2014 European Parliament election

The 2014 European Parliament election was held in the European Union (EU) between 22 and 25 May 2014. It was the 8th parliamentary election since the first direct elections in 1979, and the first in which the European political parties fielded candidates for President of the Commission.

2014 European Parliament election

← 2009 22–25 May 2014 2019 →
← outgoing members elected members →
All 751 seats in the European Parliament 376 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	163,551,013 (42.54%[1] 0.7 pp)
Leader Jean-Claude Juncker Martin Schulz Syed Kamall Alliance EPP S&D ECR Leader's seat Luxembourg[a] Germany London Last election 265 (36%) 183 (25%) 54 (7.3%) Seats before 274 183 57 Seats won 221 185 45 Seats after 221 (29.4%) 191 (25.4%) 70 (9.3%) Seat change 44 8 16 Popular vote 38,610,376 40,202,068 8,612,168 Percentage 23.8% 24.4% 5.2% Swing 6.6% 0.4% 2.0%   Leader Guy Verhofstadt Alexis Tsipras Ska Keller José Bové Alliance ALDE GUE/NGL Greens/EFA Leader's seat Belgium (Dutch) Greece[a] Germany France Last election 84 (11.4%) 35 (4.8%) 55 (7.5%) Seats before 83 35 58 Seats won 59 45 47 Seats after 67 (8.9%) 52 (6.9%) 50 (6.7%) Seat change 16 17 5 Popular vote 11,652,405 9,243,548 12,058,475 Percentage 7.0% 5.6% 7.3% Swing 2.5% 2.1% 0.8%   Leader Nigel Farage & David Borrelli Alliance EFDD Leader's seat South East England North-East Italy Last election 32 (4.3%) Seats before 31 Seats won 38 Seats after 48 (6.4%) Seat change 16 Popular vote 10,830,339 Percentage 6.6% Swing 2.1%
Post-election composition of each member state's delegation
President of the European Commission before election José Manuel Barroso EPP President of the European Commission after election Jean-Claude Juncker EPP

The candidates, sometimes referred to by the German term Spitzenkandidaten (English: top candidates),^[2] were Jean-Claude Juncker for the European People's Party,^[3] Martin Schulz for the Party of European Socialists, Guy Verhofstadt for the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, Ska Keller and José Bové jointly for the European Green Party and Alexis Tsipras for the Party of the European Left. The Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists^[4] and the European Alliance for Freedom declined to nominate candidates.

While the European People's Party lost ground to the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, it remained the largest faction in the new Parliament, resulting in the EPP's nomination of Jean-Claude Juncker as Commission President at the European Council. In turn, the European Council accepted the nomination by a simple majority (only David Cameron and Viktor Orban voted against Juncker).

Background

The Council of the European Union decided to hold the 2014 elections in late May instead of early June as had been the case with previous EP elections.^[5] The elections were brought forward to provide more time for the election of a president of the European Commission, and because they would otherwise have coincided with the Pentecost weekend which falls during school holidays in many member states.^[6]

The ongoing Eurozone crisis, an offshoot of the Great Recession, started several months after the last Parliament election in June 2009.^[7] Although it affected most EU member states, the hardest-hit economies were those of southern Europe: Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, along with Ireland. Among other reasons, harsh austerity measures significantly affected the public approval of EU leadership. The percentage of Greeks approving the EU leadership decreased from 32% in 2010 to 19% in 2013, while in Spain, the approval dwindled more than a half from 59% in 2008 to 27% in 2013.^[8] Overall, only four of the 27 members countries approved the EU leadership.^[9] Peter S. Goodman suggests that "distrust about the treaties and conventions that hold together modern Europe appear at an all-time high."^[10] "Europe's establishment parties are widely expected to suffer their worst performance" since 1979, with the three mainstream parties (EPP, PES, ALDE) expected to collectively gain 63% of the vote, a 10% loss since 2009.^[11]

The Economist estimated in January 2014 that "anti-EU populists of the left and right could take between 16% and 25% of the parliament's seats, up from 12% today."^[12] Euromoney predicted "anti-EU populists and nationalists" winning around 150 seats in the parliament, almost 20% of the total.^[13] A Policy Network article from February 2014 suggested that despite the media focus on anti-EU parties, they "will undoubtedly remain modest compared to" other mainstream parties, but "their growth and their intentions to cooperate, signify important changes for the EU and European politics."^[14] In several countries, far-right and right-wing populist parties were expected to be in contention to poll the most votes in this election, including parties in Austria (Freedom Party),^[15] Denmark (People's Party),^[16] France (National Front),^[17] the Netherlands (Party for Freedom),^[18] and the UK (UKIP).^[19] In Greece, the left-wing Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) consistently led the polling in the leadup to the election.^[20] In Italy the populist and anti-establishment Five Star Movement, according to the polls, was expected to be the second most popular party after the Democratic Party, with about 25% of votes.^[21]

In January 2014, José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission, said, "We are seeing, in fact, a rise of extremism from the extreme right and from the extreme left" and suggested that the election might become "a festival of unfounded reproaches against Europe."^[22]

Presidential candidates

The Lisbon Treaty, which entered into force on 1 December 2009, provides that the European Parliament shall endorse or veto the appointment of the president of the European Commission on the basis of a proposal made by the European Council, taking into account the European elections (article 17, paragraph 7 of the Treaty on European Union). This provision applied for the first time for the 2014 elections.

Nevertheless, senior figures such as European Council president Herman Van Rompuy,^[23] German Chancellor Angela Merkel,^[24] and former Commission president Jacques Delors^[25] questioned the aspiration of European political parties to link the presidency of the European Commission with the result of the European elections and insisted that the future Commission president has to suit Member States' expectations first.

Based on these new provisions, the following European political parties designated candidates for Commission president ahead of the 2014 election: the Party of European Socialists (PES),^[26][27][28] the European People's Party (EPP),^[29] the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE party),^[30] the European Green Party (EGP),^[31] the Party of European Left (EL)^[32] and the European Democratic Party.^[33]

Overview

European political party			EP Group	Lead candidate(s)
	EPP	European People's Party	EPP Group	Jean-Claude Juncker
	PES	Party of European Socialists	S&D	Martin Schulz
	ALDE	Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party	ALDE Group	Guy Verhofstadt
	EDP	European Democratic Party
	EGP	European Green Party	Greens/EFA	José Bové, Ska Keller
	EFA	European Free Alliance		None
	AECR	Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists	ECR	None
	PEL	Party of the European Left	GUE/NGL	Alexis Tsipras
	MELD	Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy	EFD	None
	EAF	European Alliance for Freedom	NI	None
	ECPM	European Christian Political Movement	ECR, EFD	None

European People's Party

On 6 and 7 March 2014, the congress of the European People's Party in Dublin elected Jean-Claude Juncker as its presidential candidate, who run against Michel Barnier,^[34] and adopted an election manifesto.^[35][36] Juncker set out the priorities he would have as president:^[3]

1. Create growth and jobs
2. Reform and reorganise the European energy policy into a new energy union
3. Negotiate a reasonable and balanced trade agreement with the United States
4. Continue with the reform of the Economic and Monetary Union, with the European social dimension in mind
   1. Re-balance the relationship between elected politicians and the European Central Bank in the daily management of the Eurozone
   2. Re-balance the way in which we grant conditional stability support to Eurozone countries in financial difficulties
   3. Strengthen the external projection of our monetary union
5. give an answer to the British question

Juncker also set out five priorities on the subject of immigration:

1. Implement the Common European Asylum System
2. Step up the practical assistance provided by the European Asylum Support Office
3. Step up cooperation with third countries, particularly North African countries
4. More political determination when it comes to legal migration
5. Secure Europe's borders

Finally he set out three foreign policy objectives:

1. Making the High Representative act like a true European Minister of Foreign Affairs
2. Permanent structured cooperation in defence matters
3. A pause for enlargement

Party of European Socialists

The Common Candidate process of the Party of European Socialists was carried out according to the following timetable:^[37]

• 1–31 October 2013: nominations.
• 6 November 2013: PES Presidency meeting to check the candidacies and publish the official list of candidates.
• 1 December 2013 – 31 January 2014: internal selection process within each member Party or organisation.
• February 2014: PES Election Congress to ratify the votes on the candidate, adopt the Manifesto, and launch the PES European election campaign.

Following the defeat of the Party of European Socialists during the European elections of June 2009, the PES made the decision that PES would designate its candidate for Commission president in December 2009, which rapidly triggered debates about how to select this candidate.^[38] The PES Congress gathering in Brussels in November 2011 made the decision that it would select the PES candidate through internal primaries in each of its member parties and organisations.^[39] Member parties and organisations are free to determine their own voting process, including by opening it to non-members.

• Possible candidates: José Luis Zapatero, Margot Wallström, Helle Thorning Schmidt, Frans Timmermans, Borut Pahor, Sergei Stanishev, Wouter Bos, José Sócrates, Werner Faymann,^[40] Pascal Lamy.^[25]
• Declared candidate: Martin Schulz^{[41][42][43][44]}
• Elected candidate: Martin Schulz

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party

The timetable of the Alliance for Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE) for designating its candidate for President of the European Commission is:^[45]

• 28–30 November: Nominations opens & Election Manifesto adopted at London Congress
• 19 December: Pre-Summit liberal leaders meeting to discuss nominations received
• 20 December: Nominations formally close
• 1 February: ALDE Party Candidate to be announced at special Electoral Congress, Brussels

In 2012, the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE) members were said to be "struggling" to find a candidate for Commission president ahead of the 2014 European elections. Guy Verhofstadt was considered to be the likely nominee, but a meeting of the then-ELDR party held in Dublin from 8 to 10 November 2012 did not agree to formally nominate him yet; concerns voiced included the fact that it was considered unlikely that Verhofstadt would have a chance of getting elected as President of the European Commission, as Anders Fogh Rasmussen (the incumbent Secretary General of NATO) was expected to be appointed to the post of President of the European Council or High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy after the 2014 election, and two liberal politicians in the EU's top ranks were not expected to be considered acceptable. While a compromise position was reached (to nominate a candidate for Commission President "in time for the 2014 European Parliamentary election campaign"), the corresponding resolution was not passed due to disagreements on other points included in the resolution.^[46] The ALDE political party finally decided to discuss candidates at the party's pre-summit meeting at the margins of the 19–20 December European Council.^[47] Belgian daily De Standaard and EU news website EurActiv reported during the summit that the ALDE party has appointed Mark Rutte and Christian Lindner as 'mediators' between Rehn and Verhofstadt to work out who would be the candidate.

• Possible candidates: Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Guy Verhofstadt, Olli Rehn^[48]
• Declared candidates: Guy Verhofstadt, Olli Rehn
• Elected Candidate: Guy Verhofstadt^[49]

European Green Party

In July 2013 European Green Party (EGP) announced that it would run an open primary online.^[50] Open to all inhabitants in the union over the age of 16 who "support green values",^[51] this resulted in Ska Keller and José Bové being elected candidates. Other qualified candidates were Rebecca Harms and Monica Frassoni.^[52]

Party of the European Left

Meeting on 19 October 2013 in Madrid, the Council of chairpersons of the Party of the European Left (EL) decided to designate a common candidate for the president of the European Commission to prevent "the forces responsible for the crisis" from keeping the monopoly during the electoral campaign. The Council reaffirmed however that this new measure "will not hide, as European leaders and the troika hope, their authoritarianism".

The Council decided to submit to the decision of the next Congress, 13 to 15 December in Madrid, the candidacy of Alexis Tsipras,^[32][53][54] who "would be the voice of resistance and hope against the ultra-liberal policies and facing the threat of the extreme right". As Alexis Tsipras will therefore be the only candidate for the job, the Council has mandated the Presidency of the EL to consult all members and observers parties of the EL and the GUE/NGL group in the European parliament about this application. Tsipras's candidature was confirmed on 15 December.^[55] Alexis Tsipras was elected.

European Democratic Party

On 2 December 2013 in Rome, the Council of the European Democratic Party decided to designate a candidate on the occasion of the next meeting in February 2014,^[33] along with its manifesto. The next president of the Commission will have to "settle a more political Commission". Allied with the Liberals in the ALDE Group but opposed to Olli Rehn, the European Democratic Party welcomed the candidature of Guy Verhofstadt, ALDE Group leader.^[56] The party adopted its manifesto on 28 February and named Guy Verhofstadt as its candidate for the Presidency of the European Commission on 12 March.^[57] Guy Verhofstadt was elected.

Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists

The Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists did not present a candidate for the European Commission presidency. They argued that participating in the process would legitimate a federalist vision of a European super-state and that the lack of a European demos makes the process illegitimate.^[58]

European Free Alliance

The European Free Alliance stands for "a Europe of Free Peoples based on the principle of subsidiarity, which believe in solidarity with each other and the peoples of the world."^[59] It consists of various national-level political parties in Europe advocating either full political independence (statehood), or some form of devolution or self-governance for their country or region. The alliance has generally limited its membership to progressive parties, and therefore, not all European regionalist parties are members of EFA. The EFA stands on the left of the political spectrum, and in the Brussels declaration it emphasises the protection of human rights, sustainable development and social justice. In 2007 the EFA congress in Bilbao added several progressive principles to the declaration: including a commitment to fight against racism, antisemitism, discrimination, xenophobia and islamophobia and a commitment to get full citizenship for migrants, including voting rights.

European Christian Political Movement

The European Christian Political Movement, abbreviated to ECPM, is a European political party that unites national parties from across Europe that share Christian democratic politics. The member parties are generally more socially conservative and Eurosceptic than the European People's Party, not only at this election allied with the AECR, without any candidate as well.^{[citation needed]}

European Pirate Party

The newly founded European Pirate Party elected MEP Amelia Andersdotter (who is running for re-election) and The Pirate Bay co-founder Peter Sunde (running for election in Finland) as its candidates for the European Commission presidency.^[60] The European Pirate Party is not recognised as a European political party.

Televised debates

The lead candidates designated for nomination to the European Commission presidency participated in various debates, conducted in different countries and variously, in French, German and English. A total of ten debates were held through April and May in the lead up to the election period. Five debates were designed as head-to-head debates between the representatives of the two leading European political parties: Jean-Claude Juncker of the European People's Party and Martin Schulz of the Party of European Socialists. Four others were open to all nominated lead candidates, while one French-language debate was held between José Bové of the European Green Party and Guy Verhofstadt of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party.

Date	Time (CEST)	Institute	Participants	Location	Language	Main Presenter(s)
9 April 2014	17:10	France 24 and RFI[61]	Juncker and Schulz	Brussels	French	Caroline de Camaret (France 24) and Dominique Baillard (RFI)
9 April 2014		France 24[62]	Juncker and Schulz	Brussels	English	Christophe Robeet (France 24)
28 April 2014	19:00	European Youth Forum, City and University of Maastricht, Euronews	Juncker, Schulz, Verhofstadt, and Keller	Maastricht	English	Isabelle Kumar (Euronews)
29 April 2014	14:30	Euranet Plus[63]	Juncker, Schulz, Verhofstadt, and Keller	Brussels	English	Brian Mcguire (Euranet) and Ahinara Bascuñana López (Euranet)
8 May 2014	20:15	ZDF and ORF	Juncker and Schulz	Berlin	German	Ingrid Thurnher (ORF) and Peter Frey (ZDF)
9 May 2014	18:30	EUI	Juncker, Schulz, Verhofstadt and Bové	Florence	English	Tony Barber (FT), Monica Maggioni (RAI) and J.H.H. Weiler (EUI)
13 May 2014	18:30	LCI and RFI[64]	Juncker and Schulz	Paris	French	Michel Field (LCI) and Jérôme Chapuis (RTL)
15 May 2014	21:00	EBU	Juncker, Schulz, Verhofstadt, Keller and Tsipras	Brussels	English	Monica Maggioni (RAI)
19 May 2014	23:01	France 2[65]	Verhofstadt and Bové	Paris	French	Yves Calvi (France 2)
20 May 2014	21:00	ARD	Juncker and Schulz	Hamburg	German	Andreas Cichowicz (NDR) and Sonia Seymour Mikich (WDR)

Opinion polls

No pan-European opinion polls are carried out; however, several institutes compiled predictions of the outcome of the elections based on national polls.

Some of the institutes below, such as Pollwatch,^[66] applied algorithms to the national poll results before aggregating them, in an attempt to account for the lower than expected results received by governing parties in previous European Parliament elections. However, other institutions did not share the expectation that governing parties would automatically perform worse than the polls suggest.

Opinion polls
Date	Institute	EPP	S&D	ALDE	Greens–EFA	ECR	GUE-NGL	EFD	NI
22 May 2014	Scenari Politici[67]	219 (29.2%)	208 (27.7%)	66 (8.8%)	41 (5.5%)	43 (5.7%)	48 (6.4%)	31 (4.1%)	95 (12.6%)
21 May 2014	Cicero Group[68]	204 (27.2%)	190 (25.3%)	83 (11.1%)	54 (7.2%)	35 (4.7%)	55 (7.3%)	31 (4.1%)	99 (13.2%)
21 May 2014	election.de[69]	219 (29.2%)	202 (26.9%)	71 (9.5%)	42 (5.6%)	50 (6.8%)	51 (6.7%)	57 (7.6%)	59 (7.9%)
20 May 2014	Pollwatch[70]	217 (28.9%)	201 (26.8%)	59 (7.9%)	44 (5.9%)	42 (5.6%)	53 (7.1%)	40 (5.3%)	95 (12.6%)
19 May 2014	TNS[71]	217 (28.9%)	199 (26.5%)	61 (8.1%)	50 (6.7%)	42 (5.6%)	46 (6.1%)	33 (4.4%)	103 (13.7%)
19 May 2014	Der (europäische) Föderalist[72]	215 (28.6%)	202 (26.9%)	70 (9.3%)	48 (6.4%)	39 (5.2%)	49 (6.5%)	29 (3.9%)	99 (13.2%)
19 May 2014	Scenari Politici[73]	213 (28.4%)	224 (29.8%)	63 (8.4%)	39 (5.2%)	42 (5.6%)	47 (6.3%)	29 (3.9%)	94 (12.5%)
16 May 2014	Cicero Group[68]	202 (26.9%)	195 (26%)	83 (11.1%)	52 (6.9%)	37 (4.9%)	55 (7.3%)	29 (3.9%)	98 (13%)
15 May 2014	election.de[74]	220 (29.3%)	209 (27.8%)	74 (9.9%)	43 (5.7%)	48 (6.4%)	50 (6.7%)	56 (7.5%)	51 (6.8%)
12 May 2014	Scenari Politici[75]	210 (28.0%)	225 (30.0%)	66 (8.8%)	40 (5.3%)	42 (5.6%)	47 (6.3%)	29 (3.9%)	92 (12.3%)
8 May 2014	Cicero Group[68]	199 (26.5%)	196 (26.1%)	83 (11.1%)	50 (6.7%)	39 (5.2%)	54 (7.2%)	30 (4.0%)	100 (13.3%)
7 May 2014	Der (europäische) Föderalist[76]	213 (28.4%)	213 (28.4%)	78 (10.4%)	45 (6.0%)	38 (5.1%)	48 (6.4%)	27 (3.6%)	89 (11.9%)
7 May 2014	Pollwatch[77]	216 (28.8%)	205 (27.3%)	63 (8.4%)	41 (5.5%)	39 (5.2%)	49 (6.5%)	39 (5.2%)	99 (13.2%)
5 May 2014	Scenari Politici[78]	210 (28.0%)	222 (29.6%)	63 (8.4%)	38 (5.1%)	42 (5.6%)	51 (6.8%)	29 (3.9%)	96 (12.8%)
2 May 2014	election.de[79]	216 (28.8%)	209 (27.8%)	75 (10.0%)	45 (6.0%)	47 (6.3%)	51 (6.8%)	57 (7.6%)	51 (6.8%)
30 April 2014	Cicero Group[68]	197 (26.2%)	198 (26.4%)	84 (11.2%)	51 (6.8%)	39 (5.2%)	54 (7.2%)	30 (4.0%)	98 (13.0%)
30 April 2014	Pollwatch[80]	213 (28.4%)	208 (27.7%)	62 (8.3%)	42 (5.6%)	42 (5.6%)	51 (6.8%)	36 (4.8%)	97 (12.9%)
29 April 2014	TNS[81]	215 (28.6%)	205 (27.3%)	58 (7.7%)	45 (6.0%)	40 (5.3%)	50 (6.7%)	40 (5.33%)	106 (14.1%)
28 April 2014	Scenari Politici[82]	214 (28.5%)	219 (29.2%)	63 (8.4%)	37 (4.9%)	41 (5.5%)	53 (7.1%)	28 (3.7%)	96 (12.8%)
28 April 2014	Der (europäische) Föderalist[83]	210 (28.0%)	214 (28.5%)	75 (10.0%)	40 (5.3%)	42 (5.6%)	51 (6.8%)	26 (3.5%)	93 (12.4%)
24 April 2014	election.de[84]	207 (27.6%)	218 (29.0%)	73 (9.7%)	42 (5.6%)	55 (7.3%)	57 (7.6%)	50 (6.7%)	49 (6.5%)
23 April 2014	TNS[85]	215 (28.6%)	209 (27.8%)	57 (7.6%)	45 (6.0%)	40 (5.3%)	48 (6.4%)	30 (4.0%)	107 (14.2%)
23 April 2014	Pollwatch[86]	217 (28.9%)	208 (27.7%)	63 (8.4%)	41 (5.5%)	41 (5.5%)	51 (6.8%)	36 (4.8%)	94 (12.5%)
22 April 2014	Cicero Group[87]	205 (27.3%)	200 (26.6%)	83 (11.1%)	48 (6.4%)	35 (4.7%)	55 (7.3%)	28 (3.7%)	97 (12.9%)
21 April 2014	Scenari Politici[88]	215 (28.6%)	218 (29.0%)	65 (8.7%)	37 (4.9%)	42 (5.6%)	53 (7.1%)	25 (3.3%)	96 (12.8%)
21 April 2014	Der (europäische) Föderalist[89]	216 (28.8%)	215 (28.6%)	74 (9.9%)	44 (5.9%)	41 (5.5%)	48 (6.4%)	26 (3.5%)	87 (11.6%)
21 April 2014	Electionista[90]	212 (28.2%)	205 (27.3%)	60 (8.0%)	42 (5.6%)	43 (5.7%)	56 (7.5%)	34 (4.5%)	99 (13.1%)
16 April 2014	Pollwatch[91]	222 (29.6%)	209 (27.8%)	60 (8.0%)	38 (5.1%)	42 (5.6%)	53 (7.1%)	34 (4.5%)	93 (12.4%)
14 April 2014	Der (europäische) Föderalist[92]	218 (29.0%)	216 (28.8%)	72 (9.6%)	43 (5.7%)	41 (5.5%)	50 (6.7%)	27 (3.6%)	84 (11.2%)
14 April 2014	Scenari Politici[93]	215 (28.6%)	219 (29.2%)	64 (8.5%)	37 (4.9%)	41 (5.5%)	57 (7.6%)	25 (3.3%)	93 (12.4%)
9 April 2014	Cicero Group[68]	208 (27.7%)	198 (26.4%)	86 (11.5%)	47 (6.3%)	39 (4.8%)	59 (7.9%)	28 (3.7%)	89 (11.9%)
7 April 2014	Scenari Politici[94]	216 (28.8%)	220 (29.3%)	63 (8.4%)	35 (4.7%)	41 (5.5%)	56 (7.5%)	25 (3.3%)	95 (12.6%)
7 April 2014	Der (europäische) Föderalist[95]	219 (29.2%)	212 (28.2%)	72 (9.6%)	45 (6.0%)	39 (5.2%)	51 (6.8%)	27 (3.6%)	87 (11.6%)
3 April 2014	Pollwatch[80]	212 (28.2%)	212 (28.2%)	62 (8.3%)	38 (5.1%)	46 (6.1%)	55 (7.3%)	36 (4.8%)	90 (12%)
2 April 2014	Der (europäische) Föderalist[72]	213 (28.4%)	213 (28.4%)	72 (9.6%)	48 (6.4%)	43 (5.7%)	55 (7.3%)	28 (3.7%)	79 (10.5%)
2 April 2014	Cicero Group[68]	203 (27%)	193 (25.7%)	86 (11.5%)	56 (7.5%)	39 (5.2%)	56 (7.5%)	28 (3.7%)	90 (12%)
31 March 2014	Scenari Politici[96]	212 (28.2%)	224 (29.8%)	63 (8.4%)	36 (4.8%)	41 (5.5%)	56 (7.5%)	25 (3.3%)	94 (12.5%)
27 March 2014	Der (europäische) Föderalist[72]	212 (28.2%)	213 (28.4%)	72 (9.6%)	44 (5.9%)	43 (5.7%)	58 (7.7%)	28 (3.7%)	81 (10.8%)
27 March 2014	TNS[97]	212 (28.2%)	208 (27.7%)	58 (7.7%)	43 (5.7%)	40 (5.3%)	53 (7.1%)	32 (4.2%)	105 (14.0%)
26 March 2014	Cicero Group[68]	198 (26.4%)	196 (26.1%)	84 (11.2%)	52 (6.9%)	43 (5.7%)	61 (8.1%)	27 (3.6%)	90 (12%)
24 March 2014	Scenari Politici[98]	212 (28.2%)	226 (30.1%)	63 (8.4%)	34 (4.5%)	41 (5.5%)	57 (7.6%)	26 (3.5%)	92 (12.3%)
19 March 2014	Der (europäische) Föderalist[72]	211 (28.1%)	215 (28.6%)	71 (9.5%)	43 (5.7%)	39 (5.2%)	58 (7.7%)	30 (4.0%)	84 (11.2%)
19 March 2014	Pollwatch[99]	213 (28.4%)	214 (28.5%)	66 (8.8%)	38 (5.1%)	40 (5.3%)	57 (7.6%)	33 (4.4%)	90 (12.0%)
18 March 2014	Cicero Group[68]	201 (26.8%)	195 (26.0%)	87 (11.6%)	51 (6.8%)	41 (5.5%)	58 (7.7%)	24 (3.2%)	94 (12.5%)
17 March 2014	Scenari Politici[100]	216 (28.8%)	226 (30.1%)	63 (8.4%)	33 (4.4%)	41 (5.5%)	58 (7.7%)	30 (4.0%)	84 (11.2%)
15 March 2014	Der (europäische) Föderalist[101]	211 (28.1%)	219 (29.2%)	69 (9.2%)	43 (5.7%)	41 (5.5%)	56 (7.5%)	25 (3.3%)	87 (11.5%)
13 March 2014	TNS[97]	219 (29.2%)	204 (27.2%)	61 (8.1%)	45 (6.0%)	42 (5.6%)	51 (6.8%)	26 (3.5%)	103 (12.7%)
10 March 2014	Scenari Politici[102]	217 (28.9%)	226 (30.1%)	63 (8.4%)	34 (4.5%)	41 (5.5%)	62 (8.3%)	30 (4.0%)	78 (10.4%)
5 March 2014	Pollwatch[103]	202 (26.9%)	209 (27.8%)	61 (8.1%)	44 (5.9%)	45 (6.0%)	67 (8.9%)	31 (4.1%)	92 (12.3%)
3 March 2014	Scenari Politici[104]	216 (28.8%)	224 (29.8%)	63 (8.4%)	34 (4.5%)	42 (5.6%)	62 (8.3%)	30 (4.0%)	80 (10.7%)
2 March 2014	Electionista[105]	204 (27.2%)	206 (27.4%)	72 (9.6%)	42 (5.6%)	45 (6.0%)	59 (7.8%)	31 (4.1%)	92 (12.3%)
27 February 2014	Der (europäische) Föderalist[106]	214 (28.5%)	214 (28.5%)	70 (9.3%)	45 (6.0%)	44 (5.9%)	57 (7.6%)	24 (3.2%)	83 (11.1%)
23 February 2014	Kapa Research[107]	202 (26.9%)	215 (28.6%)	74 (9.9%)	43 (5.7%)	41 (5.5%)	56 (7.5%)	38 (5.1%)	82 (10.9%)
19 February 2014	Pollwatch[108]	200 (26.6%)	217 (28.9%)	70 (9.3%)	44 (5.9%)	42 (5.6%)	56 (7.5%)	30 (4.0%)	92 (12.3%)
7 June 2009	2009 election	265 (36.0%)	183 (25.0%)	84 (11.4%)	55 (7.5%)	54 (7.3%)	35 (4.8%)	32 (4.3%)	28 (3.8%)

Note: Percentages indicate proportion of predicted seats and not vote share.

Polls (until 15 May 2014)

Apportionment of seats

Apportionment of seats
Member state	2009	2014	Change
Germany	99	96	−3
France	72	74	+2
United Kingdom (including Gibraltar)	72	73	+1
Italy	72	73	+1
Spain	50	54	+4
Poland	50	51	+1
Romania	33	32	−1
Netherlands	25	26	+1
Belgium	22	21	−1
Greece	22	21	−1
Czech Republic	22	21	−1
Portugal	22	21	−1
Hungary	22	21	−1
Sweden	18	20	+2
Austria	17	18	+1
Bulgaria	17	17	+0
Denmark	13	13	+0
Finland	13	13	+0
Slovakia	13	13	+0
Ireland	12	11	−1
Croatia	/	11	/
Lithuania	12	11	−1
Slovenia	7	8	+1
Latvia	8	8	+0
Estonia	6	6	+0
Cyprus	6	6	+0
Luxembourg	6	6	+0
Malta	5	6	+1
Total	736	751	+15

Main article: Apportionment in the European Parliament

Decisions on the apportionment of seats in the Parliament are governed by article 14 of the Treaty of Lisbon. This article lays down that "The European Parliament shall be composed of representatives of the Union's citizens. They shall not exceed seven hundred and fifty in number, plus the President. Representation of citizens shall be degressively proportional, with a minimum threshold of six members per Member State. No Member State shall be allocated more than ninety-six seats."

It had been the stated desire of the member-state governments to ratify the Treaty of Lisbon before the 2009 election, so that its articles governing the European Parliament could be in force for that election. However, this was blocked by the Irish rejection of the treaty in a referendum. Therefore, in June 2009, the European Parliament was elected under the rules of the Treaty of Nice, which provided for 736 seats, instead of the 751 to be provided in the Treaty of Lisbon.

The Lisbon Treaty was subsequently ratified, and provisional measures were ratified in December 2011 to give the 18 additional seats, to the countries entitled to them, before the 2014 elections, without withdrawing Germany's 3 extra seats. These 18 additional MEPs brought the number of MEPs to 754 temporarily until 2014.^[109] These 18 "phantom MEPs" would initially have observer status, before becoming full members of the parliament if an additional protocol is ratified by 2014.^[110][111]

Thus the 2014 election will be the first to apply the apportionment of seats provided by the Lisbon treaty.

Andrew Duff MEP (ALDE, UK) tabled two reports in March 2011 and September 2012 proposing new apportionments of seats (see table opposite). Article 14 provides that "The European Council shall adopt by unanimity, on the initiative of the European Parliament and with its consent, a decision establishing the composition of the European Parliament", respecting the principle of degressive proportionality, the threshold of 6 MEPs for smaller member states and the limit of 96 MEPs for larger member states.

Election dates

22 May	23 May	24 May	25 May	Map
Netherlands, United Kingdom (including Gibraltar)	Ireland	Latvia, Malta, Slovakia, French Overseas Territories	Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Metropolitan France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovenia, Spain
	Czech Republic

Results

The centre-right European People's Party won the most seats, but came up well short of a majority. In Denmark, France, and United Kingdom rightist groups opposed to the European Union won "unprecedented" victories according to some news organisations such as Reuters. Elsewhere, populist parties won significant seats. In total, roughly a quarter of all seats went to parties sceptical of the EU or protest parties. Thus, the election was seen as anti-establishment. In the wake of the election, several prominent political figures said the EU needed to realign its priorities in a hurry. Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte called for "fewer rules and less fuss", while British Prime Minister David Cameron said "Europe should concentrate on what matters, on growth and jobs, and not try to do so much."^[112]

State	Political groups of the 7th European Parliament (previous session)[113]																		MEPs		Note
	EPP (EPP)		S&D (PES)		ECR (AECR, ECPM)		ALDE (ALDE, EDP)		GUE/NGL (EL, NGLA, EACL)		G-EFA (EGP, EFA)		EFD (MELD)		NI		New parties w/o affiliation[b]
Germany	29 (CDU) 5 (CSU)	−5 −3	27 (SPD)	+4			3 (FDP)	−9	7 (Linke)	−1	11 (B'90/Grüne)	−3					7 (AfD)[114] 1 (FW)[115] 1 (Piraten) 1 (Tierschutz)[116] 1 (NPD) 1 (Familie)[117] 1 (ÖDP)[118] 1 (Partei)	+14	96	−3	[119]
France	20 (UMP)	−9	12+1 (PS+PRG)	−1			3+4 (UDI+MoDem)	−3	3 (FG) 1 (UOM)	−1 =	6 (EE)	−6	0 (MPF)	−1	23 + 1 (FN)[c]	+21			74	=	[121] [122] [123]
United Kingdom			20 (LAB)	+7	19 (CON) 1 (UUP)	−7 =	1 (LD)	−11	1 (SF)	=	3 (GPEW) 2 (SNP) 1 (PC)	+1 = =	24 (UKIP)	+11	1 (DUP) 0 (BNP)	= −2			73	=	[124] [125]
Italy	13 (FI) 2+1 (NCD+UDC) 1 (SVP)	−16 -2 =	31 (PD)	+10			0 (IdV)	−7	3 (AET)	+3			5 (LN)	−4			17 (M5S)[126]	+17	73	=
Spain	16 (PP) 1 (CpE: UDC)	−8 =	13+1 (PSOE+PSC)	−9			1+1 (CpE: CDC+PNV)	=	4+1 (IP: IU+Anova)	+4	2 (EPDD) 1 (LPD: EH Bildu+BNG)[127] 1 (PE: Comp.+Equo) 1 (IP: ICV)	+1~2 +0~1 +1 =			4 (UPyD)[128]	+3	5 (Podemos)[129] 2 (C's)[128]	+7	54	=
Poland	19 (PO) 4 (PSL)	-6 0	4+1 (SLD+UP)	−2	18+1 (PiS+PR)	+4											4 (KNP)	+4	51	=
Romania	5 (PDL) 2 (UDMR) 2 (PMP) 0 (Băsescu)	−5 −1 +2 −1	13+1+2 (PSD+PC+UNPR)	+5			6 (PNL)[130]	+1							0 (PRM)	−3	1 (Diaconu)[131]	+1	32	−1	[132]
Netherlands	5 (CDA)	=	3 (PvdA)	=	1 (CU)	=	4 (D66) 3 (VVD)	+1 =	2 (SP)	=	2 (GL)	−1	1 (SGP)[133]	=	4 (PVV)	=	1 (PvdD)[134]	+1	26	+1
Belgium	2 (CD&V) 1 (CDH) 1 (CSP)	−1 = =	3 (PS) 1 (SP.A)	= −1	0 (LDD)	−1	3 (Open VLD) 3 (MR)	= +1			4 (N-VA) 1 (Groen) 1 (Ecolo)	+3 = −1			1 (VB)	−1			21	−1
Czech Republic	3+1 (TOP 09+STAN) 3 (KDU-ČSL)	+4 +1	4 (ČSSD)	−3	2 (ODS)	−7			3 (KSČM)	−1							4 (ANO)[135] 1 (Svobodní)[136]	+5	21	−1	[137]
Greece	5 (ND)	−3	2 (Elia: PASOK)	−6					6 (SYRIZA) 2 (KKE)	+5 =	0 (OP)	−1	0 (LAOS)	−2			3 (XA) 1 (ANEL)[117] 2 (Potami)	+6	21	−1
Hungary	11+1 (Fidesz+KDNP)	−2	2 (MSZP)	−2	0 (MDF)	−1					1 (LMP)	+1			3 (Jobbik)	=	2 (DK) 0+1 (Együtt+PM)	+3	21	−1	[138]
Portugal	6+1 (PSD+CDS-PP)	−3	8 (PS)	+1					3 (CDU: PCP) 1 (BE)	+1 −2							2 (MPT)[128]	+2	21	−1	[139]
Sweden	3 (M) 1 (KD)	−1 =	5 (S)	-1			2 (FP) 1 (C)	−1 =	1 (V)	=	4 (MP) 0 (PP)	+2 −2					2 (SD)[120] 1 (FI)[140]	+3	20	=	[141]
Austria	5 (ÖVP)	−1	5 (SPÖ)	=			1 (NEOS)	+1			3 (Grüne)	+1			4 (FPÖ) 0 (MARTIN) 0 (BZÖ)	+2 −3 −1			18	−1
Bulgaria	6 (GERB) 1 (RB: DSB) 0 (RB: SDS)	+1 = −1	4 (KB: BSP)	=			4 (DPS) 0 (NDSV)	+1 −2							0 (Ataka)	−2	1 (BBTs)[142] 1 (VMRO)[d]	+2	17	−1	[144]
Finland	3 (Kok.) 0 (KD)	= −1	2 (SDP)	=			3 (Kesk.) 1 (RKP)	= =	1 (Vas.)	+1	1 (Vihr.)	−1	2 (PS)[117]	+1					13	=
Denmark	1 (K)	=	3 (S)	−1			2 (V) 1 (RV)	−1 +1	1 (N)	=	1 (SF)	−1	4 (DF)[117]	+2					13	=	[145]
Slovakia	2 (KDH) 2 (SDKÚ-DS) 1 (SMK) 1 (Most-Híd)	= = −1 +1	4 (Smer)	−1			1 (SaS) 0 (ĽS-HZDS)	+1 −1					0 (SNS)	−1			1 (OĽaNO)[117] 1 (Nova)	+2	13	=
Croatia	4 (HDZ) 1 (HSS)	-1 +1	2 (SDP)	−3	1 (HSP-AS)	=	1 (HNS) 1 (IDS)	+1 +1	0 (HL-SR)	−1							1 (ORaH)	+1	11	−1
Ireland	4 (FG)	=	0 (Lab)	−3			1 (FF)[e][146] 1 (Harkin)	−2 =	3 (SF) 0 (Soc)	+3 −1					1 (Childers)[147]	+1	1 (Flanagan)[127]	+1	11	−1	[148] [149] [150]
Lithuania	2 (TS-LKD)	–2	2 (LSDP)	−1	1 (LLRA)	=	2 (LRLS) 1 (DP)	+1 =					2 (TT)	=			1 (LVŽS)[118]	+1	11	−1
Latvia	4 (Vienotība)	+1	1 (Saskaņa SDP)	−1	1 (NA)	=	0 (LPP/LC)	−1	0 (LSP)	−1	1 (LKS)	=					1 (ZZS: LZS)[151]	+1	8	−1
Slovenia	3 (SDS) 1+1 (NSi+SLS)	= +1	1 (SD)	−1			0 (LDS) 0 (Zares)	−1 −1									1 (DeSUS) 1 (Verjamem)[118]	+2	8	=	[152] [153]
Cyprus	2 (DISY)	=	1 (EDEK) 1 (DIKO)	= =					2 (AKEL)	=									6	=
Estonia	1 (IRL)	=	1 (SDE)	=			2 (RE) 1 (KE)	+1 −1			1 (Tarand)	=							6	=
Luxembourg	3 (CSV)	=	1 (LSAP)	=			1 (DP)	=			1 (Gréng)	=							6	=
Malta	3 (PN)[154]	+1	3 (PL)	−1															6	=
Total [f] [g]																			MEPs
	EPP		S&D		ECR		ALDE		GUE/NGL		G-EFA		EFD		NI		New parties
	215 (28.6%)	−59	185 (24.6%)	−11	45 (6.0%)	−12	59 (7.9%)	−24	45 (6.0%)	+10	49 (6.5%)	−8	38 (5.1%)	+7	42 (5.6%)	+9	73 (9.7%)		751	−15

1. Not running for a European Parliament seat
2. Highlight colours show declared group affiliation in the incoming parliament.
3. Mrs Joëlle Bergeron who was elected from the Marine blue gathering's electoral list will eventually seat as an independent MEP in the Europe of Freedom and Democracy political group after having ended her membership of the National Front.^[120]
4. VMRO was elected on the BBT list, and was accepted to the ECR Group in late June.^[143]
5. Brian Crowley was the sole elected Fianna Fáil MEP, which had sat with the ALDE group in the previous Parliament. Against party wishes, Crowley left the ALDE group and joined the ECR group for the Eighth Parliament. Fianna Fáil was and remains a member of the ALDE party, and as a result of Crowley's actions, the party whip was withdrawn, though he retains his party membership.
6. Official results as of Wednesday 28 May 2014, 8:30 UTC: all 751 seats assigned.
7. Differences in seat counts for each group only take into account parties or individuals who were already members of a given group in the outgoing parliament (or of a corresponding European party). The MEPs elected in 2014 will be free to join existing groups or form new ones. To learn more about this process, see Political groups of the European Parliament and section #Group reshuffling below.

Group reshuffling

Between the election and the inaugural session of the 8th European Parliament, scheduled for 1 July, some parties and individual MEPs usually switch allegiances between the political groups of the European Parliament. This process, which sometimes has resulted in the disappearance of whole political groups from the Parliament, or their recomposition in another form, is particularly important for new parties and MEPs.

Announced membership changes

The following table describes the announced membership changes in the Parliament groupings and the impact on the Parliament makeup:

	Announced changes in the makeup of the political groups for the 8th European Parliament																MEPs
	EPP		S&D		ECR		ALDE		GUE/NGL		G-EFA		EFDD (replacing EFD)		NI
End of 7th Parliament (seats)	274		196		57		83		35		57		31		33		766
End of 7th Parliament (percentage)	36%		26%		7%		11%		5%		7%		4%		4%		100%
Number of member states	27		28		9		21		16		15		9		10		n/a
Election changes (cf table above)	215	−59	185	−11	45	−12	59	−24	45	+10	49	−8	38	+7	42	+9	751	−15
Accession	PNL[130]	+6	Potami DK Child. FI	+2 +2 +1 +1	N-VA[155] BBTs[142] VMRO DF[117] PS[117] AfD[114] Famil.[117] ANEL[117] FF[156] SGP[133] Nova[117] OĽaNO[117]	+4 +1 +1 +4 +2 +7 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1	ANO[135] FW[115] MPT[128] Diac.[131] DeSUS UPyD[128] C's[128]	+4 +1 +2 +1 +1 +4 +2	Tiersch.[116] Flanag.[127] PvdD[134] Podem.[129] LPD[127]	+1 +1 +1 +5 +1	OraH[118] ÖDP[118] Pirat.[118] PM[118] LVŽS[118] Verj.[118]	+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1	Svob.[136] Berg.[151] M5S[126] ZZS[151] SD[120]	+1 +1 +17 +1 +2	NPD PARTEI KKE XA LN KNP	+1 +1 +2 +3 +5 +4	751
Withdrawal							FF[146] PNL[130]	−1 −6	KKE[157]	−2	N-VA[128] LPD[127]	−4 −1	DF[117] PS[117] LN SGP[133]	−4 −2 −5 −1	Berg. Child. UPyD	−1 −1 −4
Start of 8th Parliament (seats)	221	−53	191	−5	70	+13	67	−16	52	+17	50	−7	48	+17	52	+19
Start of 8th Parliament (percentage)	29%	−7pp	26%	=	9%	+2pp	9%	−2pp	7%	+2pp	7%	=	6%	+2pp	7%	+3pp	100%
Number of member states	27	=	28	=	15	+6	21	=	14	-2	17	+2	7	-2	10	=

A group is required to be made up by at least 25 MEPs from seven Member States to be constituted in the new legislature.

A proposed European Alliance for Freedom (EAF) group, said to be composed of the French FN, Dutch PVV, Austrian FPÖ, Belgian VB and Italian LN, was unable to reach the threshold. About a year later, on 16 June 2015, the same parties formed the Europe of Nations and Freedom group together with two MEPs from KNP and a former UKIP MEP.^[158]

Make-up following election

Based on the new groupingon the ENF, the Parliament makeup following the election were as follows:

State	Political groups of the 8th European Parliament								MEPs
	EPP	S&D	ECR	ALDE	GUE/NGL	G-EFA	EFDD	NI
Germany	29 (CDU) 5 (CSU)	27 (SPD)	7 (AfD) 1 (Familie)	3 (FDP) 1 (FW)	7 (Linke) 1 (Tierschutz)	11 (B'90/Grüne) 1 (Piraten) 1 (ÖDP)		1 (NPD) 1 (Partei)	96
France	20 (UMP)	12 (PS) 1 (PRG)		4 (MoDem) 3 (UDI)	3 (FG) 1 (UOM)	6 (EE)	1 (Bergeron)	23 (FN)	74
United Kingdom		20 (Lab)	19 (Cons.) 1 (UUP)	1 (LibDem)	1 (SF)	3 (Green) 2 (SNP) 1 (PC)	24 (UKIP)	1 (DUP)	73
Italy	13 (FI) 2 (NCD) 1 (UDC) 1 (SVP)	31 (PD)			3 (AET)		17 (M5S)	5 (LN)	73
Spain	16 (PP) 1 (UDC)	13 (PSOE) 1 (PSC)		4 (UPyD) 2 (C's) 1 (CDC) 1 (PNV)	5 (Podemos) 4 (IU) 1 (Anova) 1 (LPD)	2 (EDD) 1 (ICV) 1 (PE)			54
Poland	19 (PO) 4 (PSL)	4 (SLD) 1 (UP)	18 (PiS) 1 (PR)					4 (KNP)	51
Romania	6 (PNL) 5 (PDL) 2 (UDMR) 2 (PMP)	13 (PSD) 2 (UNPR) 1 (PC)		1 (Diaconu)					32
Netherlands	5 (CDA)	3 (PvdA)	1 (CU) 1 (SGP)	4 (D66) 3 (VVD)	2 (SP) 1 (PvdD)	2 (GL)		4 (PVV)	26
Belgium	2 (CD&V) 1 (CDH) 1 (CSP)	3 (PS) 1 (SP.A)	4 (N-VA)	3 (Open VLD) 3 (MR)		1 (Groen) 1 (Ecolo)		1 (VB)	21
Czech Republic	3 (KDU-ČSL) 3 (TOP 09) 1 (STAN)	4 (ČSSD)	2 (ODS)	4 (ANO)	3 (KSČM)		1 (Svobodní)		21
Greece	5 (ND)	2 (PASOK) 2 (Potami)	1 (ANEL)		6 (SYRIZA)			3 (XA) 2 (KKE)	21
Hungary	11 (Fidesz) 1 (KDNP)	2 (MSZP) 2 (DK)				1 (LMP) 1 (PM)		3 (Jobbik)	21
Portugal	6 (PSD) 1 (CDS-PP)	8 (PS)		2 (MPT)	3 (PCP) 1 (BE)				21
Sweden	3 (M) 1 (KD)	5 (S) 1 (FI)		2 (FP) 1 (C)	1 (V)	4 (MP)	2 (SD)		20
Austria	5 (ÖVP)	5 (SPÖ)		1 (NEOS)		3 (Grüne)		4 (FPÖ)	18
Bulgaria	6 (GERB) 1 (DSB)	4 (BSP)	1 (BBTs) 1 (VMRO)	4 (DPS)					17
Finland	3 (Kok.)	2 (SDP)	2 (PS)	3 (Kesk.) 1 (RKP)	1 (Vas.)	1 (Vihr.)			13
Denmark	1 (K)	3 (S)	4 (DF)	2 (V) 1 (RV)	1 (N)	1 (SF)			13
Slovakia	2 (KDH) 2 (SDKÚ-DS) 1 (SMK) 1 (Most-Híd)	4 (Smer – SD)	1 (OĽaNO) 1 (Nova)	1 (SaS)					13
Croatia	4 (HDZ) 1 (HSS)	2 (SDP)	1 (HSP-AS)	1 (HNS) 1 (IDS)		1 (ORaH)			11
Ireland	4 (FG)	1 (Childers)	1 (FF/Crowley)	1 (Harkin)	3 (SF) 1 (Flanagan)				11
Lithuania	2 (TS-LKD)	2 (LSDP)	1 (LLRA)	2 (LRLS) 1 (DP)		1 (LVŽS)	2 (TT)		11
Latvia	4 (Vienotība)	1 (Saskaņa SDP)	1 (NA)			1 (LKS)	1 (LZS)		8
Slovenia	3 (SDS) 1 (NSi) 1 (SLS)	1 (SD)		1 (DeSUS)		1 (Verjamem)			8
Cyprus	2 (DISY)	1 (EDEK) 1 (DIKO)			2 (AKEL)				6
Estonia	1 (IRL)	1 (SDE)		2 (RE) 1 (KE)		1 (Tarand)			6
Luxembourg	3 (CSV)	1 (LSAP)		1 (DP)		1 (Gréng)			6
Malta	3 (PN)	3 (PL)							6
Total									MEPs
	EPP	S&D	ECR	ALDE	GUE/NGL	G-EFA	EFDD	NI
	221 (29%)	191 (25%)	70 (9%)	67 (9%)	52 (7%)	50 (7%)	48 (6%)	52 (7%)	751

The largest European Parliament group as elected by each constituency.
For the French Overseas Territories constituency, its three sections are considered.
  EPP   S&D   ALDE   Greens/EFA   ECR   GUE/NGL   EFD   NI

Parliamentary seats EPP   29.40% S&D   25.40% ECR   9.30% ALDE   8.90% NI   7.00% GUE-NGL   6.90% Greens-EFA   6.70% EFDD   6.40%

Voter turnout

The final turnout figure for the 2014 European Parliament elections reached an all-time low at 42.54%, and thus marked a continued downward turnout since the first direct election. The result was also lower than the number communicated immediately after the elections. During the election night exit polls suggested a turnout of 43.1% based on preliminary figures. This was then revised down to 43.09% a few days later.^[159] There was a small increase in absolute voter numbers, with 163,551,013 valid votes cast in 2014 as compared to 160,687,462 in 2009, though this was outweighed by the increase in eligible voters from 386,711,169 in 2009 to 396,104,240 in 2014.^[160]

New European Commission

See also: Juncker Commission

The leaders of the parliament's seven groups met on Tuesday 27 May to discuss who should become the new president of the European Commission. Citing the Lisbon Treaty's requirement for the result of the elections to be "taken into account", five of the seven groups issued a statement saying that Juncker should be nominated by the European Council to be president. Only the ECR and EFD disagreed.^[161] However, when the European Council met that evening, they said that nominations should only be made "after having held the appropriate consultations". They authorised van Rompuy, President of the Council, to consult with the new group leaders in the European Parliament and to report back to their summit on 26 June. The leaders of the UK, Hungary and Sweden were said to have opposed Juncker^[162][163] although the Swedish government then declared that Sweden never had such opposition.^[164] Leaders of the European People's Party publicly acknowledged that Juncker may not end up heading the executive European Commission.^[112] Friday, 27 June, the European Council eventually proposed to the European Parliament the candidacy of Jean-Claude Juncker to the presidency of the European Commission.^[165] The United Kingdom and Hungary opposed Juncker's nomination, while the remaining Council members supported his candidacy. The European Parliament confirmed Juncker's nomination on a vote of 422 in favour to 250 opposed, 47 abstentions and 10 invalid votes.^[166] Most EPP, Socialist and Liberal MEPs supported Juncker's nomination.

The appointment of top EU jobs in the new government was expected to be contentious. Leaders of EU member states agreed to seek a package deal that would give significant posts to the new political parties in an effort to win back public support for the European Parliament. According to German Chancellor Angela Merkel, the new government will focus on making EU economies more competitive in the global economy, seek common energy and environmental policies, and seek a united foreign policy.^[112]

The main political groups, including the EPP and the S&D, in the European Parliament on 12 June backed the right of Jean-Claude Juncker to be the next head of the European Commission,^[167] after talks with the President of the European Council Herman Van Rompuy.

Juncker has stated that his priorities would be the creation of a digital single market, the development of an EU energy union, the negotiation of the Transatlantic trade agreement, the continued reform of the economic and monetary union, with the social dimension in mind and a 'targeted fiscal capacity' for the Euro area, as well as to negotiate a new deal with Britain,^[168] which ultimately failed to be accepted in the Brexit vote.

References

1. "It's official: Last EU election had lowest-ever turnout". EurActiv – EU News & policy debates, across languages. 7 August 2014.
2. "Commission hopefuls largely unknown on streets of Europe". Euobserver.com. 21 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
3. "Jean-Claude Juncker: Experience. Solidarity. Future". European People's Party. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
4. "EU Conservatives call single candidate election campaigns a '1950-style vision'". EurActiv.com. 24 February 2014.
5. Council Decision 2013/299/EU, Euratom of 14 June 2013 fixing the period for the eighth election of representatives to the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage, published on 21 June 2013 by the Official Journal of the European Union, L 169/69
6. "Next European Parliament elections to be brought forward to May 2014" (Press release). European Parliament. 15 April 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
7. Mead, Nick; Blight, Garry (14 August 2013). "Eurozone crisis: are the years of pain over?". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 February 2014. The crisis started back in October 2009, when Greece's finance minister revealed a black hole in his country's budget
8. "EU Leadership Approval at Record Low in Spain, Greece". Gallup. 8 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
9. "Approval of EU leadership lowest in Greece". EUobserver. 8 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
10. "Skepticism And Contempt Color Upcoming European Parliament Elections". Huffington Post. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
11. Fox, Benjamin (5 March 2014). "Far-left surge to outnumber Liberals in EU elections, suggests poll". EUobserver. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
12. "Turning right". The Economist. 4 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
13. Roche, David (March 2014). "Against the tide: Populism might gain, but the centre will unite". Euromoney. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
14. De Lange, Sarah L.; Rooduijn, Matthijs; Van Spanje, Joost (4 February 2014). "The 'Le Pen-Wilders' alliance will change European politics". Policy Network. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
15. "Sensation: FPÖ neue Nummer 1 Sensation: FPÖ new number 1". TZ Österreich. 16 January 2014. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
16. Mikkelsen, Ole (15 March 2014). "Eurosceptic party leads in Danish poll before European election". Reuters. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
17. "France's National Front tops EU election survey". EUobserver. 9 October 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
18. Cluskey, Peter (3 January 2014). "Dutch study reveals immigration fears". Irish Times. Retrieved 23 January 2014. ... Liberal- Labour coalition government, who are trailing in the polls behind Geert Wilders and his anti-immigrant Freedom Party in the run-up to the European elections.
19. "European elections results 2014: Farage and Ukip top poll as Europe swings to the right". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
20. "Greece's anti-austerity Syriza party widens lead over conservatives". Reuters. 22 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
21. "M5S al 25% ma il PD Avanti di 9 punti". Lastampa.it. 9 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
22. Stearns, Jonathan (15 January 2014). "EU Elections May Be 'Tense' as Extremism Grows, Barroso Warns". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
23. Euractiv.com Van Rompuy scorns direct election of Commission president 14 October 2013
24. EUobserver Merkel: EU vote not decisive on commission President 25.10.13
25. Aubry Touriel (15 October 2013). "Jacques Delors verrait bien Pascal Lamy à la tête de la Commission" (in French). Euractiv.fr. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
26. Resolution n°2 "A New Way Forward, A Stronger PES" Adopted by the 8th PES Congress Archived 15 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine in Prague, 7–8 December 2009
27. Resolution n°2 "A democratic and transparent process for designating the PES – candidate for the European Commission Presidency" Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine adopted by the PES Council in Warsaw on 2 December 2010
28. Resolution "Selecting our common candidate in 2014"^{[permanent dead link‍]} adopted by the PES Council on 24 November 2011
29. "Political parties must nominate European Commission president" Archived 30 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Public Service Europe, 1 October 2012
30. European liberal leader spells out concerns for 2014 elections, Euractiv.com, 8 May 2013
31. "European Greens announce innovative and ambitious plans for an open online primary", Press release, European Green Party, 12 May 2013
32. European elections: concerning the submission of an EL candidacy for the presidency of the European Commission Archived 23 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, EL Website, 19 October 2013
33. EDP Council: Refounding Europe Archived 13 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine, EDP website, 3 December 2013
34. Jean-Claude Juncker elected as EPP candidate for President of the European Commission, European People's Party, 7 March 2014, archived from the original on 28 August 2019, retrieved 16 April 2019
35. 6–7 March: EPP to hold Congress in Dublin with heads of state and government, 2,000 participants; process to select EPP candidate for EC President starts today, European People's Party, 13 February 2014, archived from the original on 27 February 2014
36. Keating, Dave (29 January 2014). "Commission president debate to be televised". European Voice. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
37. PES website PES opens nominations for 'Common Candidate' selection for next year's European elections Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine 1 October 2013
38. See for example the contribution by Dr. Ania Skrzypek, FEPS Policy Advisor Models of (s)electing a pan-European Leading candidate^{[dead link‍]} 24 June 2010
39. PES Resolution Selecting our common candidate in 2014^{[permanent dead link‍]}, adopted by the PES Council on 24 November 2011
40. PES candidates for Commission President, Jon Worth's blog
41. "Race for next Commission president begins". euractiv.com. 24 April 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
42. "PES Council in Bulgaria: Martin Schultz to be PES candidate for EC President". bulgaria.newsinuk.info. 22 June 2013. Archived from the original on 6 May 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
43. S&D Group website S&D Group endorses Martin Schulz's application as PES candidate for Commission president, 10 October 2013
44. "Martin Schulz a déjà rempli la condition requise en obtenant le soutien de plus de six partis ou organisations membres du PSE, dont celui du PS français", in Les Echos, UE : Schulz plus que jamais favori à gauche pour la Commission, 10 October 2013
45. ALDE Party ALDE Party candidate for Commission President to be announced 1 February Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, 14 October 2013
46. Verhofstadt to be left out of the race for Barroso successor, Euractiv, 12 November 2012
47. Barroso: I proposed putting a 'face' on EU elections, Euractiv, 13 September 2013
48. david Bennett (21 August 2013). "Olli Rehn throws hat into ring for Commission president's job". EurActiv. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
49. "Agreement between Olli Rehn & Guy Verhofstadt – statement by ALDE Party President". Aldeparty.eu. 20 January 2014. Archived from the original on 23 January 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
50. "European Green Party". Greenprimary.eu. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
51. "EGP primary infographic". Retrieved 19 February 2014.
52. "Bové, Frassoni, Harms and Keller to contend Green Primary". Europeangreens.eu. 7 November 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
53. SYRIZA warns of "bail out number 4" To Bhma. Retrieved 11 June 2013
54. Riunione dei Presidenti e dei Segretari dei partiti della Sinistra Europea. Rifondazione Comunista. Retrieved 10 June 2013
55. "European Left Party announces Alexis Tsipras as candidate for EC presidency". Euronews. 15 December 2013. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
56. "EDP welcomed Liberals' decision to present Guy Verhofstadt as their candidate". Pde-edp.eu. 20 January 2014. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
57. "EDP adopted its Manifesto and will officialise its candidate to the Commission Presidency on March 12th". PDE/EDP. 28 February 2014. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
58. Keating, Dave (20 February 2014). "ECR: 'Nobody for president'". European Voice. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
59. "European Free Alliance". E-f-a.org. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
60. Ernesto (21 March 2014). "Pirate Bay Founder Gets Ready to Run for European Parliament". TorrentFreak. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
61. "Vidéo : le débat entre Jean-Claude Juncker et Martin Schulz". france24.com. 9 April 2014. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
62. "Battle for the head of the EU Commission: Martin Schulz vs Jean-Claude Juncker". france24.com. 10 April 2014. Archived from the original on 16 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
63. "Top candidates to face off on Europe's big issues – Euranet Plus inside". Euranetplus-inside.eu. 24 April 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
64. "Le débat Juncker/Schulz". videos.tf1.fr/. 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
65. "Europe : dernière ligne droite". france2.fr/. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
66. "What the Polls Say About European Elections". 26 March 2014. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014.
67. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (22 May 2014). "European Elections 2014 Seats Projection (16)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
68. "EU 2014". Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
69. "election.de: Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament – Prognose 21. Mai 2014". election.de. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
70. "What the Polls Say". www.electio2014.eu. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
71. "2014 European elections: latest projections of seats in the Parliament". Elections2014.eu. 24 March 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
72. "Der (europäische) Föderalist: Wenn an diesem Sonntag Europawahl wäre: Prognose für das Europäische Parlament". Foederalist.blogspot.de. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
73. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (19 May 2014). "European Elections 2014 Seats Projection (15)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
74. "election.de: Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament – Prognose 15. Mai 2014". election.de. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
75. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (12 May 2014). "European Elections 2014 Seats Projection (14)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
76. "Der (europäische) Föderalist: Wenn an diesem Sonntag Europawahl wäre: Prognose für das Europäische Parlament". Foederalist.blogspot.de. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
77. "What the Polls Say". pollwatch2014.eu. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
78. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (5 May 2014). "European Elections 2014 Seats Projection (13)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
79. "election.de: Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament – Prognose 02. Mai 2014". election.de. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
80. "What the Polls Say". pollwatch2014.eu. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
81. "2014 European elections: latest projections of seats in the Parliament". Elections2014.eu. 24 March 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
82. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (28 April 2014). "European Elections 2014 Seats Projection (11)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
83. "Der (europäische) Föderalist: Wenn an diesem Sonntag Europawahl wäre: Prognose für das Europäische Parlament". Foederalist.blogspot.de. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
84. "election.de: Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament – Prognose April 2014". election.de. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
85. "2014 European elections: latest projections of seats in the Parliament". Elections2014.eu. 24 March 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
86. "What the Polls Say". www.electio2014.eu. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
87. "カイテキオリゴの半額は終了？「2019年」の最安値をチェック". www.eutwentyfourteen.com. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014.
88. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (21 April 2014). "European Elections 2014 Seats Projection (11)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
89. "Der (europäische) Föderalist: Wenn an diesem Sonntag Europawahl wäre: Prognose für das Europäische Parlament". Foederalist.blogspot.de. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
90. electionista [@electionista] (22 April 2014). "The #EP2014 prediction in %s: EPP 28.2% S&D 27.3% ALDE 8% GUE/NGL 7.5% ECR 5.7% GRN/EFA 5.6% EFD 4.5% others 13.1%" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
91. "What the Polls Say". www.electio2014.eu. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
92. "Der (europäische) Föderalist: Wenn an diesem Sonntag Europawahl wäre: Prognose für das Europäische Parlament". Foederalist.blogspot.de. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
93. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (14 April 2014). "European Elections 2014 Seats Projection (10)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
94. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (7 April 2014). "European Elections 2014 Seats Projection (9)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
95. "Der (europäische) Föderalist: Wenn an diesem Sonntag Europawahl wäre: Prognose für das Europäische Parlament". Foederalist.blogspot.de. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
96. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (31 March 2014). "European Elections 2014 Seats Projection (8)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
97. "2014 European elections: latest projections of seats in the Parliament". Elections2014.eu. 24 March 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
98. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (24 March 2014). "European Elections 2014 Seats Projection (7)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
99. "What the Polls Say". pollwatch2014.eu. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
100. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (17 March 2014). "European Elections 2014: Seats Projection (6)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
101. Eingestellt von Manuel Müller (15 March 2014). "Der (europäische) Föderalist: Krisenstaaten wählen links, kleine Länder liberal, und die Christdemokraten sind vor allem in der Eurozone stark: Zur Wahlgeografie der Europäischen Union". Foederalist.blogspot.de. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
102. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (10 March 2014). "European Elections 2014: GENERAL SUMMARY – S&D 226 – EPP 217 – ALDE 63 – GUE/NGL 62 – ECR 41 – Green/EFA 34 – EFD 30 – Non Inscrits 78". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
103. "What the Polls Say". pollwatch2014.eu. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
104. pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (3 March 2014). "European Elections 2014: GENERAL SUMMARY – S&D 224 – EPP 216 – ALDE 63 – GUE/NGL 62 – ECR 42 – Green/EFA 34 – EFD 30 – Non Inscrits 80". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
105. electionista [@electionista] (3 March 2014). "The #EP2014 prediction in %s: S&D 27.4% EPP 27.2% ALDE 9.6% GUE/NGL 7.8% ECR 6% GRN/EFA 5.6% EFD 4.1% NI/other 12.3%" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
106. Manuel Müller [@foederalist] (27 February 2014). "#EP2014-Prognose @GUENGL 57 @GreensEP 45 @PES_PSE 214 @ALDEgroup 70 @EPPGroup 214 @ecrgroup 44 @EFDgroup 24 Sonst. 83" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
107. "Έρευνα της ΚΑΠΑ Research Τι δείχνει η κωδικοποίηση όλων των δημοσκοπήσεων στην Ευρώπη για τις επερχόμενες ευρωεκλογές" (in Greek). 3comma14.gr. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
108. "What the Polls Say". pollwatch2014.eu. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
109. Europa.eu, EP Press Release 16/12/08
110. Waterfield, Bruno (22 May 2009). "Eighteen 'phantom' MEPs will do no work for two years". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
111. "MaltaMedia.com". Maltamediaonline.com. 10 June 2009. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
112. Paul Taylor; Luke Baker (27 May 2014). "After seismic elections, EU leaders assess damage". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
113. "European Parliament / Results of the 2014 European elections". Retrieved 27 March 2014.
114. "Merkel adversaries accepted in Cameron's group". euobserver.com. 12 June 2014.
115. "Freie Wähler ziehen ins Europaparlament ein" (in German). fw-bayern.de. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
116. "Sieben Einzelkämpfer für Europa". Zeit Online. 27 May 2014. p. 3.
117. "ECR group takes two parties from Farage". europeanvoice.com. 4 June 2014.
118. "Up-to-date list of the MEPs for the new legislative period". 11 June 2014.
119. "Sitzverteilung" (in German). Bundeswahlleiter.de. Archived from the original on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
120. Barker, Alex; Pickard, Jim (18 June 2014). "Farage forms European bloc and secures funds of €14m". Financial Times. London.
121. "Élections européennes" (in French). elections.interieur.gouv.fr/. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
122. "Results of the 2014 European elections". results-elections2014.eu/. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
123. "Proclamation des résultats de l'élection des représentants au Parlement européen" (in French). legifrance.gouv.fr. 1 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
124. "UK European election results". BBC. 26 May 2014.
125. "2014 European Election, Northern Ireland First Preference Votes". ElectionsIreland.org. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
126. Waterfield, Bruno (12 June 2014). "Italy's Beppe Grillo joins Nigel Farage's 'people's army'". The Telegraph. London.
127. "Gabi Zimmer expressed her delight at the nearly 50% increase in the size of the group to 52 MEPs". guengl.eu. 11 June 2014. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
128. "Liberals now third largest group in European Parliament". EurActiv.com. 17 June 2014.
129. "Podemos acuerda con Tsipras entrar en el grupo de la Izquierda Unitaria de la Eurocámara". Público. Madrid, Spain. 27 May 2014.
130. "Romanian liberals seek EPP affiliation". EurActiv.com. 26 May 2014.
131. ALDE Group [@ALDEgroup] (24 June 2014). "ALDE welcomes new group member Mircea Diaconu from Romania, whose membership has just been approved by acclamation. #67" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
132. "BEC 2014 Proces-Verbal privind centralizarea voturilor și atribuirea mandatelor la alegerile pentru Parlamentul European – 25 mai 2014" (PDF) (in Romanian). bec2014.ro. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
133. "SGP'er Bas Belder Toch met CU in ééneurofractie". nd.nl. 16 June 2014.
134. "Partij voor de Dieren sluit zich in Europa aan bij uiterst links". parool.nl. 11 June 2014.
135. "Czech ANO party joins ALDE group in the European Parliament". ALDE Group. 16 June 2014. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
136. "Petr Mach vyjednal spolupráci s Nigelem Faragem a britskou stranou UKIP | Svobodní" (in Czech). Web.svobodni.cz. 27 February 2014. Archived from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
137. "Elections to the European Parliament held on the territory of the Czech Republic on 23 – 24 May 2014". Český statistický úřad. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
138. "Tájékoztató adatok az Európai Parlamenti választás összesített eredményéről" (in Hungarian). National Election Office (NVI). 25 May 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
139. "Europeias 2014 – Resultados Globais" (in Portuguese). MAI. 26 May 2014. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
140. "FI till S-grupp i EU-parlamentet (FI to Socialdemocratic group in the EU parliament)". SVT Nyheter (in Swedish). Sveriges Television. 7 June 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
141. "Election results from Swedish Election Agency". Val.se. 30 May 2014. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014.
142. ECR Group [@ecrgroup] (12 June 2014). "ECR also admitted new Bulgarian MEP Barekov. Welcome to him. Takes us to 63 MEPs" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
143. Europe Decides [@EuropeDecides] (24 June 2014). "ALDE and ECR both gained new members today: Angel Dzhambazki from BG joined @ecrgroup Mircea Diaconu from RO joined @ALDEgroup #EP2014" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
144. "Резултати :: Избори за Европейски Парламент 2014". results.cik.bg.
145. "Resultater – Valgaften – Hele Landet". Dst.dk. 22 July 2002. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
146. Kroet, Cynthia (23 June 2014). "Irish MEP leaves ALDE for ECR group". Brussels: European Voice. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
147. Nessa Childers MEP [@NChildersMEP] (11 June 2014). ""@dsmooney: @TheProgressives is your Irish member? She is!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
148. "2014 European Election, Dublin First Preference Votes". ElectionsIreland.org. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
149. "2014 European Election, Midlands North West First Preference Votes". ElectionsIreland.org. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
150. "2014 European Election, South First Preference Votes". ElectionsIreland.org. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
151. James Crisp (18 June 2014). "Le Pen candidate joins Farage's new EFD group". EurActiv. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
152. "European election 2014 results for Slovenia". European parliament elections 2014. State election commission of Slovenia. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
153. "European election 2014 seats distribution and elected deputies for Slovenia". European parliament elections 2014. State election commission of Slovenia. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
154. "European Parliament Elections – 2014 Count 21–30". Government of Malta. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
155. N-VA [@de_NVA] (18 June 2014). "Partijraad N-VA besliste om in het Europees Parlement lid te worden van de ECR-fractie #ep #ecr" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
156. McDonald, Henry (24 June 2014). "Fianna Fáil MEP loses whip for joining rightwing European parliament bloc". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 25 June 2014. "Ireland's main opposition party in the Dáil has withdrawn the whip from its only MEP after he allied himself with a Eurosceptic rightwing group in the European parliament."
157. "Statement of the Central Committee of the KKE on the stance of the KKE in the EU parliament (in English)". Communist Party of Greece. 3 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
158. "France's Le Pen announces far-right bloc of anti-EU MEPs". BBC News. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
159. "2014 European Parliament election turnout was lowest ever, revised data shows". 5 August 2014. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
160. "EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL ELECTIONS FIGURED OUT" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
161. Juncker given first shot at EU commission job, EUObserver, 27 May 2014
162. EU leaders decline to endorse Juncker, EUObserver, 28 May 2014
163. David Cameron tries to stop Jean-Claude Juncker getting EU top job, The Guardian, 28 May 2014
164. "Opposition to Juncker wanes, Cameron isolated". EurActiv. EurActiv.com PLC. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014. Two allies who lent towards Cameron initially, the Dutch and Swedish prime ministers, are edging away and do not rule out accepting the former Luxembourg Prime Minister if they are satisfied with the new Commission's policy agenda.[...] A Swedish government source said Reinfeldt had never been opposed to Juncker, a fellow member of the centre-right European People's party, but wanted an agreement on policy first.
165. Nicholas Watt and Ian Traynor (27 June 2014). "David Cameron loses Jean-Claude Juncker vote | World news". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
166. "Parliament elects 'politically ecumenical' Juncker as Commission President". EurActiv. EurActiv.com. 15 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
167. "EU Parliament pushes Juncker's 'right' to be Commission head". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
168. "My Priorities". Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2014.

Further reading

• Jacobs, Francis; et al. (2014). "Forum: European Parliament Elections in Times of Crisis" (PDF). Intereconomics (1). ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics: 4–29. doi:10.1007/s10272-014-0483-1. S2CID 254161564. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2014.
• Golder, Sona N.; Stephenson, Laura B.; Van der Straeten, Karine; Blais, André; Bol, Damien; Harfst, Philipp; Laslier, Jean-François (March 2017). "Votes for women: electoral systems and support for female candidates" (PDF). Politics & Gender. 13 (1). Cambridge Journals: 107–131. doi:10.1017/S1743923X16000684.

External links

• Official website
• Eurovision debate Archived 23 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine
• Image-movie of the EU-campaign "Act. React. Impact." (YouTube)
• Poptcheva, Eva-Maria. "Electoral thresholds in European elections. Developments in Germany". Library Briefing. Library of the European Parliament. Retrieved 25 July 2013.