1985 Polish parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 13 October 1985.^[1] According to the Constitution of 1952 the elections should have been held every 4 years, that is in the spring of 1984, but since the internal political situation was still considered "unstable" even after the repealing in 1983 of the Martial Law, the Sejm voted to extend its own term at first indefinitely (on February 13, 1984) and then until August 31, 1985 (on December 3, 1984), fixing the elections to be held not beyond the end of 1985. As was the case in previous elections, only candidates approved by the Communist regime (coalesced under the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth, replacing the similar Front of National Unity) were permitted on the ballot. The outcome was thus not in doubt, nevertheless the regime was hoping for a high turnout, which it could then claim as evidence of strong support for the government among the population. The opposition from the Solidarity movement called for a boycott of the elections. According to official figures 78.9% of the electorate turned out to vote.^[2] This turnout, while relatively high, was much lower than the nearly 100% turnout which was reported in previous elections.

1985 Polish parliamentary election

← 1980 13 October 1985 (1985-10-13) 1989 →
All 460 seats in the Sejm 231 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party Third party   Leader Wojciech Jaruzelski Roman Malinowski Tadeusz Witold Młyńczak Party PZPR ZSL SD Last election 261 113 37 Seats won 245 106 39 Seat change 16 7 2

It was the last election in Communist Poland in which no real opposition candidates were allowed to participate. The following election in 1989, in which opposition parties could put up candidates for a portion of the seats, resulted in a convincing opposition victory followed by the downfall of the Communist system.

TV Solidarity incident

See also: Broadcast signal intrusion

In 1985, four college students at University of Toruń used a computer to hijack the signal of multiple state-owned television stations. They placed propagandist messages on the screen in an attempt to get the viewer to boycott the elections.^[3]

Enough price increases, lies, and repressions. Solidarity Toruń. It is our duty to boycott the election.

— "Telewizja Solidarność" (TV Solidarity)

Results

The results, like with the other elections in communist Poland, were controlled by the communist government. The results of the 1985 election were duplicating, exactly, the results of the 1965 to 1972 elections, which were only marginally different from those of the preceding years.

Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth		Polish United Workers' Party			245	–16
			United People's Party			106	–7
			Democratic Party			35	–2
			Independents			74	+25
Total						460	0
Valid votes				20,489,086	99.68
Invalid votes				65,096	0.32
Total votes				20,554,182	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				26,065,497	78.86
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

As the other parties and "independents" were subordinate to PZPR, its control of the Sejm was total.^[4][5]

Post-elections

Shortly after the elections, Jaruzelski resigned as prime minister and defence minister and became the Chairman of the Polish Council of State — a post equivalent to that of head of state of Poland. However, his power centered on and firmly entrenched in his coterie of "LWP" generals and lower ranks officers of the Polish Communist Army.^[6]

References

1. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1491 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
2. Nohlen & Stöver, p1503
3. "Telewizja "Solidarność" Toruń 1985" (in Polish). w.icm.edu.pl. 2006-05-18. Archived from the original on 2009-12-06. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
4. Andrzej Paczkowski; Jane Cave (2003). The spring will be ours: Poland and the Poles from occupation to freedom. Penn State Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-271-02308-3. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
5. Norman Davies (May 2005). God's Playground: 1795 to the present. Columbia University Press. p. 459. ISBN 978-0-231-12819-3. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
6. CIA’s Historical Review (24 October 1997). "Cold War era analysis" (PDF). Soviet – East European Military Relations in Historical Perspective Sources and Reassessments. 1 (1). The Historical Collections Division (HCD) of the Office of Information Management Services: 18 of 44. Archived from the original (PDF file, direct download 12.2 MB) on 24 November 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2014.