The voiced alveolar lateral flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɺ⟩, a fusion of a rotated lowercase letter ⟨r⟩ with a letter ⟨l⟩. Approved in 1928, the symbol represented a sound intermediate between [d] and [l][1][2] or between [r] and [l][3][4] until 1979 when its value was redefined as an alveolar lateral flap.[5]
| Voiced alveolar lateral flap | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɺ | |||
| IPA Number | 181 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɺ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+027A | ||
| X-SAMPA | l\ | ||
| Braille |   | ||
| |||
Some languages that are described as having a lateral flap actually have a flap that is indeterminate with respect to centrality, and may surface as either central or lateral, either in free variation or allophonically depending on surrounding vowels and consonants.[6]
Features
Features of the voiced alveolar lateral flap:
- Its manner of articulation is tap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
Dental
Alveolar
| Family | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arawakan | Curipaco[8] | [ɺi.wa.'dzo.ɺe] | 'ember' | In alternation with an alveolar tap.[8] | |
| Iwaidjan | Ilgar | [example needed] | Likely an underlying sequence of /ɺj/. Contrasts /l, ɺ, ɭ, ɭ̆/. | ||
| Iawaidjan | Iwaidja | ayanjildin[9] | [ajanɟiɺin] | 'sweetheart' | Contrasts /l, ɺ, ɭ, ɭ̆/ and possibly /ʎ, ʎ̆/. |
| Japonic | Japanese[10] | 六 roku | [ɺo̞kɯ̟ᵝ] | 'six' | Allophonically [ɾ]. See Japanese phonology |
| 心 kokoro | [ko̞ko̞ɺo̞] | 'heart' | |||
| Papuan | Kasua[11] | hilila | [hiɺiɺɑ] | 'heavy' | Never used at the beginning nor the end of a word.[11] |
| Arawakan | Wayuu | püülükü | [pɯːɺɯkɯ] | 'pig' | Contrasts with /r/ |
| Isolate | Yalë[12] | Yalë | [jaɺɛ] | 'Yalë' | In free variation with [d]; written as ⟨d⟩ or ⟨l⟩ |
See also
Notes
References
External links
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