1906–07 United States Senate elections

The 1906–07 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1906 and 1907, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.^[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

1906–07 United States Senate elections

← 1904 & 1905 January 9, 1906 – August 6, 1907 1908 & 1909 →
30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 46 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader William B. Allison (retired) Charles Culberson Party Republican Democratic Leader since March 4, 1897 March 4, 1905 Leader's seat Iowa Texas Seats before 57 33 Seats won 18 11 Seats after 60 29 Seat change 3 4 Seats up 15 15
Results of the elections:      Democratic hold      Republican gain      Republican hold      Legislature failed to elect
Majority Party before election Republican Elected Majority Party Republican

The Republican Party gained three seats in the United States Senate, expanding their majority to more twice that of the opposing Democratic Party. The elections were held alongside the 1906 House of Representatives elections, which saw a significant Democratic gain in contrast to the Senate elections.

In Georgia, the legislature failed to elect until shortly after the beginning of the 60th Congress on March 4. In Rhode Island, the legislature deadlocked and did not elect a Senator until well into 1908.

Results summary

Senate party division, 60th Congress (1907–1909)

• Majority party: Republican (60)
• Minority party: Democratic (28)
• Other prties: 0
• Vacancies: 2
• Total seats: 90

Change in composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1906.

					D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6
D16	D17	D18	D19 Al. Ran	D20 Ar. Ran	D21 Co. Retired	D22 Ga. Ran	D23 Id. Ran	D24 Ky. Ran	D25 La. Ran
R56 W.V. Ran	R57 Wyo. Ran	D33 Va. Ran	D32 Tex. Ran	D31 Tenn. Ran	D30 S.C. Ran	D29 Or. Retired	D28 N.C. Ran	D27 Mont. Retired	D26 Miss. Ran
R55 S.D. Ran	R54 R.I. Ran	R53 N.J. Ran	R52 N.H. Ran	R51 Neb. Retired	R50 Minn. Ran	R49 Mich. Retired	R48 Mass. Ran	R47 Me. Ran	R46 Kan. Ran
Majority →
R36	R37	R38	R39	R40	R41	R42	R43 Del. Retired	R44 Ill. Ran	R45 Ia. Ran
R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26
R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25
R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
					R1	R2	R3	R4	R5

Result of the general elections

					D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6
D16	D17	D18	D19 Re-elected	D20 Re-elected	D21 Re-elected	D22 Re-elected	D23 Re-elected	D24 Re-elected	D25 Re-elected
R56 Hold	R57 Gain	R58 Gain	R59 Gain	R60 Gain	V1 R.I. R Loss	V2 Ga. D Loss	D28 Hold	D27 Hold	D26 Hold
R55 Hold	R54 Hold	R53 Hold	R52 Hold	R51 Re-elected	R50 Re-elected	R49 Re-elected	R48 Re-elected	R47 Re-elected	R46 Re-elected
Majority→									R45 Re-elected
R36	R37	R38	R39	R40	R41	R42	R43 Re-elected	R44 Re-elected
R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26
R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25
R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
					R1	R2	R3	R4	R5

Beginning of the next Congress

					D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6
D16	D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25
R56	R57	R58	R59	R60	V1 R.I.	D29 Ga. Appointed	D28	D27	D26
R55	R54	R53	R52	R51	R50	R49	R48	R47	R46
Majority→									R45
R36	R37	R38	R39	R40	R41	R42	R43	R44
R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26
R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25
R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
					R1	R2	R3	R4	R5

Key	D# Democratic R# Republican V# Vacant

Race summaries

Elections during the 59th Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1906 or in 1907 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Delaware (Class 1)	Vacant			Legislature had previously failed to elect. New senator elected June 12, 1906. Republican gain.[2]	▌Y Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 36 ▌J. Edward Addicks (Republican) 2[2]
Kansas (Class 2)	Alfred W. Benson	Republican	1906 (appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 22, 1907. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Charles Curtis (Republican) 120 ▌Alfred W. Benson (Republican) 19 ▌W. A. Harris (Democratic) 11 ▌Walter R. Stubbs (Republican) 1[3]
Oregon (Class 2)	John M. Gearin	Democratic	1905 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired January 22, 1907, when successor elected. New senator elected January 22, 1907, ratifying popular selection made in 1906 state elections.[4][5][6] Republican gain. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican) Unopposed[6] In state election: ▌Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican) 74.85% ▌J. D. Stevens (Socialist) 15.17% ▌Hiram Gould (Prohibition) 9.99%[7]
Michigan (Class 2)	Russell A. Alger	Republican	1902 (appointed) 1903 (special)	Incumbent died January 24, 1907. New senator elected February 5, 1907.[6] Republican hold. Winner had already been elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y William A. Smith (Republican) [data missing]

In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1909, in the 61st Congress.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama (Class 3)	Edmund Pettus	Democratic	1903	Incumbent re-elected early January 22, 1907, for the term beginning March 4, 1909.[3] Winner died July 27, 1907, and a new senator was elected early August 6, 1907.[3]	July 27, 1907: ▌Y Edmund Pettus (Democratic) Unopposed[3] August 6, 1907: ▌Y Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed[3]

Elections leading to the 60th Congress

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1907; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama	John T. Morgan	Democratic	1876 1882 1888 1894 1900	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][3] Winner died June 11, 1907, and a new senator was appointed June 17. Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907.[3]	January 22, 1907: ▌Y John T. Morgan (Democratic) Unopposed[3] July 16, 1907: ▌Y John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed[3]
Arkansas	James H. Berry	Democratic	1885 (special) 1889 1895 1901	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected January 29, 1907.[3] Democratic hold.	▌Y Jeff Davis (Democratic) ▌John L. Worthington (Republican) 5[3]
Colorado	Thomas Patterson	Democratic	1901	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907. Republican gain.	▌Y Simon Guggenheim (Republican) 68 ▌Charles Thomas (Democratic) 27 ▌Frank C. Goudy (Republican) 4[3]
Delaware	J. Frank Allee	Republican	1903 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907. Republican hold.	▌Y Harry A. Richardson (Republican) 36 ▌Willard Saulsbury Jr. (Democratic) 15[3]
Georgia	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900	Incumbent ran, but legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was appointed to start the term and was later elected to finish the term; see below.	▌Augustus O. Bacon (Democratic) [data missing]
Idaho	Fred Dubois	Democratic	1890 1897 (lost) 1901	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 15, 1907. Republican gain.	▌Y William Borah (Republican) 50 ▌Fred Dubois (Democratic) 18[5]
Illinois	Shelby M. Cullom	Republican	1882 1888 1894 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4]	▌Y Shelby M. Cullom (Republican) 132 ▌Carroll C. Boggs (Democratic) 68 ▌Daniel R. Sheen (Prohibition) 3[3]
Iowa	Jonathan Dolliver	Republican	1900 (appointed) 1901 (appointed) 1902 (special)	Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1907.	▌Y Jonathan Dolliver (Republican) 110 ▌Claude Porter (Democratic) 45[8]
Kansas	Alfred W. Benson	Republican	1906 (appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 22, 1907. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term; see above.	▌Y Charles Curtis (Republican) 122 ▌William A. Harris (Democratic) 32 ▌Joseph L. Bristow (Republican) 1[3][4]
Kentucky	J. C. S. Blackburn	Democratic	1884 1890 1897 (lost) 1900	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 9, 1906.[2][9] Democratic hold.	▌Y Thomas Paynter (Democratic) 101 ▌William Cox (Republican) 30 ▌C. F. Burnan (Republican) 1[2][9]
Louisiana	Murphy J. Foster	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected early May 18, 1904.[10]	▌Y Murphy J. Foster (Democratic) 148 Unopposed[10]
Maine	William P. Frye	Republican	1881 (special) 1883 1889 1895 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.[3]	▌Y William P. Frye (Republican) 109 ▌William H. Pennell (Democratic) 66[3]
Massachusetts	Winthrop Crane	Republican	1904 (appointed) 1905 (special)	Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.	▌Y Winthrop M. Crane (Republican) 207 ▌James B. Carroll (Democratic) 48 ▌George Williams (Democratic) 3 ▌Joseph H. O'Neil (Democratic) 1 ▌John A. Sullivan (Democratic) 1[11]
Michigan	Russell A. Alger	Republican	1902 (appointed) 1903 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 15, 1907.[6] Republican hold. Winner was subsequently elected to finish the current term; see above.	▌Y William A. Smith (Republican) 123 ▌Charles E. Townsend (Republican) 2 ▌T. E. Barkworth (Democratic) 2[6]
Minnesota	Knute Nelson	Republican	1895 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4]	▌Y Knute Nelson (Republican) 143 ▌Albert Schaller (Democratic) 27 ▌W. J. Dean (Progressive) 3 ▌John O. Johnson (Democratic) 1 ▌Frank A. Day (Democratic) 1[6]
Mississippi	Anselm J. McLaurin	Democratic	1894 (special) 1900	Incumbent re-elected early January 19, 1904.[12]	▌Y Anselm J. McLaurin (Democratic) [data missing]
Montana	William Clark	Democratic	1899 1900 (resigned) 1901	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907.[6] Republican gain.	▌Y Joseph M. Dixon (Republican) 70 ▌Joseph Toole (Democratic) 17 ▌H. L. Frank (Democratic) 6 ▌W. C. Conrad (Unknown) 2 ▌[FNU] Norris (Democratic) 1[6]
Nebraska	Joseph Millard	Republican	1901 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 15, 1907.[6] Republican hold.	▌Y Norris Brown (Republican) 95 ▌William H. Thompson (Democratic) 36[6]
New Hampshire	Henry E. Burnham	Republican	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.[6][13]	▌Y Henry E. Burnham (Republican) 254 ▌Nathan C. Jameson (Democratic) 123 ▌George B. Leighton (Unknown) 1[6]
New Jersey	John F. Dryden	Republican	1902 (special)	Incumbent withdrew from renomination. New senator elected February 5, 1907.[6] Republican hold.	▌Y Frank O. Briggs (Republican) 41 ▌James E. Martine (Democratic) 35 ▌John W. Griggs (Republican) 1 ▌Mahlon Pitney (Republican) 1[6]
North Carolina	F. M. Simmons	Democratic	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][6]	▌Y F. M. Simmons (Democratic) 116 ▌Spencer B. Adams (Republican) 3 ▌James J. Britt (Republican) 2[6]
Oregon	John M. Gearin	Democratic	1905 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 2, 1907, ratifying popular selection made in 1906 state elections.[4][5][6] Republican gain.	▌Y Jonathan Bourne Jr. (Republican) 80 ▌Robert S. Bean (Democratic) 4 ▌Frank A. Moore (Democratic) 2 ▌Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican) 1[6] In state election: ▌Jonathan Bourne Jr. (Republican) 46.25% ▌Robert S. Bean (Democratic) 42.86% ▌A. G. Simola (Socialist) 6.10% ▌B. Lee Paget (Prohibition) 4.80%[14]
Rhode Island	George P. Wetmore	Republican	1894 1900	Legislature failed to elect.[4][15] Republican loss.	▌George P. Wetmore (Republican) ▌Samuel P. Colt (Republican) ▌Robert H. I. Goddard (Democratic)
South Carolina	Benjamin Tillman	Democratic	1894 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][16]	▌Y Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) Unopposed
South Dakota	Robert J. Gamble	Republican	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[16]	▌Y Robert J. Gamble (Republican) 100 ▌Andrew E. Lee (Democratic) 17 ▌Thomas Sterling (Independent) 15[16]
Tennessee	Edward W. Carmack	Democratic	1901	Incumbent lost renomination.[16] New senator elected January 15, 1907. Democratic hold.	▌Y Robert L. Taylor (Democratic) 108 ▌Nathan W. Hale (Republican) 26 ▌Asbury Wright (Republican) 1[16]
Texas	Joseph W. Bailey	Democratic	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[17]	▌Y Joseph W. Bailey (Democratic) 108 ▌William L. Cabell (Democratic) 2 ▌Alexander W. Terrell (Democratic) 1 ▌Horace Chilton (Democratic) 1 ▌Thomas M. Campbell (Democratic) 3 ▌John W. Logan (Democratic) 2 ▌James E. Yantis (Democratic) 2 ▌Cecil A. Lyon (Republican) 2 ▌Other Democrats 25[16][17]
Virginia	Thomas S. Martin	Democratic	1893 (early) 1899 (early)	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1906.[18]	▌Y Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) 116 ▌Campbell Slemp (Republican) 17[2][18]
West Virginia	Stephen B. Elkins	Republican	1895 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][16]	▌Y Stephen B. Elkins (Republican) 101 ▌John J. Cornwell (Democratic) 30[16]
Wyoming	Francis E. Warren	Republican	1890 1893 (lost) 1895 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][16]	▌Y Francis E. Warren (Republican) 64 ▌Colin Hunter (Democratic) 6[16]

Elections during the 60th Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1907 after March 4; sorted by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Wisconsin (Class 3)	John C. Spooner	Republican	1897 1903	Incumbent resigned April 30, 1907. New senator elected May 17, 1907. Republican hold.	▌Y Isaac Stephenson (Republican) 87 ▌G. W. Bird (Democratic) ▌Jacob Rummel (Social Democratic)[16]
Georgia (Class 2)	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900 1907 (appointed)	Interim appointee elected July 9, 1907.	▌Y Augustus O. Bacon (Democratic) Unopposed[3]
Alabama (Class 2)	John H. Bankhead	Democratic	1907 (appointed)	John T. Morgan (D), having just been re-elected (see above), died June 11, 1907. Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907.	▌Y John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed[3]
Alabama (Class 3)	Edmund Pettus	Democratic	1903 1907	Incumbent, having just been re-elected, died July 27, 1907. New senator elected August 6, 1907. Democratic hold.	▌Y Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed[3]
				New senator was also elected early August 6, 1907, to the term beginning March 4, 1909.[3]	▌Y Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed[3]
Oklahoma (Class 2)	None (new state)			First senators elected December 10, 1907.[6] Democratic gain.	▌Y Robert L. Owen (Democratic) 128 votes ▌Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes ▌C. B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes[6]
Oklahoma (Class 3)				First senators elected December 10, 1907.[6] Democratic gain.	▌Y Thomas Gore (Democratic) 128 votes ▌Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes ▌C. B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes[6]

Alabama

See also: List of United States senators from Alabama and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama

The two new senators, John H. Bankhead and Joseph F. Johnston, were named "alternate" senators at the state Democratic primary in 1906. The men who would beat them^[19] both died so Bankhead and Johnston were elected in their places.

Class 2

Alabama's class 2 senators

John Tyler Morgan,
until June 11, 1907

John H. Bankhead, from June 18, 1907

Alabama (regular, class 2)

Five-term Democrat John Tyler Morgan was re-elected January 22, 1907.^[19]

Alabama (special, class 2)

Morgan died June 11, 1907, just three months into his sixth term.^[20] Democrat John H. Bankhead was appointed June 18, 1907, to continue the term,^[21] pending a July 16, 1907, special election, which he won.

Class 3

Alabama's class 3 senators

Edmund Pettus,
until July 27, 1907

Joseph F. Johnston, from August 6, 1907

Alabama (regular, class 3)

Two-term Democrat Edmund Pettus was re-elected early on January 22, 1907, for the term that would begin in 1909.^[19][22]

Alabama (special, class 3)

Pettus died July 27, 1907, even before his new term was supposed to begin.^[20] Democrat Joseph F. Johnston was elected August 6, 1907, both to finish the term and to the next term.

Arkansas

See also: List of United States senators from Arkansas and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas

Colorado

See also: List of United States senators from Colorado and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado

Delaware

See also: List of United States senators from Delaware and 1906 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware

Delaware (special)

Delaware (regular)

Georgia

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia

Georgia (regular)

Georgia (special)

Idaho

See also: List of United States senators from Idaho and 1906 United States House of Representatives election in Idaho

Illinois

See also: List of United States senators from Illinois and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois

Iowa

See also: List of United States senators from Iowa and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa

Kansas

See also: List of United States senators from Kansas and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas

Kansas (regular)

Kansas (special)

Kentucky

See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky

Louisiana

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana

Maine

See also: List of United States senators from Maine and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine

Massachusetts

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts

Michigan

See also: List of United States senators from Michigan and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan

Michigan (regular)

Michigan (special)

Minnesota

See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota

Mississippi

See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi

Montana

See also: List of United States senators from Montana and 1906 United States House of Representatives election in Montana

Nebraska

See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska

New Hampshire

See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire

New Jersey

See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey

North Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina

Oklahoma

See also: List of United States senators from Oklahoma and 1907 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma

Oregon

See also: List of United States senators from Oregon and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon

Oregon (regular)

Oregon (special)

Rhode Island

See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island

South Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina

South Dakota

See also: List of United States senators from South Dakota and 1906 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota

Tennessee

See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee

Texas

See also: List of United States senators from Texas and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas

Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from Virginia and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia

West Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia

Wisconsin (special)

See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin and 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin

Wyoming

See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming and 1906 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming

See also

• 1906 United States elections
  • 1906 United States House of Representatives elections
• 59th United States Congress
• 60th United States Congress

Notes

1. "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
2. Tribune Almanac (1907), p. 258.
3. Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 258.
4. "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
5. World Almanac (1908), p. 263.
6. Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 259.
7. "Our Campaigns - OR US Special Senate Race - Nov 06, 1906". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
8. Clark, p. 248.
9. Schiller, Wendy J.; Stewart III, Charles (2015). Electing the Senate: Indirect Democracy before the Seventeenth Amendment. Princeton University Press. pp. 35–36. ISBN 9781400852680.
10. Official Journal of the Proceedings of House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana at the Regular Session of the General Assembly. 1904. p. 76.
11. Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 258–259.
12. "Re-elect Senators McLaurin and Money" (PDF). The New York Times. January 20, 1904. p. 5.
13. Journals of the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the State of New-Hampshire, January Session, 1907. Rumford Printing Co. 1907. p. 90.
14. "Our Campaigns - OR US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1906". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
15. Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 259–260.
16. Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 260.
17. "BAILEY IS RE-ELECTED, BUT UNDER CHARGES". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
18. "Senator Martin Re-elected". The New York Times. January 24, 1906. p. 6.
19. "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND.; Senatorial Deadlock Is Unbroken -- Elections in Other States". Retrieved August 5, 2020.
20. "SENATOR PETTUS DIES, AGED 86 YEARS; Succumbs to Brief Illness While at Hot Springs, North Carolina. LONG SERVICE TO NATION He and His Late Colleague, Senator Morgan, Were Associated Through Life". Retrieved 2020-08-05.
21. "BANKHEAD TO BE SENATOR.; Governor of Alabama Will Appoint Him in Morgan's Place". Retrieved 2020-08-05.
22. "Tribune Almanac and Political Register ..." 1908. Retrieved August 5, 2020.

References

• Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa City, Iowa.
• "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". via Senate.gov.
• The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1908. The Press Publishing Co., New York World. 1907. p. 263.
• The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1907. New York: The Tribune Association. 1907. p. 258.
• The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1908. New York: The Tribune Association. 1908. pp. 258–260.