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House elections for the 33rd U.S. Congress From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 2, 1852, and November 8, 1853. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 33rd United States Congress convened on December 5, 1853. The size of the House increased to 234 seats following the congressional reapportionment based on the 1850 United States census.
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All 234 seats in the United States House of Representatives 118 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Democrats increased their House majority while electing national compromise candidate Franklin Pierce, a Northerner favorable to Southern interests, to the Presidency. Effects of the Compromise of 1850 temporarily had reduced sectional tensions, and both major parties, Democrats and Whigs, unified around the 1852 presidential campaign, with Whig unity more tenuous. Two small parties, the Constitutional Unionists and States' Rights parties, collapsed before this election, while the Free Soil Party, opposing slavery in the Western territories, retained four seats. One Independent, Caleb Lyon, was elected from New York.
Following the 1850 census, the House was reapportioned. In the initial apportionment bill, the number of seats was unchanged at 233,[1] but later one seat was added to California's delegation, increasing the total apportionment to 234, due to returns from California being determined to be incomplete.[2]
158 | 4 | 1 | 71 |
Democratic | FS | I | Whig |
State | Type | Date | Total seats | Democratic | Free Soil | Whig | Others | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Iowa | Districts | August 2, 1852 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
Missouri | Districts | August 2, 1852 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | ||
Vermont | Districts | September 7, 1852 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | |||
Maine | Districts | September 13, 1852 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ||
Florida | At-large | October 5, 1852 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
Indiana | Districts | October 12, 1852 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Ohio | Districts | October 12, 1852 | 21 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 0 | ||
Pennsylvania | Districts | October 12, 1852 | 25 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 0 | |||
California | At-large | November 2, 1852 (Election Day)[lower-alpha 5] |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Illinois | Districts | 9 | 2 | 5[lower-alpha 6] | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | |||
Michigan | Districts | 4 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||
New Jersey | Districts | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
New York | Districts | 33 | 1 | 21 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 1[lower-alpha 7] | 1 | |
Wisconsin | Districts | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Delaware | At-large | November 8, 1852 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Massachusetts | Districts | November 8, 1852 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 0 | ||
South Carolina | Districts | February 28 – March 1, 1853 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Late elections (after the March 4, 1853 beginning of the term) | ||||||||||||
New Hampshire | Districts | March 8, 1853 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||
Connecticut | Districts | April 4, 1853 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
Rhode Island | Districts | April 6, 1853 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
Virginia | Districts | May 26, 1853 | 13 | 2 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||
Arkansas | Districts | August 1, 1853 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Kentucky | Districts | August 1, 1853 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |||||
Texas | Districts | August 1, 1853 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
North Carolina | Districts | August 4, 1853 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||
Tennessee | Districts | August 4, 1853 | 10 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | ||
Alabama | Districts | August 8, 1853 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1[lower-alpha 8] | ||
Georgia | Districts | October 3, 1853 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 8[lower-alpha 9] | ||
Louisiana | Districts | November 1, 1853 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
Maryland | Districts | November 2, 1853 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |||
Mississippi | District + 1 at-large | November 7–8, 1853 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4[lower-alpha 10] | ||
Total | 234 | 1 | 158[lower-alpha 6] 67.5% |
28 | 4 1.7% |
71 30.3% |
15 | 1 0.4% |
12 |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas 1 | Robert W. Johnson Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic | 1846 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.[3] |
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Arkansas 2 | New seat. Democratic gain. |
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Note: From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858; in 1860 when California gained a seat in the House the top three vote-getters were elected.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Edward C. Marshall | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Joseph W. McCorkle | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[5] | |
Connecticut 1 | Charles Chapman | Whig | 1851 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Connecticut 2 | Colin M. Ingersoll | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Connecticut 3 | Chauncey F. Cleveland | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Connecticut 4 | Origen S. Seymour | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida at-large | Edward C. Cabell | Whig | 1846 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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The elections were held November 8, 1852. However, many of the districts went to a December 13, 1852 second ballot.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Zeno Scudder Redistricted from the 10th district |
Whig | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected on the second ballot. | First ballot (November 8, 1852)
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Massachusetts 2 | |||||
Massachusetts 3 | |||||
Massachusetts 4 | |||||
Massachusetts 5 | |||||
Massachusetts 6 | |||||
Massachusetts 7 | |||||
Massachusetts 8 | |||||
Massachusetts 9 | |||||
Massachusetts 10 | |||||
Massachusetts 11 |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | Ebenezer J. Penniman | Whig | 1850 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Michigan 2 | Charles E. Stuart | Democratic | 1847 (special) 1848 (lost) 1850 |
Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Democratic hold. |
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Michigan 3 | James L. Conger | Whig | 1850 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Michigan 4 | None (New seat) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
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Elections held late, from November 7 to 8, 1853
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi at-large | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
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Mississippi 1 | Benjamin D. Nabers | Unionist | 1851 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig. Democratic gain. |
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Mississippi 2 | John A. Wilcox | Unionist | 1851 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig. Democratic gain. |
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Mississippi 3 | John D. Freeman | Unionist | 1851 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Mississippi 4 | Albert G. Brown | Southern Rights | 1847 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
▌ Wiley P. Harris (Democratic) 100%[16] |
Elections held late, on August 4, 1853.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Andrew Johnson | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor. Democratic loss. |
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Albert G. Watkins Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Whig | 1849 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ||
Tennessee 2 | William M. Churchwell Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 3 | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
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Tennessee 4 | John H. Savage | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
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William Cullom Redistricted from the 8th district |
Whig | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Tennessee 5 | None (new district) | New seat. Whig gain. |
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Tennessee 6 | William H. Polk | Independent Democratic |
1851 | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic loss. |
▌ George W. Jones (Democratic) 100%[22] |
George W. Jones Redistricted from the 5th district |
Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Tennessee 7 | Meredith P. Gentry | Whig | 1845 | Incumbent retired. Whig hold. |
|
Tennessee 8 | None (new district) | New seat. Whig gain. |
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Tennessee 9 | Isham G. Harris | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
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Christopher H. Williams Redistricted from the 11th district |
Whig | 1849 | Incumbent lost re-election. Whig hold. | ||
Tennessee 10 | Frederick P. Stanton | Democratic | 1845 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[27] | |
Vermont 1 | James Meacham Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Whig | 1849 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ahiman Louis Miner | Whig | 1850 | Incumbent retired. Whig loss. | ||
Vermont 2 | William Hebard | Whig | 1848 | Incumbent retired. Whig hold. |
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Vermont 3 | None (new district) | New seat. Whig gain. |
First ballot
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Vermont 4 | Thomas Bartlett Jr. | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent retired. District eliminated. Democratic loss. |
None |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[28] | |
Virginia 1 | Thomas H. Bayly Redistricted from the 7th district |
Democratic | 1844 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 2 | John Millson Redistricted from the 1st district |
Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia 3 | Thomas H. Averett | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic loss. |
|
John Caskie Redistricted from the 6th district |
Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Virginia 4 | Richard Kidder Meade Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Democratic | 1847 (special) | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Virginia 5 | Thomas S. Bocock Redistricted from the 4th district |
Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia 6 | Paulus Powell Redistricted from the 5th district |
Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Virginia 7 | James F. Strother Redistricted from the 9th district |
Whig | 1851 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic gain. |
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Virginia 8 | Alexander Holladay | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
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Charles J. Faulkner Redistricted from the 10th district |
Whig | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat. Democratic gain. | ||
Virginia 9 | John Letcher Redistricted from the 11th district |
Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 10 | None (new district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
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Virginia 11 | None (new district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
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Virginia 12 | Henry A. Edmundson | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia 13 | Fayette McMullen | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia 14 | James M. H. Beale | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbents retired. Districts eliminated. Democratic loss. |
None |
Virginia 15 | Sherrard Clemens | Democratic | 1852 (special) | None |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[29] | |
Wisconsin 1 | Charles Durkee | Free Soil | 1848 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Wisconsin 2 | Ben C. Eastman | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 3 | James Duane Doty | Independent Democratic |
1848 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Minnesota Territory | Henry Hastings Sibley | Democratic | 1848 (Wis. Territory: special) 1849 (Wis. Territory: eliminated) 1849 (Minn. Territory) |
Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Democratic hold. |
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New Mexico Territory | Richard H. Weightman | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected in 1853. Democratic hold. |
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Oregon Territory | Joseph Lane | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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