1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 1, 1874, and September 7, 1875. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 44th United States Congress convened on December 6, 1875. Elections were held for all 292 seats, representing 37 states.

1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1872 & 1873 November 3, 1874[a] 1876 & 1877 →
All 292 seats in the United States House of Representatives[b] 147 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Michael Kerr James G. Blaine Party Democratic Republican Leader's seat Indiana 3rd Maine 3rd Last election 88 seats 195 seats Seats won 180[1] 103[1] Seat change 92 92 Popular vote 3,061,888 2,766,257 Percentage 49.12% 44.38% Swing 7.12% 8.47%   Third party Fourth party   Party Anti-Monopoly Reform Last election 0 seats 0 seats Seats won 1 1 Seat change 1 1 Popular vote 79,816 9,546 Percentage 1.28% 0.15% Swing New New   Fifth party   Party Independent Last election 1 seat[c] Seats won 4[d][e] Seat change 3 Popular vote 276,554 Percentage 4.44% Swing 2.19%
Results:      Democratic hold      Democratic gain      Republican hold      Republican gain      Independent hold
Speaker before election James G. Blaine Republican Elected Speaker Michael Kerr Democratic

These elections were held in the middle of President Ulysses S. Grant's second term with a deep economic depression underway. It was an important turning point, as the Republicans lost heavily and the Democrats gained control of the House. It signaled the imminent end of Reconstruction, which Democrats opposed. Historians emphasize the factors of economic depression and attacks on the Grant administration for corruption as key factors in the vote.^[2]

With the election following the Panic of 1873, Grant's Republican Party was crushed in the elections, losing their majority and almost half their seats to the Democratic Party. This was the first period of Democratic control since the pre-war era. The economic crisis and the inability of Grant to find a solution led to his party's defeat. This was the second-largest swing in the history of the House (only behind the 1894 elections), and is the largest House loss in the history of the Republican Party.

In the south, the Democrats continued their systematic destruction of the Republican coalition. In the South, Scalawags moved into the Democratic Party. The Democratic landslide signaled the imminent end of Reconstruction, which Democrats opposed and a realignment of the Republican coalition that had dominated American politics since the late 1850s.^[3]

While the ongoing end of Reconstruction in the South was one of the main reasons for the shift, turn-of-the-century historian James Ford Rhodes explored the multiple causes of the results in the North:^[4]

In the fall elections of 1874 the issue was clearly defined: Did the Republican President Ulysses S. Grant and Congress deserve the confidence of the country? and the answer was unmistakably No ... The Democrats had won a signal victory, obtaining control of the next House of Representatives which would stand Democrats 168, Liberals and Independents 14, Republicans 108 as against the two-thirds Republican majority secured by the election of 1872. Since 1861 the Republicans had controlled the House and now with its loss came a decrease in their majority in the Senate ...

Rhodes continues:

The political revolution from 1872 to 1874 was due to the failure of the Southern policy of the Republican party, to the Credit Mobilier and Sanborn contract scandals, to corrupt and inefficient administration in many departments and to the persistent advocacy of Grant by some close friends and hangers-on for a third presidential term. Some among the opposition were influenced by the President's backsliding in the cause of civil service reform, and others by the failure of the Republican party to grapple successfully with the financial question. The depression, following the financial Panic of 1873, and the number of men consequently out of employment weighed in the scale against the party in power. In Ohio, the result was affected by the temperance crusade in the early part of the year. Bands of women of good social standing marched to saloons before which or in which they sang hymns and, kneeling down, prayed that the great evil of drink might be removed. Sympathizing men wrought with them in causing the strict law of the State against the sale of strong liquor to be rigidly enforced. Since Republicans were in the main the instigators of the movement, it alienated from their party a large portion of the German American vote.

Special elections

• South Carolina 3: 1874
• Pennsylvania 23: 1874
• Massachusetts 1: 1875
• Oregon at-large: 1875
• Maine 4: 1875

Election summaries

↓

182	8	103
Democratic	[f]	Republican

State	Type	Total seats	Democratic		Republican		Independent
			Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District + 2 at-large	8	6	4	2	4	0
Arkansas	District	4	4	4	0	4	0
California[g]	District	4	3	2	1	2	0
Connecticut[g]	District	4	3	2	1	2	0
Delaware	At-large	1	1	1	0	1	0
Florida	District	2	1	1	1	1	0
Georgia[h]	District	9	9[e]	2	0	2	0
Illinois	District	19	11	6	6	8	2	2
Indiana[h]	District	13	8	5	5	5	0
Iowa[h]	District	9	1	1	8	1	0
Kansas	District	3	1	1	2	1	0
Kentucky	District	10	9	1	1	1	0
Louisiana	District	6	4	3	2	2	0
Maine[h]	District	5	0		5		0
Maryland	District	6	6	2	0	2	0
Massachusetts	District	11	5	5	4	7	2	2
Michigan	District	9	3	3	6	3	0
Minnesota	District	3	0		3		0
Mississippi	District	6	4	3	2[i]	3	0
Missouri	District	13	13	4	0	4	0
Nebraska[h]	At-large	1	0		1		0
Nevada	At-large	1	0	1	1	1	0
New Hampshire[g]	District	3	2	1	1	1	0
New Jersey	District	7	5	4	2	4	0
New York	District	33	17	8	16[i]	8	0
North Carolina[h]	District	8	7	2	1	2	0
Ohio[h]	District	20	13	7	7	7	0
Oregon[h]	At-large	1	1	1	0	1	0
Pennsylvania	District	27	17	12	10	12	0
Rhode Island	District	2	0		2		0
South Carolina	District	5	0		5		0
Tennessee	District	10	9	6	1	6	0
Texas	District	6	6		0		0
Vermont[h]	District	3	0		3[i]		0
Virginia	District	9	8	4	1	4	0
West Virginia[h]	District	3	3	1	0	1	0
Wisconsin	District	8	3	1	5	1	0
Total		293[b]	183[e] 62.5%	94	105[d] 36.2%	93	4 1.4%	4

Popular vote Democratic   49.12% Republican   44.38% Anti-Monopoly   1.28% Reform   0.15% Independent   4.44% Others   0.63%

House seats Democratic   61.43% Republican   35.15% Anti-Monopoly   0.34% Reform   0.34% Independent   2.74%

House seats by party holding plurality in state   80+% Democratic   80+% Republican   60+% to 80% Democratic   60+% to 80% Republican   Up to 60% Democratic   Up to 60% Republican

Net gain in party representation   6+ Democratic gain   6+ Republican gain   3-5 Democratic gain   3-5 Republican gain   1-2 Democratic gain   1-2 Republican gain   no net change

Election dates

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.^[5] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the states moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In 1874–75, there were still 10 states with earlier election dates, and 3 states with later election dates:

• Early elections (1874):
  • June 1 Oregon
  • August 6 North Carolina
  • September 1 Vermont
  • September 14 Maine
  • October 7 Georgia
  • October 13 Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska, Ohio, West Virginia
• Late elections (1875):
  • March 9, 1875 New Hampshire
  • April 5, 1875 Connecticut
  • September 7, 1875 California

Alabama

See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama

Arkansas

See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[6]
Arkansas 1	Asa Hodges	Republican	1872	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Lucien C. Gause (Democratic) 64.0% ▌William H. Rogers (Republican) 36.0%
Arkansas 2	Oliver P. Snyder	Republican	1870	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y William F. Slemons (Democratic) 53.7% ▌John M. Clayton (Republican) 46.3%
Arkansas 3	William J. Hynes Redistricted from the at-large district	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y William W. Wilshire (Democratic) 65.0% ▌William J. Hynes (Republican) 35.0%
Arkansas 4	Thomas M. Gunter Redistricted from the 3rd district	Democratic	1872[j]	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas M. Gunter (Democratic) 90.8% ▌Charles H. Lander (Republican) 9.2%

Arizona Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

California

Main article: 1875 United States House of Representatives elections in California

See also: List of United States representatives from California and 1874 United States Senate election in California

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California 1	Charles Clayton	Republican	1872	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y William Adam Piper (Democratic) 49.1% ▌Ira P. Rankin (Republican) 26.8% ▌John F. Swift (Independent) 24.1%
California 2	Horace F. Page	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Horace F. Page (Republican) 43.4% ▌Henry Larkin (Democratic) 38.7% ▌Charles A. Tuttle (Independent) 17.8%
California 3	John K. Luttrell	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John K. Luttrell (Democratic) 46.7% ▌C. B. Denio (Republican) 36.1% ▌Charles F. Reed (Independent) 17.1%
California 4	Sherman O. Houghton	Republican	1871	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Peter D. Wigginton (Democratic) 48.8% ▌Sherman O. Houghton (Republican) 34.6% ▌J. S. Thompson (Independent) 16.7%

Colorado Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[7]
Connecticut 1	Joseph R. Hawley	Republican	1872 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y George M. Landers (Democratic) ▌Joseph R. Hawley (Republican) ▌Edwin B. Lyon (Prohibition)
Connecticut 2	Stephen Kellogg	Republican	1869	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y James Phelps (Democratic) 50.8% ▌Stephen Kellogg (Republican) 45.9% ▌Calvin S. Harrington (Prohibition) 2.1%
Connecticut 3	Henry H. Starkweather	Republican	1867	Incumbent re-elected	▌Y Henry H. Starkweather (Republican) 49.4% ▌Lafayette S. Foster (Democratic) 45.7% ▌Elisha H. Palmer (Prohibition) 3.2%
Connecticut 4	William Barnum	Democratic	1867	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Barnum (Democratic) 53.8% ▌Robert Hubbard (Republican) 43.3% ▌Dwight M. Hodge (Prohibition) 2.3%

Delaware

See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware

Florida

Main article: 1874 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida

See also: List of United States representatives from Florida and 1875 United States Senate election in Florida

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Florida 1	William J. Purman Redistricted from the at-large district	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William J. Purman (Republican) 53.0% ▌John Henderson (Democratic) 47.0%
Florida 2	Josiah T. Walls Redistricted from the at-large district	Republican	1870	Incumbent re-elected. The election was later successfully challenged.	▌Y Josiah T. Walls (Republican) 51.1% ▌Jesse J. Finley (Democratic) 48.9%

Georgia

See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia

Idaho Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois

Indiana

See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana

Iowa

See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa

Kansas

See also: List of United States representatives from Kansas

Kentucky

See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky

Louisiana

See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana

Maine

See also: List of United States representatives from Maine

Maryland

See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland

Massachusetts

See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1	James Buffinton	Republican	1868	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James Buffinton (Republican) 68.88% ▌Louis Lapham (Democratic) 28.94% ▌Robert Carter Pitman (Independent) 2.19%
Massachusetts 2	Benjamin W. Harris	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Benjamin W. Harris (Republican) 59.07% ▌Edward Avery (Democratic) 40.93%
Massachusetts 3	William Whiting II	Republican	1872	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Henry L. Pierce (Republican) 61.92% ▌Benjamin Dean (Democratic) 38.08%
Massachusetts 4	Samuel Hooper	Republican	1861 (special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected after initial result overturned. Democratic gain.	▌Y Josiah Gardner Abbott (Democratic) 52.93% ▌Rufus S. Frost (Republican) 47.07%
Massachusetts 5	Daniel W. Gooch	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. Independent gain.	▌Y Nathaniel P. Banks (Independent) 64.92% ▌Daniel W. Gooch (Republican) 35.09%
Massachusetts 6	Benjamin Butler	Republican	1866	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Charles Perkins Thompson (Democratic) 52.94% ▌Benjamin Butler (Republican) 47.06%
Massachusetts 7	Ebenezer R. Hoar	Republican	1872	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y John K. Tarbox (Democratic) 54.77% ▌James C. Ayer (Republican) 45.23%
Massachusetts 8	John M. S. Williams	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y William W. Warren (Democratic) 52.20% ▌John M. S. Williams (Republican) 47.80%
Massachusetts 9	George F. Hoar	Republican	1868	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George F. Hoar (Republican) 51.26% ▌Eli Thayer (Democratic) 48.74%
Massachusetts 10	Alvah Crocker	Republican	1872 (special)	Incumbent retired. Independent gain.	▌Y Julius Seelye (Independent) 41.79% ▌Charles A. Stevens (Republican) 39.53% ▌Henry C. Hill (Democratic) 18.68%
Massachusetts 11	Henry L. Dawes	Republican	1856	Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate. Democratic gain.	▌Y Chester W. Chapin (Democratic) 65.77% ▌Henry Alexander (Republican) 34.23%

Michigan

See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan

Minnesota

See also: List of United States representatives from Minnesota

Mississippi

See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Mississippi 1	Lucius Q. C. Lamar	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Lucius Q. C. Lamar (Democratic) 100%[8]
Mississippi 2	Albert R. Howe	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. Independent Republican gain.	▌Y G. Wiley Wells (Ind. Republican) 59.42% ▌Albert R. Howe (Republican) 40.59%[9]
Mississippi 3	Henry W. Barry	Republican	1869	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Hernando Money (Democratic) 68.10% ▌Ridgley C. Powers (Republican) 31.90%[10]
Mississippi 4	Jason Niles	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Otho R. Singleton (Democratic) 66.57% ▌Jason Niles (Republican) 33.43%[11]
Mississippi 5	George C. McKee	Republican	1869	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Charles E. Hooker (Democratic) 59.91% ▌James Hill (Republican) 40.09%[12]
Mississippi 6	John R. Lynch	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John R. Lynch (Republican) 50.53% ▌Roderick Seal (Democratic) 49.47%[13]

Missouri

See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri

Montana Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Nebraska

See also: List of United States representatives from Nebraska

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Nebraska at-large	Lorenzo Crounse	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Lorenzo Crounse (Republican) 62.70% ▌James W. Savage (Democratic) 23.26% ▌James W. Davis (Independent) 11.34% ▌James G. Miller (Prohibition) 2.71%[14]

Nevada

See also: List of United States representatives from Nevada

New Hampshire

See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

New Jersey

See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey

New Mexico Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

New York

See also: List of United States representatives from New York

North Carolina

See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina

Ohio

See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio

Oregon

See also: List of United States representatives from Oregon

Pennsylvania

See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

South Carolina

Main article: 1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina

See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 1	Joseph Rainey	Republican	1870 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph Rainey (Republican) 51.4% ▌Samuel Lee (Ind. Republican) 48.6%
South Carolina 2	Alonzo J. Ransier	Republican	1872	Incumbent retired. Independent Republican gain. Election was later successfully challenged, declared vacant, and a special election was then held.	▌Y Edmund W. M. Mackey (Ind. Republican) 54.1% ▌Charles W. Buttz (Republican) 45.9%
South Carolina 3	Robert B. Elliott	Republican	1870	Incumbent resigned November 1, 1874, to serve as sheriff. Republican hold	▌Y Solomon L. Hoge (Republican) 56.1% ▌Samuel McGowan (Conservative) 43.9%
South Carolina 4	Alexander S. Wallace	Republican	1868	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Alexander S. Wallace (Republican) 53.2% ▌Joseph B. Kershaw (Conservative) 46.8%
South Carolina 5	Richard H. Cain Redistricted from the at-large seat	Republican	1872	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Robert Smalls (Republican) 79.4% ▌J. P. M. Epping (Ind. Republican) 19.9% Others 0.7%

Tennessee

See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1	Roderick R. Butler	Republican	1867	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y William McFarland (Democratic) 55.54% ▌Roderick R. Butler (Republican) 44.46%[15]
Tennessee 2	Jacob M. Thornburgh	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Jacob M. Thornburgh (Republican) 51.54% ▌Alfred Caldwell (Democratic) 48.47%[16]
Tennessee 3	William Crutchfield	Republican	1872	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y George G. Dibrell (Democratic) 65.71% ▌D. M. Nelson (Republican) 31.60% ▌William B. Stokes (Independent) 2.70%[17]
Tennessee 4	None (new district)			New district. Democratic gain.	▌Y John W. Head (Democratic) 100%[18][k]
Tennessee 5	John M. Bright Redistricted from the 4th district.	Democratic	1870	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John M. Bright (Democratic) 72.48% ▌William H. Wisener (Republican) 27.16% ▌J. D. Putnam (Independent) 0.36%[19]
Tennessee 6	Horace Harrison Redistricted from the 5th district.	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y John F. House (Democratic) 62.40% ▌Horace Harrison (Republican) 37.60%[20]
Tennessee 7	Washington C. Whitthorne Redistricted from the 7th district.	Democratic	1870	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Washington C. Whitthorne (Democratic) 78.13% ▌Theodore H. Gibbs (Republican) 14.32% ▌G. W. Blackburn (Independent Republican) 7.55%[21]
Tennessee 8	John D. C. Atkins Redistricted from the 7th district.	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John D. C. Atkins (Democratic) 66.36% ▌T. C. Muse (Republican) 33.64%[22]
Tennessee 9	David A. Nunn Redistricted from the 8th district.	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌ Y William P. Caldwell (Democratic) 72.05% ▌David A. Nunn (Republican) 27.95%[23]
Tennessee 10	Barbour Lewis Redistricted from the 9th district.	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌ Y H. Casey Young (Democratic) 60.38% ▌Barbour Lewis (Republican) 39.62%[24]

Texas

See also: List of United States representatives from Texas

Utah Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[25]
Vermont 1	Charles W. Willard	Republican	1868	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican hold.	▌Y Charles H. Joyce (Republican) 69.4% ▌Homer W. Heaton (Democratic) 18.7% ▌Charles W. Willard (Republican) 11.8%
Vermont 2	Luke P. Poland	Republican	1866	Incumbent lost re-election. Independent Republican gain.	First ballot ▌Dudley C. Denison (Ind. Republican) 44.7% ▌Luke P. Poland (Republican) 36.6% ▌Charles Davenport (Democratic) 12.5% ▌John B. Mead (Ind. Republican) 4.2% Second ballot ▌Y Dudley C. Denison (Ind. Republican) 58.7% ▌Luke P. Poland (Republican) 29.9% ▌Alexander McLane (Democratic) 11.3%
Vermont 3	George Hendee	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George Hendee (Republican) 71.3% ▌John Edwards (Democratic) 28.7%

Virginia

See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[26]
Virginia 1	James Beverley Sener	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Beverly B. Douglas (Democratic) 50.7% ▌James Beverley Sener (Republican) 49.3%
Virginia 2	James H. Platt Jr.	Republican	1869	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y John Goode (Democratic) 49.4% ▌James H. Platt Jr. (Republican) 48.9% ▌Robert Norton (Republican) 1.6%
Virginia 3	Charles H. Porter	Republican	1869	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Gilbert C. Walker (Democratic) 55.3% ▌Rush Bargess (Republican) 44.5% ▌R. A. Paul (Unknown) 0.2%
Virginia 4	William H. H. Stowell	Republican	1870	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William H. H. Stowell (Republican) 63.9% ▌William Hodges Mann (Democratic) 35.9% ▌C. H. Porter (Independent) 0.2%
Virginia 5	Christopher Thomas	Republican	1872 (contest)	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y George Cabell (Democratic) 57.1% ▌Christopher Thomas (Republican) 42.9%
Virginia 6	Thomas Whitehead	Democratic	1872	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y J. Randolph Tucker (Democratic) 65.2% ▌J. Foote Johnson (Republican) 34.8%
Virginia 7	John T. Harris	Democratic	1870	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John T. Harris (Democratic) 73.6% ▌John F. Lewis (Republican) 25.5% ▌John F. Early (Unknown) 0.5% ▌Charles T. O'Ferrall (Independent) 0.4%
Virginia 8	Eppa Hunton	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Eppa Hunton (Democratic) 51.4% ▌James Barbour (Republican) 48.6%
Virginia 9	Rees Bowen	Democratic	1872	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y William Terry (Democratic) 48.4% ▌Fayette McMullen (Independent) 40.6% ▌George W. Henderlite (Republican) 10.9%

Washington Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

See also: List of United States representatives from West Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
West Virginia 1	John J. Davis	Independent Democratic	1870	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Benjamin Wilson (Democratic) 50.33% ▌Nathan Goff Jr. (Republican) 49.67%[27]
West Virginia 2	John Hagans	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent. Democratic gain.	▌Y Charles J. Faulkner (Democratic) 57.51% ▌Alexander Boteler (Republican) 40.32% ▌John Hagans (Independent) 2.17%[28]
West Virginia 3	Frank Hereford	Democratic	1870	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Frank Hereford (Democratic) 63.59% ▌John Witcher (Republican) 36.41%[29]

Wisconsin

Main article: 1874 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin

See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Wisconsin 1	Charles G. Williams	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles G. Williams (Republican) 56.9% ▌Nicholas D. Fratt (Democratic) 43.1%
Wisconsin 2	Gerry Whiting Hazelton	Republican	1870	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Lucien B. Caswell (Republican) 50.5% ▌Amasa G. Cook (Democratic) 49.5%
Wisconsin 3	J. Allen Barber	Republican	1870	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Henry S. Magoon (Republican) 52.7% ▌Charles F. Thompson (Democratic) 47.3%
Wisconsin 4	Alexander Mitchell	Democratic	1870	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y William Pitt Lynde (Democratic) 55.8% ▌Harrison Ludington (Republican) 44.2%
Wisconsin 5	Charles A. Eldredge	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	▌Y Samuel D. Burchard (Democratic) 61.5% ▌Hiram Barber (Republican) 38.5%
Wisconsin 6	Philetus Sawyer	Republican	1864	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Alanson M. Kimball (Republican) 50.2% ▌Gabriel Bouck (Democratic) 49.8%
Wisconsin 7	Jeremiah M. Rusk	Republican	1870	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Jeremiah M. Rusk (Republican) 57.4% ▌David C. Fulton (Democratic) 42.6%
Wisconsin 8	Alexander S. McDill	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y George W. Cate (Democratic) 50.0% ▌Alexander S. McDill (Republican) 50.0%

Wyoming Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Non-voting delegates

See also: Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives

District	Incumbent			This race
	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large
Dakota Territory at-large	Moses K. Armstrong	Democratic	1870	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Jefferson P. Kidder (Republican) 67.74% ▌Moses K. Armstrong (Democratic) 32.26%[30]
Colorado Territory at-large	Jerome B. Chaffee	Republican	1870	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Thomas M. Patterson (Democratic) 56.3% ▌Henry P. H. Bromwell (Republican) 44.7%[31]
Idaho Territory at-large	John Hailey	Democratic	1872	Incumbent retired. Independent gain. Result successfully contested. Democratic hold.	▌Y Stephen S. Fenn (Democratic) 51.02% ▌Thomas W. Bennett (Independent) 48.98%[32]
Montana Territory at-large	Martin Maginnis	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Martin Maginnis (Democratic) 55.57% ▌Cornelius Hedges (Republican) 44.43%[33]
New Mexico Territory at-large
Utah Territory at-large
Washington Territory at-large
Wyoming Territory at-large	William R. Steele	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William R. Steele (Democratic) 56.53% ▌Joseph M. Carey (Republican) 43.47%[34]

See also

• 1874 United States elections
  • 1874–75 United States Senate elections
• 43rd United States Congress
• 44th United States Congress

Notes

1. The majority of states held their elections on this date. 13 other states held regular elections on different dates between June 1, 1874, and September 7, 1875.
2. Includes late elections.
3. Included 1 Independent Democrat.
4. Includes 3 Independent Republicans.
5. Includes 1 Independent Democrat, William H. Felton, elected to Georgia's 7th congressional district.
6. There were 4 Independents, 3 Independent Republicans, and 1 Independent Democrat.
7. Elections held late.
8. Elections held early.
9. Includes 1 Independent Republican.
10. Thomas M. Gunter lost election in 1872 to William W. Wilshire, contested the election and was seated June 1874.
11. Died before term began.

References

1. Martis, pp. 128–129.
2. Barreyre, Nicolas (2011). "The Politics of Economic Crises: The Panic of 1873, the End of Reconstruction, and the realignment of American Politics". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. 10 (4): 403–423. doi:10.1017/S1537781411000260.
3. Campbell, James E. (Fall 2006). "Party Systems and Realignments in the United States, 1868-2004". Social Science History. 30 (3): 359–386. doi:10.1017/S014555320001350X. S2CID 15075840.
4. Rhodes, James Ford (1920). History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850: 1872-1877. The Macmillan company. p. 67.
5. Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721.
6. Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1046. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
7. "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
8. "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
9. "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
10. "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
11. "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
12. "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
13. "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
14. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Oct 13, 1874". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
15. "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
16. "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
17. "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
18. "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
19. "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
20. "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
21. "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
22. "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
23. "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
24. "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
25. "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
26. "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
27. "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
28. "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
29. "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
30. "DK Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
31. "Our Campaigns - CO Territorial Delegate - Final Election Race - Nov 03, 1874". www.ourcampaigns.com.
32. "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
33. "MT Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
34. "WY Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 11, 2021.

Bibliography

• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)