1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 1, 1868, and August 2, 1869. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before or after the first session of the 41st United States Congress convened on March 4, 1869. They coincided with the 1868 United States presidential election, which was won by Ulysses S. Grant. Elections were held for all 243 seats, representing 37 states. All of the former Confederate states were represented in Congress for the first time since they seceded from the Union.

1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1866 & 1867 June 1, 1868 – August 2, 1869[a][b] 1870 & 1871 →
All 243[c] seats in the United States House of Representatives 122 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader James Blaine Michael Kerr Party Republican Democratic Leader's seat Maine 3rd Indiana 3rd Last election 175 seats 47 seats Seats won 171 67 Seat change 4 20 Popular vote 3,050,307 2,598,042 Percentage 51.81% 44.13% Swing 3.55% 3.44%   Third party Fourth party   Party Conservative Independent Last election 2 seats 2 seats Seats won 5 0 Seat change 3 2 Popular vote 187,553 58,332 Percentage 3.19% 0.99% Swing 1.19% 0.77%
Map of U.S. House elections results from 1868 elections for 41st Congress
Speaker before election Theodore M. Pomeroy Republican Elected Speaker James Blaine Republican

The Democrats gained 20 seats, but Grant's Republican Party retained a commanding majority in the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War, holding onto a firm legitimacy through an association with victory. As more Southern states exited Reconstruction, more Democratic seats appeared in the South. However, Democratic gains in the South were limited, as the Republican powerbrokers of Reconstruction held a great deal of influence. The small Conservative Party of Virginia also picked up several seats in Virginia, as it had support among wealthy Southern leaders who wanted to increase the region's power.

Election summary

Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia were readmitted during this Congress, leaving Congress without vacant State delegations for the first time since 1860. Georgia had been partially readmitted in the previous Congress, but was not initially admitted to the 41st Congress. With Georgia's final readmission in 1870, all former Confederate states were once more represented in Congress.

↓

67	5	171
Democratic	[d]	Republican

State	Type	Total seats	Democratic		Conservative		Republican
			Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama[e]	District	6	2	2	0		4	2
Arkansas	District	3	1	1	0		2	1
California	District	3	2		0		1
Connecticut[e]	District	4	1	2	0		3	2
Delaware	At-large	1	1		0		0
Florida[f]	At-large	1	0		0		1
Georgia[g]	District	7[h]	4	2	0		3	1
Illinois	District + 1 at-large	14	4	1	0		10	1
Indiana[f]	District	11	4	1	0		7	1
Iowa[f]	District	6	0		0		6
Kansas	At-large	1	0		0		1
Kentucky	District	9[h]	9	2	0		0	1
Louisiana	District	5	0	1	0		5	1
Maine[f]	District	5	0		0		5
Maryland	District	5	5	2	0	1	0	1
Massachusetts	District	10	0		0		10
Michigan	District	6	0		0		6
Minnesota	District	2	1	1	0		1	1
Mississippi[g]	District	5	0		0		5	5
Missouri	District	9	2	1	0		7	1
Nebraska[f]	At-large	1	0		0		1
Nevada	At-large	1	0		0		1
New Hampshire[e]	District	3	0		0		3
New Jersey	District	5	3	1	0		2	1
New York	District	31	12	2	0		19	2
North Carolina	District	7	1	1	0	1	6
Ohio[f]	District	19	6	3	0		13	3
Oregon[f]	At-large	1	1	1	0		0	1
Pennsylvania[f]	District	24	6		0		18
Rhode Island	District	2	0		0		2
South Carolina	District	4	0		0		4
Tennessee	District	8	0		0		8
Texas[g]	District	4	1	1	0		3	3
Vermont[f]	District	3	0		0		3
Virginia[g]	District	8	0		5	5	3	3
West Virginia[f]	District	3	0		0		3
Wisconsin	District	6	1		0		5
Total[c]		243	67 27.6%	22	5 2.1%	3	171 70.4%	6

Results shaded according to winning candidate's share of vote

Popular vote Republican   51.81% Democratic   44.13% Conservative   3.19% Independent   0.99% Others   0.00%

House seats Republican   70.08% Democratic   27.46% Conservative   2.46%

Election dates

Mississippi held rejected elections on July 1, 1868. New (accepted) elections were held December 1, 1869.

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing presidential electors. This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their congressional elections to that date. 1868 was the first year in which the majority of States (20 of 37) held their elections on that date. There were still 9 states which held elections before that date and 4 that held regular elections after that date, in addition to 4 readmitted states that held elections after that date.

• Early dates (1868):
  • June 1: Oregon
  • September 1: Vermont
  • September 14: Maine
  • October 13: Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska, Ohio, Pennsylvania
  • October 22: West Virginia
• ▌Late dates (regular elections):
  • December 29, 1868: Florida
  • March 9, 1869: New Hampshire
  • April 5, 1869: Connecticut
  • August 2, 1869: Alabama
• Readmitted states:
  • July 6, 1869: Virginia
  • December 1, 1869: Mississippi (also held elections to the 42nd Congress on the same day)
  • December 3, 1868: Texas
  • December 20–22, 1870: Georgia

Special elections

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

There were special elections in 1868 and 1869 to the 40th United States Congress and 41st United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

40th Congress

Readmission of state are treated here as regular (late) elections, not special elections.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Ohio 8	Cornelius S. Hamilton	Republican	1866	Incumbent died December 22, 1867. New member elected January 27, 1868. Republican hold. Winner was later re-elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y John Beatty (Republican) 52.02% ▌Barnabus Burns (Democratic) 48.17%[1]
Pennsylvania 9	Thaddeus Stevens	Republican	1848	Incumbent died August 11, 1868. New member elected October 13, 1868. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Oliver J. Dickey (Republican) 63.32% ▌Robert Crane (Democratic) 36.68%[2]
Pennsylvania 20	Darwin A. Finney	Republican	1866	Incumbent died August 25, 1868. New member elected October 13, 1868. Republican hold. Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.	▌Y S. Newton Pettis (Republican) 52.21% ▌James B. Knox (Democratic) 47.79%[3]
Missouri 5	Joseph W. McClurg	Republican	1862	Incumbent resigned in July 1868. New member elected November 3, 1868. Republican hold. Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.	▌Y John H. Stover (Republican) 59.48% ▌Ignatius Hazel (Democratic) 40.52%[4]
Arkansas 2	James M. Hinds	Republican	1868	Incumbent died October 22, 1868. New member elected on an unknown date. Republican hold. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y James T. Elliott (Republican) [data missing]

41st Congress

Readmission of state are treated here as regular (late) elections, not special elections.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 7	George S. Boutwell	Republican	1862	Incumbent resigned March 12, 1869, after being appointed Secretary of the Treasury. New member elected November 2, 1869. Republican hold.	▌Y George M. Brooks (Republican) 67.28% ▌Leverett Saltonstall (Democratic) 32.72%[5]
Illinois 3	Elihu B. Washburne	Republican	1852	Incumbent resigned March 6, 1869, to become U.S. Secretary of State. New member elected December 6, 1869. Republican hold.	▌Y Horatio C. Burchard (Republican) 76.06% ▌John Vigers Eustace (Democratic) 22.56% Scattered 1.38%[6]

Alabama

See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama and 1868 United States Senate elections in Alabama

1868 elections to finish the term

1869 elections to the next term

Arkansas

See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas and 1868 United States Senate elections in Arkansas

District	Incumbent			This race
	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[7]
Arkansas 1	None			State readmitted. Republican gain.	▌Y Logan H. Roots (Republican) 50.6% ▌Charles S. Cameron (Democratic) 49.4%
Arkansas 2	None			State readmitted. Democratic gain.	▌Y Anthony A. C. Rogers (Democratic) 55.0% ▌James T. Elliott (Republican) 45.0%
Arkansas 3	None			State readmitted. Republican gain.	▌Y Thomas Boles (Republican) 62.9% ▌L. B. Nash (Democratic) 37.1%

California

California elections

← 1867 November 3, 1868 1871 →
All 3 seats
Majority party Minority party   Party Democratic Republican Last election 2 1 Seats won 2 1 Seat change Popular vote 54,548 53,873 Percentage 50.3% 49.7%
Democratic hold   Republican hold

Main article: 1868 United States House of Representatives elections in California

See also: List of United States representatives from California and 1868 United States Senate election in California

California's delegation remained at two Democrats and one Republican.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California 1	Samuel Beach Axtell	Democratic	1867	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel Beach Axtell (Democratic) 54.1% ▌Frank M. Pixley (Republican) 45.9%
California 2	William Higby	Republican	1863	Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	▌Y Aaron A. Sargent (Republican) 54.7% ▌James W. Coffroth (Democratic) 45.3%
California 3	James A. Johnson	Democratic	1867	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James A. Johnson (Democratic) 50.4% ▌Chancellor Hartson (Republican) 49.6%

Colorado Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Dakota Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[8]
Connecticut 1	Richard D. Hubbard	Democratic	1867	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Julius L. Strong (Republican) 51.6% ▌James Dixon (Democratic) 48.4%
Connecticut 2	Julius Hotchkiss	Democratic	1867	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Stephen Kellogg (Republican) 50.8% ▌James F. Babcock (Democratic) 49.2%
Connecticut 3	Henry H. Starkweather	Republican	1867	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry H. Starkweather (Republican) 57.5% ▌Abiel Converse (Democratic) 42.5%
Connecticut 4	William Barnum	Democratic	1867	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Barnum (Democratic) 52.3% ▌Sidney B. Beardsley (Republican) 47.7%

Delaware

See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware, 1869 United States Senate election in Delaware, and 1869 United States Senate special election in Delaware

Florida

United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 1868^[9]

← 1865 May 5, 1868 and December 29, 1868 1870 →
Florida's single seat in the U.S. House of Representatives
Majority party Minority party Third party   Party Republican Democratic Independent Seats won 1 0 0 Popular vote 14,108 7,915 2,276 Percentage 58.1% 32.6% 9.4%

Main article: 1868 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida

See also: List of United States representatives from Florida and 1868 United States Senate elections in Florida

Florida had been unrepresented in Congress since January 21, 1861, when its sole member and both senators withdrew from Congress following the secession of Florida from the Union. Following the end of the Civil War, an election had been held in 1865, but it was rejected by Congress. In 1868, Congress readmitted Florida following Reconstruction.

Election to the current term

The first election, for the duration of the 40th congress, was held May 5, 1868.^[10]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Florida at-large	None			State readmitted. New member elected May 5, 1868 to finish the term and seated July 1, 1868. Republican gain.[11] Winner was later re-elected to the next term.	▌Y Charles M. Hamilton (Republican) 58.1% ▌John Friend (Democratic) 32.6% ▌Liberty Billings (Independent) 9.4%

Hamilton was seated on July 1, 1868,^[11] during the 2nd session of the 40th Congress.

Election to the next term

Florida elected its one at-large member on December 29, 1868, re-electing Hamilton, who had just been elected in May to finish the current term.^[12]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Florida at-large	Charles M. Hamilton	Republican	1868[i]	Re-elected	▌Y Charles M. Hamilton (Republican) 56.4% ▌W. D. Barnes (Democratic) 38.5% ▌William U. Saunders (Independent) 5.1%

Georgia

See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia

Idaho Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

See also: 1869 Illinois's 3rd congressional district special election and List of United States representatives from Illinois

Indiana

See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana and 1868 United States Senate election in Indiana

Iowa

See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa

Kansas

See also: List of United States representatives from Kansas

Kentucky

See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky and 1868 United States Senate special election in Kentucky

Louisiana

See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana and 1868 United States Senate elections in Louisiana

Maine

See also: List of United States representatives from Maine and 1869 United States Senate election in Maine

Maryland

See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland and 1868 United States Senate special election in Maryland

Massachusetts

See also: 1869 Massachusetts's 7th congressional district special election, List of United States representatives from Massachusetts, and 1869 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1	Thomas D. Eliot	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y James Buffinton (Republican) 78.82% ▌Philander Cobb (Democratic) 21.18%
Massachusetts 2	Oakes Ames	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Oakes Ames (Republican) 71.80% ▌Edward Avery (Democratic) 28.20%
Massachusetts 3	Ginery Twichell	Republican	1866	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ginery Twichell (Republican) 56.83% ▌Edwin C. Bailey (Democratic) 43.17%
Massachusetts 4	Samuel Hooper	Republican	1861 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel Hooper (Republican) 56.87% ▌Peter Harry (Democratic) 43.13%
Massachusetts 5	Benjamin Butler	Republican	1866	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Benjamin Butler (Republican) 65.61% ▌Otis Lord (Democratic) 25.33% ▌Richard Henry Dana Jr. (Ind. Republican) 9.06%
Massachusetts 6	Nathaniel P. Banks	Republican	1865 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Nathaniel P. Banks (Republican) 65.97% ▌Frederick O. Prince (Democratic) 34.03%
Massachusetts 7	George S. Boutwell	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George S. Boutwell (Republican) 65.38% ▌Leverett Saltonstall (Democratic) 34.62%
Massachusetts 8	George F. Hoar	Republican	1862	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y George F. Hoar (Republican) 74.20% ▌Henry H. Stevens (Democratic) 25.80%
Massachusetts 9	William B. Washburn	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William B. Washburn (Republican) 82.89% ▌Levi Haywood (Democratic) 17.11%
Massachusetts 10	Henry L. Dawes	Republican	1856	Incumbent re-elected.[13]	▌Y Henry L. Dawes (Republican) 62.08% ▌Abijah W. Chapin (Democratic) 37.92%[13]

Michigan

See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan and 1869 United States Senate election in Michigan

Minnesota

See also: List of United States representatives from Minnesota and 1869 United States Senate election in Minnesota

Mississippi

See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi

1868 rejected elections

Mississippi elected its members July 1, 1868, but that election was later rejected by the House.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Mississippi 1	None, seat not admitted			New member elected, but election rejected by the House.	▌Y Charles Townsend (Democratic) 65.45% ▌Jefferson L. Wofford (Republican) 34.55%[14]
Mississippi 2	None, seat not admitted			New member elected, but election rejected by the House.	▌Y T. N. Martin (Democratic) 65.47% ▌Jehiel Railsback (Republican) 34.53%[15]
Mississippi 3	None, seat not admitted			New member elected, but election rejected by the House.	▌Y G. P. Turner (Democratic) 53.43% ▌Charles A. Sullivan (Republican) 46.57%[16]
Mississippi 4	None, seat not admitted			New member elected, but election rejected by the House.	▌Y George McKee (Republican) 56.86% ▌George L. Potter (Democratic) 43.14%[17]
Mississippi 5	None, seat not admitted			New member elected, but election rejected by the House.	▌Y William T. Martin (Democratic) 51.63% ▌Legrand W. Perce (Republican) 48.37%[18]

1869 accepted elections

Mississippi then held new elections December 1, 1869 both: to finish the term in the 40th Congress and to the next term (starting in 1871) in the 41st Congress. Both elections had the same vote totals and were accepted by the House. The new members were seated in 1870.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Mississippi 1	None, seat not admitted			New member elected to finish the term and to the next term. Republican gain.	▌Y George E. Harris (Republican) 59.96% ▌Jefferson L. Wofford (Democratic) 37.52% ▌R. B. Avery (Independent) 2.52%[19][20]
Mississippi 2	None, seat not admitted			New member elected to finish the term and to the next term. Republican gain.	▌Y Joseph L. Morphis (Republican) 59.05% ▌William Kellogg (Democratic) 31.51% ▌J. H. Tatum (Independent) 9.44%[21][22]
Mississippi 3	None, seat not admitted			New member elected to finish the term and to the next term. Republican gain.	▌Y Henry W. Barry (Republican) 62.22% ▌Schuyler B. Steers (Democratic) 29.07% ▌J. D. Leflore (Independent) 8.71%[23][24]
Mississippi 4	None, seat not admitted			New member elected to finish the term and to the next term. Republican gain.	▌Y George McKee (Republican) 71.57% ▌Archie C. Fisk (Democratic) 27.97% Scattering <1.0%[25][26]
Mississippi 5	None, seat not admitted			New member elected to finish the term and to the next term. Republican gain.	▌Y Legrand W. Perce (Republican) 66.62% ▌Leroy S. Bronn (Democratic) 33.38%[27][28]

Missouri

See also: 1868 Missouri's 5th congressional district special election, List of United States representatives from Missouri, and 1868 United States Senate election in Missouri

Montana Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nebraska

See also: List of United States representatives from Nebraska and 1869 United States Senate election in Nebraska

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Nebraska at-large	John Taffe	Republican	1866	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Taffe (Republican) 58.00% ▌Andrew Jackson Poppleton (Democratic) 42.00%[29]

Nevada

See also: List of United States representatives from Nevada and 1869 United States Senate election in Nevada

New Hampshire

See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

New Jersey

See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey and 1869 United States Senate election in New Jersey

New Mexico Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New York

See also: List of United States representatives from New York and 1869 United States Senate election in New York

North Carolina

See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina and 1868 United States Senate elections in North Carolina

Ohio

See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio, 1868 Ohio's 8th congressional district special election, and 1868 United States Senate election in Ohio

District	Incumbent			This race
	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[30]
Ohio 1	Benjamin Eggleston	Republican	1864	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Peter W. Strader (Democratic) 50.5% ▌Benjamin Eggleston (Republican) 49.5%
Ohio 2	Samuel F. Cary	Ind-Republican	1867 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican hold.	▌Y Job E. Stevenson (Republican) 51.1% ▌Samuel F. Cary (Democratic) 48.9%
Ohio 3	Robert C. Schenck	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Robert C. Schenck (Republican) 50.7% ▌Clement Vallandigham (Democratic) 49.3%
Ohio 4	William Lawrence	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Lawrence (Republican) 51.2% ▌John S. Leedom (Democratic) 48.8%
Ohio 5	William Mungen	Democratic	1866	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Mungen (Democratic) 59.3% ▌Thomas E. Grissell (Republican) 40.7%
Ohio 6	Reader W. Clarke	Republican	1864	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y John Armstrong Smith (Republican) 51.6% ▌Nelson Barrere (Democratic) 48.4%
Ohio 7	Samuel Shellabarger	Republican	1864	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y James J. Winans (Republican) 50.2% ▌John H. Thomas (Democratic) 49.8%
Ohio 8	John Beatty	Republican	1868 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Beatty (Republican) 52.0% ▌John H. Benson (Democratic) 48.0%
Ohio 9	Ralph P. Buckland	Republican	1864	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Edward F. Dickinson (Democratic) 52.7% ▌William Harvey Gibson (Republican) 47.3%
Ohio 10	James M. Ashley	Republican	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Truman H. Hoag (Democratic) 51.5% ▌James M. Ashley (Republican) 48.5%
Ohio 11	John Thomas Wilson	Republican	1866	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Thomas Wilson (Republican) 54.2% ▌John Sands (Democratic) 45.8%
Ohio 12	Philadelph Van Trump	Democratic	1866	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Philadelph Van Trump (Democratic) 58.9% ▌Nelson J. Turney (Republican) 41.1%
Ohio 13	Columbus Delano	Republican	1866[j]	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y George W. Morgan (Democratic) 53.0% ▌Charles Cooper (Republican) 47.0%
Ohio 14	Martin Welker	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Martin Welker (Republican) 50.9% ▌Lyman R. Critchfield (Democratic) 49.1%
Ohio 15	Tobias A. Plants	Republican	1864	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Eliakim H. Moore (Republican) 51.8% ▌Martin Dewey Follett (Democratic) 48.2%
Ohio 16	John Bingham	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Bingham (Republican) 50.8% ▌Josiah M. Estep (Democratic) 49.2%
Ohio 17	Ephraim R. Eckley	Republican	1862	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Jacob A. Ambler (Republican) 56.4% ▌Daniel T. Lawson (Democratic) 43.6%
Ohio 18	Rufus P. Spalding	Republican	1862	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y William H. Upson (Republican) 60.5% ▌Franklin T. Backus (Democratic) 39.5%
Ohio 19	James A. Garfield	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James A. Garfield (Republican) 67.4% ▌James McEwen (Democratic) 32.6%

Oregon

See also: List of United States representatives from Oregon

Pennsylvania

See also: 1868 Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district special election, 1868 Pennsylvania's 20th congressional district special election, List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania, and 1869 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island and 1868 United States Senate election in Rhode Island

South Carolina

See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina and 1868 United States Senate elections in South Carolina

Tennessee

See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1	Roderick R. Butler	Republican	1867	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Roderick R. Butler (Republican) 98.50% Scattering 1.50%[31]
Tennessee 2	Horace Maynard	Republican	1865	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Horace Maynard (Republican) 79.51% ▌Leonidas C. Houk (Democratic) 20.49%[32]
Tennessee 3	William B. Stokes	Republican	1865	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William B. Stokes (Republican) 74.38% ▌Abraham E. Garrett (Democratic) 25.62%[33]
Tennessee 4	James Mullins	Republican	1867	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Lewis Tillman (Republican) 53.02% ▌C. A. Sheafe (Democratic) 46.98%[34]
Tennessee 5	John Trimble	Republican	1867	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y William F. Prosser (Republican) 56.05% ▌Joseph Motley (Democratic) 25.64% ▌Samuel C. Mercer (Independent) 17.55% ▌G. M. Garrett (Unknown) 0.77%[35]
Tennessee 6	Samuel M. Arnell	Republican	1865	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel M. Arnell (Republican) 69.81% ▌John J. Buck (Ind. Republican) 29.06% ▌Dorsey B. Thomas (Democratic) 1.13%[36]
Tennessee 7	Isaac R. Hawkins	Republican	1865	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Isaac R. Hawkins (Republican) 71.32% ▌George R. Foote (Democratic) 28.68%[37]
Tennessee 8	David A. Nunn	Republican	1867	Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent Republican. Republican hold.	▌Y William J. Smith (Republican) 45.27% ▌John W. Leftwich (Democratic) 34.26% ▌David A. Nunn (Ind. Republican) 20.47%[38]

Texas

See also: List of United States representatives from Texas

Utah Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont and 1868 United States Senate election in Vermont

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[39]
Vermont 1	Frederick E. Woodbridge	Republican	1863	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Charles W. Willard (Republican) 75.9% ▌John Cain (Democratic) 23.9%
Vermont 2	Luke P. Poland	Republican	1866	Incumbent re-elected	▌Y Luke P. Poland (Republican) 73.7% ▌Charles M. Chase (Democratic) 26.1%
Vermont 3	Worthington C. Smith	Republican	1866	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Worthington C. Smith (Republican) 72.1% ▌Waldo Brigham (Democratic) 27.8%

Virginia

See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[40]
Virginia 1	None			State readmitted. Republican gain.	▌Y Richard S. Ayer (Republican) 29.7% ▌Joseph Segar (Conservative) 27.3% ▌Daniel M. Norton (Republican) 24.2% ▌George W. Lewis (Unknown) 18.7%
Virginia 2	None			State readmitted. Republican gain.	▌Y James H. Platt Jr. (Republican) 75.2% ▌D. J. Godwin (Unknown) 24.8%
Virginia 3	None			State readmitted. Republican gain.	▌Y Charles H. Porter (Republican) 77.2% ▌James W. Hunnicutt (Republican) 19.0% ▌John E. Mulford (Unknown) 3.8%
Virginia 4	None			State readmitted. Conservative gain.	▌Y George Booker (Conservative) 100%
Virginia 5	None			State readmitted. Conservative gain.	▌Y Robert Ridgway (Conservative) 100%
Virginia 6	None			State readmitted. Conservative gain.	▌Y William Milnes Jr. (Conservative) 100%
Virginia 7	None			State readmitted. Conservative gain.	▌Y Lewis McKenzie (Conservative) 100%
Virginia 8	None			State readmitted. Conservative gain.	▌Y James K. Gibson (Conservative) 100%

Washington Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

See also: List of United States representatives from West Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
West Virginia 1	Chester D. Hubbard	Republican	1864	Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	▌Y Isaac H. Duval (Republican) 51.88% ▌H. S. Walker (Democratic) 48.12%[41]
West Virginia 2	Bethuel Kitchen	Republican	1866	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y James McGrew (Republican) 58.40% ▌William G. Brown Sr. (Democratic) 41.61%[42]
West Virginia 3	Daniel Polsley	Republican	1866	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y John Witcher (Republican) 56.39% ▌Charles P. Moore (Democratic) 43.61%[43]

Wisconsin

See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 3, 1868.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[44]
Wisconsin 1	Halbert E. Paine	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Halbert E. Paine (Republican) 50.6% ▌Alexander Mitchell (Democratic) 49.4%
Wisconsin 2	Benjamin F. Hopkins	Republican	1866	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Benjamin F. Hopkins (Republican) 59.2% ▌John Winans (Democratic) 40.8%
Wisconsin 3	Amasa Cobb	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Amasa Cobb (Republican) 61.6% ▌John H. Passmore (Democratic) 38.4%
Wisconsin 4	Charles A. Eldredge	Democratic	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles A. Eldredge (Democratic) 57.3% ▌Leander F. Frisby (Republican) 42.7%
Wisconsin 5	Philetus Sawyer	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Philetus Sawyer (Republican) 55.8% ▌Joseph Vilas (Democratic) 44.2%
Wisconsin 6	Cadwallader C. Washburn	Republican	1866	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Cadwallader C. Washburn (Republican) 64.8% ▌Albert Gallatin Ellis (Democratic) 35.2%

Non-voting delegates

Colorado Territory

See also: List of United States representatives from Colorado

District	Incumbent			This race
	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Colorado Territory at-large	George M. Chilcott	Independent Republican	1866	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost renomination. Republican gain.	▌Y Allen A. Bradford (Republican) [data missing][45]

Montana Territory

The election date is speculative.^[46]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Montana Territory at-large	James M. Cavanaugh	Democratic	1868	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James M. Cavanaugh (Democratic) 59.95% ▌James Tufts (Republican) 40.05%[46]

Idaho Territory

District	Incumbent			This race
	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Idaho Territory at-large	Edward D. Holbrook	Democratic	1864	Incumbent retired. New delegate elected August 10, 1868. Democratic hold.	▌Y Jacob K. Shafer (Democratic) 57.63% ▌T. J. Butler (Republican) 41.19% ▌J. J. May (Independent) 1.17%[47]

Wyoming Territory

On July 25, 1868, an act of Congress gave Wyoming Territory the authority to elect a congressional delegate, although the first delegate did not take his seat until 1869.^[48]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Wyoming Territory At-large	None, new district.			Territory organized in previous congress. New delegate elected December 6, 1869. Democratic gain.	▌Y Stephen F. Nuckolls (Democratic) 62.69% ▌William W. Corlett (Republican) 37.32%[49]

See also

• 1868 United States elections
  • 1868 United States presidential election
  • 1868–69 United States Senate elections
• 40th United States Congress
• 41st United States Congress

Notes

1. Excludes states readmitted after the start of Congress.
2. The majority of States held elections on November 3, 1868 (i.e. "Election Day") for the first time.
3. Including late elections.
4. Conservatives won 5 seats.
5. Elections held late.
6. Elections held early.
7. Readmitted state.
8. Previous election had one vacancy.
9. Late election to 40th Congress.
10. Columbus Delano lost election in 1866 to George W. Morgan, contested the election and was seated June 1868.

References

1. "Our Campaigns - OH District 08 - Special Election Race - Jan 27, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
2. "Our Campaigns - PA District 9 - Special Election Race - Oct 13, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
3. "Our Campaigns - PA District 20 - Special Election Race - Oct 13, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
4. "Our Campaigns - MO District 5 - Special Election Race - Nov 03, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
5. "Our Campaigns - MA District 7 - Special Election Race - Nov 02, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
6. "Our Campaigns - IL District 3-Special Race - Dec 06, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
7. Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1042. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
8. "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
9. May results shown here, see article for December election results
10. "Our Campaigns - FL At Large Race - May 05, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
11. "40th Congress membership roster" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 9, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
12. "Our Campaigns - FL At Large Race - Dec 29, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
13. Ben. Perley Poore (1869). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory for the First Session of the Forty-First Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081796686.
14. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 01 Race - Jun 30, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
15. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 02 Race - Jun 30, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
16. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 03 Race - Jun 30, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
17. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 04 Race - Jun 30, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
18. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 05 Race - Jun 30, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
19. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 01 - Special Election Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
20. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 01 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
21. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 02 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
22. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 02 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
23. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 03 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
24. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 03 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
25. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 04 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
26. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 04 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
27. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 05 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
28. "Our Campaigns - MS - District 05 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
29. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Oct 13, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
30. Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 258, 259.
31. "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
32. "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
33. "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
34. "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
35. "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
36. "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
37. "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
38. "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
39. "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
40. "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
41. "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
42. "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
43. "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
44. "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
45. "Our Campaigns - CO Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 03, 1868".
46. "Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 02, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
47. "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
48. "House History". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
49. "Our Campaigns - WY Territorial Delegate - Initial Election Race - Sep 02, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.

Bibliography

• Ben. Perley Poore (1869). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory for the First Session of the Forty-First Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081796686.
• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)