Battle of Basra (1991)

The Battle of Basra was fought in the beginning of the 1991 Iraqi uprisings following the Gulf War. The battle started after demoralized troops throughout Iraq began to rebel against Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist regime, in particular after a tank driver in Basra fired at a public portrait of Saddam Hussein. Basra became a chaotic battlefield between military defectors and Republican Guard, with most of the fighting taking place at close quarters. Most of Basra had been retaken by mid March, but rebels in parts such as Tanuma managed to hold out until mid April. After Ba'athist forces had regained control, they engaged in a crackdown against civilians and suspected supporters of the uprising.^[1]

Battle of Basra (1991)
Part of 1991 uprisings in Iraq
Basra
Date 1 March – 15 April 1991 Location Basra, Iraq Result Iraqi government victory Territorial changes Parts of Basra captured by rebels, then recaptured by the Iraqi military.
Belligerents
Iraqi government Republican Guard Ba'ath Party loyalist forces	Shia militants
Commanders and leaders
Saddam Hussein	Abu Iman (POW)
Strength
6,000+	5,000 army deserters, unknown number of rebels associated with Shia opposition
Casualties and losses
unknown	3,848, captured

This article is about a battle between Iraqi forces and rebels in 1991. For other uses, see Battle of Basra.

Uprising

1 March

The turmoil began in Basra on 1 March 1991, one day after the Gulf War ceasefire, when a T-72 tank gunner returning home after Iraq's defeat in Kuwait fired a shell into an enormous portrait of Saddam Hussein hanging over the city's main square and the other soldiers applauded.^[2][3]

4 March

By 4 March, the forces loyal to Saddam Hussein had managed to gain the upper hand in the battle, and began a brutal counter-offensive characterised by the arbitrary killing of civilians, with government tanks reportedly firing at buildings and civilians and Republican Guardsmen engaging in massacres against the civilian population. The fighting entered a stand-still by early April and the local resistance and the Republican Guardsmen entered a truce.^[4]