Edmonton Sun. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
440. Tasker, John Paul (December 3, 2018). "Alberta's oil price gap 'directly related to Justin Trudeau's policies,' says Scheer". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
441. Forrest, Maura (May 31, 2018). "Tories call Liberals' new environmental assessment overhaul a 'death knell' for natural resource projects". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
442. "– elizabethmaymp.ca – December 27, 2018". Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
443. Tasker, John Paul (August 31, 2018). "Trudeau committed to building Trans Mountain despite new legal challenges". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
444. Cheadle, Bruce (November 29, 2016). "Justin Trudeau halts Northern Gateway, approves Kinder Morgan expansion, Line 3". Global News. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
445. Kirkup, Kristy (June 17, 2017). "Jagmeet Singh comes out against Kinder Morgan pipeline in climate change plan". Toronto Star. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
446. "Global Warming and Environment: Rejecting Alarmism and Focusing on Concrete Improvements". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on May 5, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
447. "Andrew Scheer on Guns: Recap of New Conservative Leader's Policy". TheGunBlog.ca. May 27, 2017. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
448. "Scheer Pledges to Repeal Bill C-71, Rejects Handgun Ban". TheGunBlog.ca. September 19, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
449. Tasker, John Paul (November 20, 2018). "Andrew Scheer pushes lifetime firearms ban for criminals, calls Liberal policies 'lazy'". CBC News. Archived from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
450. "Green Party calls for Canada-wide ban on semi-automatic rifles, handguns". Tri-City News. August 14, 2019. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
451. Harris, Kathleen (September 30, 2019). "Liberals promise to prohibit semi-automatic assault rifles, allow cities to ban handguns". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
452. Wright, Teresa (August 2, 2018). "NDP's Singh urges feds to immediately allow cities to ban handguns". The Globe and Mail. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
453. "Firearms: Respecting Legal Firearms Owners and Targeting Criminals". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
454. Kohut, Tania (December 4, 2018). "Canada's immigration policies must not be dictated by UN migration pact: Scheer – National". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
455. Levitz, Stephanie (February 26, 2018). "Scheer says Tories will recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital if elected". CBC News. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
456. Tasker, John Paul (August 25, 2018). "Conservative delegates defeat anti-abortion resolution, endorse moving Canadian Embassy to Jerusalem". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
457. "Foreign Policy: Focusing on the Security and Prosperity of Canadians". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
458. Bernier, Maxime. "Security and Prosperity for Canadians Article". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on April 16, 2019. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
459. Berthiaume, Lee (February 17, 2018). "Singh takes aim at Netflix, wants pharmacare and dental care". CP24. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
460. "4.9 Ending the war on drugs". Green Party of Canada. Archived from the original on May 9, 2019. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
461. "Jagmeet Singh says carding is a form of systemic racism, should be banned". Global News. The Canadian Press. April 5, 2018. Archived from the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
462. Wright, Teresa (June 15, 2018). "Scheer calls on Trudeau to put a stop to 'queue jumping' at Canada-U.S. border". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
463. "Canada to increase annual immigration admissions to 350,000 by 2021". CTV News. The Canadian Press. October 31, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
464. Bernier, Maxime. "An Immigration Policy to Fulfill Canada's Economic Needs". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
465. "Immigration: Reducing Overall Levels and Prioritizing Skilled Immigrants". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on July 21, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
466. "Canadian Identity: Ending Official Multiculturalism and Preserving Canadian Values and Culture". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
467. "Indigenous Issues: A New Relationship Based on Mutual Respect". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on March 20, 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
468. "Veterans: Standing behind the men and women who sacrificed for our country". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
469. Ljunggren, David (October 20, 2019). "Trudeau, Scheer slam Blanchet's Quebec sovereignty comment on last day of campaign". Global News. Reuters. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
470. "Internal Trade: Getting Rid of Interprovincial Trade Barriers". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
471. Zimonjic, Peter; Barton, Rosemary (June 28, 2017). "Andrew Scheer says he will not appoint independent senators if elected prime minister". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
472. Tasker, John Paul (December 12, 2018). "Trudeau names four new senators — including a failed Liberal candidate". CBC News. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
473. "Abolishing the Senate would see Canadians better represented, NDP leader says". Global News. The Canadian Press. October 15, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
474. Smith, Marie-Danielle (August 25, 2018). "Andrew Scheer explains his positions on Sir John A. Macdonald, campus free speech, abortion, porn and more". National Post. Halifax. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
475. "Freedom of Expression: Protecting Canadians from Censorship and Discrimination". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
476. Schriver, Michelle (September 24, 2019). "Conservatives would repeal passive income rules for small businesses". Investment Executive. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
477. "Economy: Encouraging Investment and Productivity Growth". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
478. Aiello, Rachel (April 29, 2018). "Scheer says his climate plan will meet Paris targets without a carbon tax". CTV News. Ottawa. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
479. Raj, Althia (January 16, 2018). "Elizabeth May 'Horrified' By Liberal Carbon Tax Plan". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
480. Green, Kenneth (June 27, 2018). "We're finally told what the carbon tax will cost us. Are you sitting down?". Financial Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
481. Singh, Jagmeet [@theJagmeetSingh] (August 1, 2018). "Prime Minister Trudeau is no climate leader. With wildfires raging across North America, we're seeing the real effects of climate change today, and on future generations.My thoughts on today's #carbontax news" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
482. Bernier, Maxime (August 6, 2016). "Carbon pricing is not a market-based solution". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
483. Bernier, Maxime (September 20, 2016). "Release: Unleashing Canada". People's Party of Canada (Press release). Toronto. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
484. Bernier, Maxime (October 6, 2016). "Responsible Plan for Income Tax Cuts". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
485. "Health Care: Giving Provinces the Incentives to Deal with Wait Times and Rising Costs". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
486. "Andrew Scheer calls for ban on import of oil from Saudi Arabia | Watch News Videos Online". Global News. October 23, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
487. Ungku, Fathin (November 15, 2018). "Trudeau intends to work toward free-trade deal with China, despite clause in USMCA". The Globe and Mail. Reuters. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
488. "Supply Management: Making Dairy, Poultry, and Eggs More Affordable". People's Party of Canada. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
489. Hill, Brian (September 13, 2019). "Reality check: Scheer's claim about refugees 'jumping the queue' is false – National". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
490. Scotti, Monique (March 2, 2017). "Reality check: Are asylum seekers 'queue jumping' and other key questions". Global News. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
491. Zimonjic, Peter (September 17, 2019). "Conservatives forced to delete tweet alleging Trudeau under RCMP investigation". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
492. Russell, Andrew (September 17, 2019). "Reality check: No, the RCMP did not confirm an investigation into SNC-Lavalin scandal – National". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
493. Bogart, Nicole (September 18, 2019). "Truth Tracker: No, RCMP Commissioner Brenda Lucki isn't related to Bill Morneau". Federal Election 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
494. Bellemare, Andrea (September 18, 2019). "False online rumour claims RCMP chief is married to Bill Morneau's cousin". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
495. Dan MacGuill (October 9, 2019). "Did Justin Trudeau Stop Teaching at a Vancouver Private School Under the Cloud of a Sex Scandal?". Snopes.com. Archived from the original on October 28, 2022. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
496. Khandelwal, Devika (January 20, 2022). "False: Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau had sexual relations with a minor and had her sign a two and a quarter million dollar non-disclosure agreement so no one would find out about it". Logically. Archived from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 18, 2023.
497. Chown Oved, Marco (October 9, 2019). "Anatomy of a manufactured election scandal". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
498. McIntosh, Emma (October 10, 2019). "A fake Justin Trudeau sex scandal went viral. Canada's election-integrity law can't stop it". National Observer. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
499. McIntosh, Emma; Syed, Fatima; Watson, H. G. (October 7, 2019). "Six fact checks from the first official English-language leaders debate". National Observer. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
500. "Official NDP Statement re: Morneau Shepell". Canada's NDP (Press release). November 15, 2019. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
501. "The Maclean's / Citytv National Leaders Debate 2019". Maclean's. August 20, 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
502. Zimonjic, Peter (September 12, 2019). "Scheer, Singh and May debate China, Indigenous issues and an absent Trudeau". CBC News. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
503. Paas-Lang, Christian (August 8, 2018). "Munk Debates calls on federal leaders to sign up for foreign policy debate". CTV News. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
504. "Trudeau no-show leads to cancellation of Munk debate on foreign policy". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
505. ""Face-à-Face": les chefs ont tout donné". TVA Nouvellesz (in French). October 2, 2019.
506. "Federal party leaders, moderators confirmed for leadership debates in October". CTV News. August 20, 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
507. "CBC's Rosemary Barton to be among federal debate moderators — CBC News". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. August 20, 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
508. "National climate debate cancelled after Conservatives refuse to participate". The Globe and Mail. October 10, 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
509. "GitHub – tylerecouture/wikiplot". May 14, 2017 – via GitHub.
510. Grenier, Éric (October 30, 2019). "Few losing opposition leaders get a second chance – and fewer still succeed if they get it". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
511. "Canadian Election Results". Simon Fraser University. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
512. Britneff, Beatrice (October 23, 2019). "Canada election: The 2019 results by the numbers". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
513. "Federal election 2019: Trudeau's Liberals have a minority government. What now? A guide to Oct. 21's results". The Globe and Mail. October 22, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
514. Fournier, Philippe J. (October 29, 2019). "Libéraux des villes, bloquistes des champs". L'actualité (in Canadian French). Retrieved October 31, 2019.
515. Clarke, Seán; Levett, Cath (October 23, 2019). "Canada election 2019: full results". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
516. Fournier, Philippe (October 27, 2019). "A 338Canada analysis: Where the Conservatives lost". Maclean's. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
517. Ivison, John (October 22, 2019). "Liberals and NDP lost a lot, but Jagmeet Singh risks losing more". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
518. Montpetit, Jonathan (October 26, 2019). "The decline and fall of the NDP in Quebec". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
519. Woods, Mei (October 23, 2019). "Nunavut's New MP Is Ready To Bring The Youth Voice To Parliament". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
520. Maimann, Kevin; Mosleh, Omar (October 21, 2019). "NDP wins Edmonton Strathcona, the lone riding in Alberta that did not elect a Conservative MP in Monday's election". The Star. Edmonton. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
521. Toy, Adam (October 22, 2019). "Edmonton Strathcona becomes the only non-Conservative seat in Alberta after voting in NDP Heather McPherson". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
522. Flanagan, Ryan (October 22, 2019). "The 6 biggest surprises of election night". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
523. Laframboise, Kalina (October 22, 2019). "NDP all but disappears in Quebec as Liberals form minority government". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
524. Goodyear, Sheena (October 22, 2019). "Green Party's 1st MP outside B.C. says flooding made climate change 'top issue' in her N.B. riding". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
525. "Transcript: Elizabeth May's post-election speech". Maclean's. October 22, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
526. Elections Canada | Official Voting Results, Forty-Third General Election
527. Carman, Tara (October 23, 2019). "How vote-splitting helped – and hurt – the federal parties". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
528. Cain, Patrick (October 24, 2019). "People's Party may have cost the Tories 6 ridings on election night". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
529. Berthiaume, Lee (October 23, 2019). "Upstart People's Party had little impact on election results: Analysis". CTV News. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
530. Pinkerton, Charlie (October 22, 2019). "PPC votes appear to have cost the CPC some seats, but former Tory strategist isn't sure". iPolitics. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
531. Bryden, Joan (October 29, 2019). "Poll suggests plenty of Canadians voted strategically to stop a party from winning". CBC News. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
532. Campbell, Meagan (October 25, 2019). "Liberals benefited most from strategic voting, poll of late-deciding voters finds". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
533. Lupick, Travis (October 22, 2019). "A record 98 women elected to Canada's 43rd Parliament, but equality advocates say that's not good enough". The Georgia Straight. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
534. Lao, David; Britneff, Beatrice (October 23, 2019). "Canada set a new record for most elected female MPs, but advocates expected more". Global News. Archived from the original on October 24, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
535. Tasker, John Paul; Zimonjic, Peter (November 4, 2019). "Elizabeth May steps down as Green Party leader". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
536. "Canada Conservative leader in surprise resignation". BBC News. December 12, 2019. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
537. Jones, Ryan Patrick (October 29, 2019). "Defeated parties ask for recounts in 3 narrowly-won ridings". CBC News. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
538. "Courts order election recounts in Quebec, B.C. ridings". CBC News. October 31, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
539. McGregor, Janyce (November 1, 2019). "Third federal election recount to proceed in Quebec City riding". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
540. "Recounts ordered in B.C., Quebec ridings after narrow federal election results". CTV News. Ottawa. The Canadian Press. November 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
541. Vigliotti, Marco (November 8, 2019). "Recounts in B.C. and Quebec fail to change initial tallies". iPolitics. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
542. "Elections Canada recount in B.C. riding terminated at NDP candidate's request". Times Colonist. November 7, 2019. Archived from the original on November 8, 2019. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
543. Luft, Amy (November 7, 2019). "Bloc concedes in Quebec riding: Duclos will keep seat for Liberals". CTV News Montreal. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
544. "Bloc Quebecois concedes Hochelaga, abandons recount". CTV News Montreal. November 4, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
545. Cromwell, Andrew (October 22, 2019). "Saint John-Rothesay MP-elect calls for electoral reform following federal election results". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
546. "Singh Says Election Results Show The Voting System Is 'Broken'". HuffPost. October 22, 2019. Archived from the original on November 2, 2019. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
547. Hayes, Matthew (October 24, 2019). "What the Canadian election results would have looked like with electoral reform". The Conversation. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
548. Robertson, Dylan (November 1, 2019). "Federal electoral reform under microscope once more". Winnipeg Free Press. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
549. Winfield, Mark (October 23, 2019). "Federal election frustrations for the Greens highlight electoral system flaws – again". The Conversation. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
550. Coyne, Andrew (October 24, 2019). "Our winner-take-all system turns too many voters into losers and leaders into gamblers". National Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
551. Renzeth, Elizabeth (October 22, 2019). "Opinion: After a sad joke of a federal election, it's time to make every vote count". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
552. Schachter, Harvey (October 31, 2019). "Opinion: We need to stop spinning our wheels and fix our electoral system". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
553. Bowen, Warren (October 25, 2019). "Do the math – Canadians aren't getting the government they're voting for". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
554. Breakenridge, Rob (October 26, 2019). "COMMENTARY: Monday's weird election result is no reason to abandon our electoral system". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
555. Hepburn, Bob (October 30, 2019). "Six reasons to just say 'No' to electoral reform". The Star. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
556. O'Sullivan, Dominic (October 29, 2019). "What Canada can learn from New Zealand on electoral reform". The Conversation. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
557. Meloche-Holubowski, Mélanie; Shiab, Naël (October 23, 2019). "How would proportional representation have shaped this election's results?". CBC/Radio-Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
558. Fournier, Philippe J. (November 12, 2019). "Who wins Election 2019 under a ranked-ballot system". Maclean's. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
559. May, Elizabeth (October 24, 2019). "Letter from Elizabeth May to Prime Minister Trudeau". Green Party of Canada (Press release). Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
560. Zimonjic, Peter; Harris, Kathleen (October 24, 2019). "Elizabeth May says she's staying on as leader – for now". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
561. "Electoral reform revival? Support for changing voting systems skyrockets post election". Angus Reid Institute. November 22, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
562. Bogart, Nicole (October 22, 2019). "'Ottawa doesn't care': Western separatist movement gains traction as Albertans react to Liberal victory". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
563. Laing, Zach (November 3, 2019). "Canada, Wexit targeted in Russian disinformation campaign, experts say". Calgary Herald. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
564. Romero, Diego (October 22, 2019). "#Wexit: Company says bots, aggregators boosted Alberta separatist movement on Twitter". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
565. Rieger, Sarah (November 4, 2019). "Wexit group applies to become federal political party". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
566. Maryam, Shah (November 6, 2019). "Separatist sentiment in Alberta, Saskatchewan at 'historic' highs: Ipsos poll". Global News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
567. "Ipsos poll on Western separation records historic highs". Global News. November 6, 2019. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
568. Dryden, Joel (January 11, 2020). "Wexit party granted eligibility for next federal election". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
569. "Registered Political Parties and Parties Eligible for Registration". Elections Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
570. Cooper, Sam. "Canadian intelligence warned PM Trudeau that China covertly funded 2019 election candidates: Sources". Global News.
571. "Trudeau accuses China of 'aggressive' election interference". BBC News.
572. "Trudeau: China playing 'aggressive games' with Canadian democracy". DW.
573. "China trying to gut Canada's democracy: PM". Taipei Times. The Guardian.
574. "China playing 'aggressive games' with Canada democracy: Trudeau". France 24.
575. "Trudeau says he was not briefed on federal candidates allegedly receiving funds from China". globalnews.ca.
576. David, Ljunggren (April 8, 2024). "Canada spies found China interfered in last two elections, probe hears". Reuters. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
577. "Deregistration of the Progressive Canadian Party" (Press release). Elections Canada. October 30, 2019. Archived from the original on November 17, 2019. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
578. "Deregistration of The United Party of Canada" (Press release). Elections Canada. December 9, 2020. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
579. "Deregistration of Stop Climate Change" (Press release). Elections Canada. March 11, 2021. Archived from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021.

Official reports

• Canada. Office of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada (2020). "Report on the 43rd General Election of October 21, 2019" (PDF). Report of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada on the ... General Election. Gatineau: Elections Canada. ISSN 1498-461X.
• Canada. Office of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada (2020). Retrospective Report on the 43rd General Election of October 21, 2019 (PDF). Gatineau: Elections Canada. ISBN 978-0-660-38268-5.

External links

• Elections Canada