1848–49 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1848–49 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 1848 and November 1849. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 31st United States Congress convened on December 3, 1849. The new state of Wisconsin elected its first representatives, and California also held its first congressional elections before officially achieving statehood in 1850, increasing the size of the House to 233 seats.

1848–49 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1846 & 1847 August 7, 1848 – November 6, 1849[a] 1850 & 1851 →
All 233[b] seats in the United States House of Representatives 117 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party   Leader Howell Cobb Robert C. Winthrop Party Democratic Whig Leader's seat Georgia 6th Massachusetts 1st Last election 110 seats 116 seats Seats won 113[b] 106 Seat change 3 10 Popular vote 1,212,632 1,231,320 Percentage 44.16% 44.84% Swing 4.27% 0.32%   Third party Fourth party   Party Free Soil Know Nothing Last election New Party 1 seats Seats won 9 1 Seat change 9 Popular vote 237,714 10,539 Percentage 8.66% 0.38% Swing 5.57%[c] 0.83%   Fifth party   Party Independent Last election 3 seats[d] Seats won 3[e] Seat change Popular vote 48,223 Percentage 1.76% Swing 0.98%
Speaker before election Robert C. Winthrop Whig Elected Speaker Howell Cobb Democratic

These elections spanned the 1848 United States presidential election and took place amid the U.S. victory over Mexico in the (1846–48) Mexican–American War. The Whigs lost their House majority as Democrats, whose support had driven the war, gained a House plurality. Among minor parties, the Free Soil Party won nine Northern seats, while the American or "Know Nothing" Party retained one.

Following the discovery of gold in January 1848, California boomed, creating immediate pressure for statehood. The Compromise of 1850, though largely crafted in the Senate, was also passed by the House, brokering its admission to the Union. Anticipating statehood, California elected two members at-large on November 13, 1849, to be seated September 11, 1850.

As neither major party held a majority when Congress convened on December 3, 1849 ⁠— the Democrats finished three seats short, while the Whigs had lost 12 seats and the majority ⁠— the election of a Speaker proved contentious.

The Whigs were sectionally split, with Northern Whigs nominating incumbent speaker Robert C. Winthrop of Massachusetts and Southern Whigs supporting Meredith P. Gentry of Tennessee. Democrats primarily supported Howell Cobb of Georgia; 13 other Democratic hopefuls also garnered support. The small Free Soil Party, opposing expansion of slavery into the Western territories, supported David Wilmot of Pennsylvania, author of the Wilmot Proviso, calling attention to slave power's hold over both major parties.

After nearly three weeks of heated debate, the House suspended its majority rule for the Speaker election: Cobb was elected on the 63rd ballot by plurality.^[1]

Election summaries

Wisconsin was apportioned an additional seat in 1848,^[2] and two more seats were added for the new state of California.^[3]

↓

113	11	108
Democratic	[f]	Whig

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic		Free Soil		Whig		Other
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Arkansas	At-large	August 7, 1848	1	1		0		0		0
Illinois	District	August 7, 1848	7	6		0		1		0
Iowa	District	August 7, 1848	2	2		0		0		0
Missouri	District	August 7, 1848	5	5		0		0		0
Vermont	District	September 5, 1848	4	1		0		3		0
Maine	District	September 11, 1848	7	5	1	0		2	1	0
Florida	At-large	October 2, 1848	1	0		0		1		0
Georgia	District	October 2, 1848	8	4		0		4		0
South Carolina	District	October 9–10, 1848	7	7		0		0		0
Ohio	District	October 10, 1848	21	11	1	2	2	8	3	0
Pennsylvania	District	October 10, 1848	24	9	2	1	1	13	3	1[g]
Delaware	At-large	November 6, 1848	1	0		0		1		0
Michigan	District	November 7, 1848 (Election Day)[h]	3	2	1	0		1	1	0
New Jersey	District		5	1		0		4		0
New York	District		34	1	10	1	1	32	9	0
Wisconsin	District		3[i]	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
Massachusetts	District	November 13, 1848	10[j]	0		1	1	8	2	0
Late elections, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term
New Hampshire	District	March 13, 1849	4	2		1	1	1		0	1[k]
Connecticut	District	April 2, 1849	4	2	2	1	1	1	3	0
Rhode Island	District	April 4, 1849	2	0	1	0		2	1	0
Virginia	District	April 26, 1849	15	13	4	0		2	4	0
Tennessee	District	August 2, 1849	11	7	1	0		4	1	0
Alabama	District	August 6, 1849	7	5		0		2		0
Indiana	District	August 6, 1849	10	8	2	1	1	1	3	0
Kentucky	District	August 6, 1849	10	4		0		6		0
Texas	District	August 6, 1849	2	2		0		0		0
North Carolina	District	August 7, 1849	9	3		0		6		0
Maryland	District	October 3, 1849	6	3	1	0		3	1	0
Louisiana	District	November 5, 1849	4	3		0		1		0
Mississippi	District	November 5–6, 1849	4	4	1	0		0	1	0
California	At-large	November 11, 1849[l]	2	1	1	0		0		1[m]	1
Total[b]			233	113 48.7%	1	9 3.9%	9	108 46.6%	8	2 0.9%

Popular vote Democratic   44.16% Free Soil   8.66% Independent   1.76% Know Nothing   0.38% Others   0.20% Whig   44.84%

House seats Democratic   49.78% Free Soil   3.46% Independent   1.30% Know Nothing   0.43% Whig   45.02%

Special elections

30th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member / Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Pennsylvania 6	John W. Hornbeck	Whig	1846	Incumbent died January 16, 1848. New member elected March 6, 1848. Democratic gain. Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.	▌Y Samuel Augustus Bridges (Democratic) [data missing]
Massachusetts 8	John Quincy Adams	Whig	1830	Incumbent died February 23, 1848. New member elected April 3, 1848. Whig hold. Winner later re-elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Horace Mann (Whig) 60.07% ▌Edgar K. Whitaker (Democratic) 26.91% ▌Appleton Howe (Liberty) 13.02%[4]
South Carolina 1	James A. Black	Democratic	1843	Incumbent died April 3, 1848. New member elected October 10, 1848. Democratic hold. Winner later re-elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Daniel Wallace (Democratic) 39.59% ▌H. F. Thompson (Unknown) 35.77% ▌W. F. Davie (Unknown) 24.64%[5]
New York 27	John M. Holley	Whig	1846	Incumbent died March 8, 1848. New member elected November 7, 1848. Whig hold. Winner later re-elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Esbon Blackmar (Whig) 45.62% ▌James C. Smith (Free Soil) 40.89% ▌Cullen Foster (Democratic) 13.49%[6]
South Carolina 4	Alexander D. Sims	Democratic	1844	Incumbent died November 22, 1848. New member elected January 9, 1849. Democratic hold. Winner later elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y John McQueen (Democratic) 62.67% ▌Robert Munroe (Unknown) 37.33%[7]
Wisconsin Territory at-large				New delegate elected October 30, 1848.

31st Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 4	Alexander D. Sims	Democratic	1844	Incumbent had been re-elected, see below, but died November 22, 1848. New member elected January 16, 1849. Democratic hold. Winner had already been elected to finish the current term; see above.	▌Y John McQueen (Democratic) 62.54% ▌Robert Munroe (Unknown) 46%[8]
Ohio 6	Rodolphus Dickinson	Democratic		Incumbent died March 20, 1849. New member elected in 1849.
Vermont 3	George P. Marsh	Whig	1843	Incumbent resigned when appointed U.S. Minister to the Ottoman Empire. Whig hold.	▌Y James Meacham (Whig) 54.5% ▌Asahel Peck (Free Soil) 38.7% ▌Giles Harrington (Democratic) 6.8%[9]
Virginia 15	Alexander Newman	Democratic	1849	Incumbent died September 8, 1949. Whig gain.	▌Y Thomas Haymond (Whig) 50.5% ▌George W. Thompson (Democratic) 49.5%[10]

Alabama

See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama

Elections were held August 6, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Alabama 1
Alabama 2
Alabama 3
Alabama 4
Alabama 5
Alabama 6
Alabama 7

Arkansas

See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas

The election was held August 7, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arkansas at-large	Thomas W. Newton	Whig	1847 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Robert W. Johnson (Democratic) 60.8% ▌Thomas W. Newton (Whig) 39.2%[11]

California

See also: List of United States representatives from California

In California two at-large members were elected November 13, 1849 in anticipation of statehood and seated September 11, 1850.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California at-large 2 seats elected on a general ticket	None (new state)			New seat. Independent gain.	▌Y George W. Wright (Independent) 22.0% ▌Y Edward Gilbert (Democratic) 20.6% ▌Rodman M. Price (Democratic) 16.3% ▌P. A. Morse (Unknown) 8.3% ▌Lewis Dent (Unknown) 8.2% ▌E. J. C. Kewen (Unknown) 7.3% ▌W. M. Sheppard (Unknown) 7.2% ▌William E. Shannon (Unknown) 5.4% Others ▌Peter Halsted (Unknown) 2.4% ▌L. W. Hastings (Unknown) 0.9% ▌Pierson B. Reading (Whig) 0.7% ▌W. H. Russell (Unknown) 0.4% ▌J. S. Thompson (Unknown) 0.3% ▌Kimball H. Dimmick (Unknown) 0.2%
	None (new state)			New seat. Democratic gain.

Connecticut

See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut

Elections were held April 2, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[12]
Connecticut 1	James Dixon	Whig	1845	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Loren P. Waldo (Democratic) 50.3% ▌Charles Chapman (Whig) 49.5%
Connecticut 2	Samuel D. Hubbard	Whig	1845	Incumbent lost re-election. Free Soil gain.	▌Y Walter Booth (Free Soil) 50.0% ▌James F. Babcock (Whig) 49.0% ▌Samuel D. Hubbard (Unknown) 0.9%
Connecticut 3	John A. Rockwell	Whig	1845	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Chauncey F. Cleveland (Democratic) 50.5% ▌John A. Rockwell (Whig) 49.3% ▌Increase Wilson (Free Soil) 0.2%
Connecticut 4	Truman Smith	Whig	1845	Incumbent retired. Whig hold.	▌Y Thomas B. Butler (Whig) 51.4% ▌Nathaniel H. Wildman (Democratic) 44.4% ▌Barstow F. White (Free Soil) 4.1%

Delaware

See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware

The election was held November 6, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Delaware at-large

Florida

Main article: 1848 United States House of Representatives election in Florida

See also: List of United States representatives from Florida

Florida's single at-large member was elected October 2, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Florida at-large	Edward C. Cabell	Whig	1846	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Edward C. Cabell (Whig) 53.5% ▌William Pope Duval (Democratic) 46.5%

Georgia

See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia

Elections were held October 2, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Georgia 1
Georgia 2
Georgia 3
Georgia 4
Georgia 5
Georgia 6
Georgia 7
Georgia 8

Illinois

See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois

Elections were held August 7, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Illinois 1
Illinois 2
Illinois 3
Illinois 4
Illinois 5
Illinois 6
Illinois 7

Indiana

See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana

Elections were held August 10, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Indiana 1
Indiana 2
Indiana 3
Indiana 4
Indiana 5
Indiana 6
Indiana 7
Indiana 8
Indiana 9
Indiana 10

Iowa

See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa

Elections were held August 7, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Iowa 1
Iowa 2

Kentucky

See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky

Elections were held August 6, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kentucky 1
Kentucky 2
Kentucky 3
Kentucky 4
Kentucky 5
Kentucky 6
Kentucky 7
Kentucky 8
Kentucky 9
Kentucky 10

Louisiana

See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana

Elections were held November 5, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Louisiana 1
Louisiana 2
Louisiana 3
Louisiana 4

Maine

See also: List of United States representatives from Maine

Elections were held September 11, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maine 1
Maine 2
Maine 3
Maine 4
Maine 5
Maine 6
Maine 7

Maryland

See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland

Elections were held October 3, 1849 elections were after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the new term, but still before the Congress convened in December 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maryland 1
Maryland 2
Maryland 3
Maryland 4
Maryland 5
Maryland 6

Massachusetts

See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts

Elections were held November 13, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1
Massachusetts 2
Massachusetts 3
Massachusetts 4	John G. Palfrey	Whig	1846	Incumbent lost re-election as Free Soil candidate. No member elected due to failure to achieve majority vote. Whig loss.	▌John G. Palfrey (Free Soil) ▌Frederick Robinson (Democratic) ▌Benjamin Thompson (Whig)[13]
Massachusetts 5
Massachusetts 6
Massachusetts 7	Julius Rockwell	Whig	1844 (late)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Julius Rockwell (Whig) 51.40% ▌Thomas F. Plunkett (Democratic) 28.22% ▌Charles Sedgwick (Free Soil) 20.38%[14]
Massachusetts 8
Massachusetts 9
Massachusetts 10

Michigan

See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan

Elections were held November 7, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Michigan 1	Robert McClelland	Democratic	1843	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Alexander W. Buel (Democratic) 46.7% ▌George C. Bates (Whig) 40.8% ▌Caleb N. Ormsby (Free Soil) 12.4%[15]
Michigan 2	Charles E. Stuart	Democratic	1847 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Whig gain.	▌Y William Sprague (Whig) 53.3% ▌Charles E. Stuart (Democratic) 46.7%[16]
Michigan 3	Kinsley S. Bingham	Democratic	1846	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Kinsley S. Bingham (Democratic) 51.0% ▌George H. Hazelton (Whig) 38.7% ▌John M. Lamb (Free Soil) 10.3%[17]

Minnesota Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Mississippi

See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi

Elections were held November 5–6, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Mississippi 1	Jacob Thompson	Democratic	1839	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Jacob Thompson (Democratic) 57.25% ▌Alexander B. Bradford (Whig) 42.75%[18]
Mississippi 2	Winfield S. Featherston	Democratic	1847	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Winfield S. Featherston (Democratic) 53.98% ▌William L. Harris (Whig) 46.48%[19]
Mississippi 3	Patrick W. Tompkins	Whig	1847	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y William McWillie (Democratic) 52.03% ▌Henry Gray (Whig) 47.97%[20]
Mississippi 4	Albert G. Brown	Democratic	1847	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Albert G. Brown (Democratic) 67.63% ▌William Winans (Whig) 32.37%[21]

Missouri

See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri

Elections were held August 7, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Missouri 1
Missouri 2
Missouri 3
Missouri 4
Missouri 5

New Hampshire

See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

Elections were held March 13, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Hampshire 1
New Hampshire 2
New Hampshire 3
New Hampshire 4

New Jersey

See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey

Elections were held November 7, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Jersey 1
New Jersey 2
New Jersey 3
New Jersey 4
New Jersey 5

New York

See also: List of United States representatives from New York

Elections were held November 7, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New York 1
New York 2
New York 3
New York 4
New York 5
New York 6
New York 7
New York 8
New York 9
New York 10
New York 11
New York 12
New York 13
New York 14
New York 15
New York 16
New York 17
New York 18
New York 19
New York 20
New York 21
New York 22
New York 23
New York 24
New York 25
New York 26
New York 27
New York 28
New York 29
New York 30
New York 31
New York 32
New York 33
New York 34

North Carolina

See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina

Elections were held August 7, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
North Carolina 1
North Carolina 2
North Carolina 3
North Carolina 4
North Carolina 5
North Carolina 6
North Carolina 7
North Carolina 8
North Carolina 9

Ohio

See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio

Elections were held October 10, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Ohio 1
Ohio 2
Ohio 3
Ohio 4
Ohio 5
Ohio 6
Ohio 7
Ohio 8
Ohio 9
Ohio 10
Ohio 11
Ohio 12
Ohio 13
Ohio 14
Ohio 15
Ohio 16
Ohio 17
Ohio 18
Ohio 19
Ohio 20
Ohio 21

Oregon Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Pennsylvania

See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania

Elections were held October 10, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Pennsylvania 1
Pennsylvania 2
Pennsylvania 3
Pennsylvania 4
Pennsylvania 5
Pennsylvania 6
Pennsylvania 7
Pennsylvania 8
Pennsylvania 9
Pennsylvania 10
Pennsylvania 11
Pennsylvania 12
Pennsylvania 13
Pennsylvania 14
Pennsylvania 15
Pennsylvania 16
Pennsylvania 17
Pennsylvania 18
Pennsylvania 19
Pennsylvania 20
Pennsylvania 21
Pennsylvania 22
Pennsylvania 23
Pennsylvania 24

Rhode Island

See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

Elections were held April 4, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Rhode Island 1
Rhode Island 2

South Carolina

See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina and 1842 United States Senate special election in South Carolina

Elections were held October 9–10, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 1
South Carolina 2
South Carolina 3
South Carolina 4	Alexander D. Sims	Democratic	1844	Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent then died November 22, 1848, leading to two special elections.	▌Y Alexander D. Sims (Conservative Democratic) 50.52% ▌John McQueen (Cass Democratic) 49.48%[22]
South Carolina 5
South Carolina 6
South Carolina 7

Tennessee

See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee

Tennessee Results, shaded according to winning candidates share of vote

Elections were held August 2, 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1	Andrew Johnson	Democratic	1842	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Andrew Johnson (Democratic) 52.43% ▌Nathaniel G. Taylor (Whig) 43.72% ▌Brookins Campbell (Democratic) 3.85%[23]
Tennessee 2	William M. Cocke	Whig	1845	Incumbent lost re-election as a Democrat. Whig hold.	▌Y Albert G. Watkins (Whig) 58.90% ▌William M. Cocke (Democratic) 41.10%[24]
Tennessee 3	John H. Crozier	Whig	1845	Incumbent retired. Whig hold.	▌Y Josiah M. Anderson (Whig) 54.71% ▌Thomas C. Lyon (Democratic) 45.29%[25]
Tennessee 4	Hugh L.W. Hill	Democratic	1847	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y John H. Savage (Democratic) 48.44% ▌Samuel Turney (Unknown) 38.82% ▌John B. Rogers (Whig) 12.74%[26]
Tennessee 5	George W. Jones	Democratic	1842	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George W. Jones (Democratic) 100%[27]
Tennessee 6	James H. Thomas	Democratic	1847	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James H. Thomas (Democratic) 56.09% ▌Franklin Buchanan (Whig) 43.91%[28]
Tennessee 7	Meredith P. Gentry	Whig	1845	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Meredith P. Gentry (Whig) 95.29% ▌[FNU] Bailey (Unknown) 4.71%[29]
Tennessee 8	Washington Barrow	Whig	1847	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Andrew Ewing (Democratic) 50.40% ▌William Calhoun (Whig) 49.60%[30]
Tennessee 9	Lucien B. Chase	Democratic	1845	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Isham G. Harris (Democratic) 55.81% ▌James T. Morris (Whig) 44.19%[31]
Tennessee 10	Frederick P. Stanton	Democratic	1845	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Frederick P. Stanton (Democratic) 51.87% ▌John W. Harris (Whig) 48.13%[32]
Tennessee 11	William T. Haskell	Whig	1847	Incumbent retired. Whig hold.	▌Y Christopher H. Williams (Whig) 100%[33]

Texas

See also: List of United States representatives from Texas

Elections were held August 6, 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Texas 1
Texas 2

Vermont

See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont

Elections were held September 5, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[9]
Vermont 1	William Henry	Whig	1846	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Henry (Whig) 53.9% ▌Daniel Roberts Jr. (Free Soil) 31.9% ▌Jonathan D. Bradley (Democratic) 9.6%
Vermont 2	Jacob Collamer	Whig	1843	Incumbent retired. Whig hold.	First ballot ▌William Hebard (Whig) 44.4% ▌Sumner A. Webber (Free Soil) 28.9% ▌Edmund Weston (Democratic) 17.0% Second ballot ▌Y William Hebard (Whig) 50.3% ▌Sumner A. Webber (Free Soil) 46.9% ▌Edmund Weston (Democratic) 2.7%
Vermont 3	George P. Marsh	Whig	1843	Incumbent re-elected.	First ballot ▌George P. Marsh (Whig) 48.5% ▌Asahel Peck (Free Soil) 35.1% ▌Stephen S. Keyes (Democratic) 16.2% Second ballot ▌Y George P. Marsh (Whig) 53.9% ▌Asahel Peck (Free Soil) 36.0% ▌Stephen S. Keyes (Democratic) 10.0%
Vermont 4	Lucius B. Peck	Democratic	1846	Incumbent re-elected.	First ballot ▌Lucius B. Peck (Democratic) 42.5% ▌John L. Buck (Whig) 35.5% ▌A. Judson Rowell (Liberty) 21.9% Second ballot ▌Y Lucius B. Peck (Democratic) 43.2% ▌George B. Chandler (Whig) 35.9% ▌A. Judson Rowell (Liberty) 20.9%

Virginia

See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia

Elections were held April 26, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[34]
Virginia 1	Archibald Atkinson	Democratic	1843	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y John Millson (Democratic) 51.7% ▌Samuel Watts (Whig) 48.3%
Virginia 2	Richard Kidder Meade	Democratic	1847 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Richard Kidder Meade (Democratic) 88.7% ▌[FNU] Shell (Unknown) 5.7% ▌S. J. Weisigner (Whig) 5.7%
Virginia 3	Thomas Flournoy	Whig	1847	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Thomas H. Averett (Democratic) 50.7% ▌Thomas Flournoy (Whig) 49.3%
Virginia 4	Thomas S. Bocock	Democratic	1847	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas S. Bocock (Democratic) 53.0% ▌Henry P. Irving (Whig) 47.0%
Virginia 5	William L. Goggin	Whig	1839 1843 (lost contest) 1844 (special) 1845 (retired) 1847	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Paulus Powell (Democratic) 50.9% ▌William L. Goggin (Whig) 49.1%
Virginia 6	John Botts	Whig	1839 1843 (lost) 1847	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y James Seddon (Democratic) 53.6% ▌John Botts (Whig) 46.4%
Virginia 7	Thomas H. Bayly	Democratic	1844 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas H. Bayly (Democratic) 64.7% ▌Francis Mallory (Whig) 35.3%
Virginia 8	Richard L. T. Beale	Democratic	1847	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Alexander Holladay (Democratic) 51.0% ▌[FNU] Forbes (Whig) 49.0%
Virginia 9	John Pendleton	Whig	1845	Incumbent lost re-election. Independent Whig gain.	▌Y Jeremiah Morton (Ind. Whig) 54.1% ▌John Pendleton (Whig) 45.9%
Virginia 10	Henry Bedinger	Democratic	1845	Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	▌Y Richard Parker (Democratic) 55.2% ▌Charles J. Faulkner (Whig) 44.8%
Virginia 11	James McDowell	Democratic	1846 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James McDowell (Democratic) 100%
Virginia 12	William B. Preston	Whig	1847	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Henry A. Edmundson (Democratic) 55.2% ▌[FNU] Anderson (Whig) 44.8%
Virginia 13	Andrew S. Fulton	Whig	1847	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Fayette McMullen (Democratic) 67.2% ▌John B. George (Whig) 32.8%
Virginia 14	Robert A. Thompson	Democratic	1847	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y James M. H. Beale (Democratic) 51.3% ▌William McComas (Whig) 48.7%
Virginia 15	William G. Brown Sr.	Democratic	1845	Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	▌Y Alexander Newman (Democratic) ▌Charles Wells Russell (Whig)

Wisconsin

Main article: 1848 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin

See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin

Wisconsin members were first elected in advance of its June 1848 statehood. It elected two members to finish the current term in the 30th Congress, and then it gained an elected an additional member for elections to the 31st Congress.

30th Congress

Wisconsin's two members were elected May 8, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[35]
Wisconsin 1	None (new state)			New seat. Democratic gain.	▌Y William Pitt Lynde (Democratic) 54.9% ▌Edward V. Whiton (Whig) 41.2% ▌Ichabod Cotting (Liberty) 3.9%
Wisconsin 2	None (new state)			New seat. Democratic gain.	▌Y Mason C. Darling (Democratic) 58.4% ▌Alexander L. Collins (Whig) 41.2%

31st Congress

Wisconsin's three members were elected November 7, 1848.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[35]
Wisconsin 1	William Pitt Lynde	Democratic	1848	Incumbent lost re-election. Free Soil gain.	▌Y Charles Durkee (Free Soil) 38.5% ▌William Pitt Lynde (Democratic) 33.9% ▌Asahel Finch Jr. (Whig) 27.6%
Wisconsin 2	Mason C. Darling	Democratic	1848	Incumbent retired. Whig gain.	▌Y Orsamus Cole (Whig) 45.2% ▌A. Hyatt Smith (Democratic) 41.0% ▌George W. Crabb (Free Soil) 13.8%
Wisconsin 3	None (new district)			New seat. Democratic gain.	▌Y James Duane Doty (Democratic) 50.3% ▌Timothy O. Howe (Whig) 29.2% ▌Stoddard Judd (Free Soil) 20.4%

Non-voting delegates

See also: Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives

Going into these elections, there were no incumbent delegates, because the only territory — Wisconsin Territory — became a state in 1848. Two new territories — Minnesota Territory and Oregon Territory — were granted delegates in 1849.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Minnesota Territory	New district			New seat. New delegate elected July 7, 1849. Democratic gain.	▌Y Henry Hastings Sibley (Democratic) [data missing]
Oregon Territory	New district			New seat. New delegate elected in 1849. Democratic gain.	▌Y Samuel Thurston (Democratic) [data missing]

See also

• 1848 United States elections
  • List of United States House of Representatives elections (1824–1854)
  • 1848 United States presidential election
  • 1848–49 United States Senate elections
• 30th United States Congress
• 31st United States Congress

Notes

1. Excludes states admitted during the 31st Congress
2. Includes late elections
3. In comparison to its precursor, the Liberty Party, in the last election cycle.
4. Includes two Independent Democrats.
5. Includes one Independent, one Independent Whig, and one Anti-Rent Whig.
6. There were 9 Free Soilers, 1 Know Nothing, and 1 Independent.
7. 1 Know Nothing
8. In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
9. Increase of 1 seat.
10. One vacancy, in Massachusetts's 4th district, for the duration of the 31st Congress (as no candidate received a majority of the vote after multiple elections).
11. Previous election had 1 Independent.
12. Seated September 11, 1850 after admission to the Union.
13. 1 Independent elected.