Voiced retroflex lateral fricative

The voiced retroflex lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound. The 'implicit' IPA letter for this sound, ⟨𝼅⟩,^[1] is overtly supported by the extIPA.^[2] The sound may also be transcribed as a raised approximant, ⟨ɭ˔⟩.

Voiced retroflex lateral fricative
𝼅
ɭ˔
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	𝼅
Unicode (hex)	U+1DF05
X-SAMPA	l`_r
Braille
Image

Features

Features of the voiced retroflex lateral fricative:

• Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
• Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be apical (pointed) or, in some fricatives, laminal (flat).
• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
• It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
• Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Ao[3]	[example needed]

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

Notes

1. Kirk Miller & Michael Ashby, L2/20-252R Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic
2. Ball, Martin J.; Howard, Sara J.; Miller, Kirk (2018). "Revisions to the extIPA chart". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 48 (2): 155–164. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000147. S2CID 151863976.
3. Gurubasave Gowda (1972), p. 33.

References

• Gurubasave Gowda, K.S. (1972), Ao-Naga Phonetic Reader, Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages