Élisabeth Renaud

Élisabeth Renaud (August 8, 1846 – October 15, 1932), was a French teacher, socialist activist, and feminist.

Élisabeth Renaud
Born	August 8, 1846 Seloncourt Doubs, France
Died	October 15, 1932 13th arrondissement of Paris, France
Occupation(s)	teacher, socialist activist, feminist
Known for	co-founder, Groupe Feministe Socialiste

Early life

Catherine Émilie Renaud was born in Seloncourt (Doubs), August 8, 1846.^[1] She came from a Protestant working class background. In 1870, she obtained the brevet de capacité thanks to her employment at the Famille Japy [fr] factory. She then became a governess in an aristocratic family in Saint Petersburg.^[2]

Activism

Renaud took part in the national congress of the French Workers' Party in July 1897.^[1] In L'Humanité nouvelle for March and April 1898, she wrote an article on "La Femme au XXe siècle" based on a lecture she gave on October 28, 18972. She stated, for example, that:— "The feminists worthy of the name work to solve the social question by putting the woman, whom centuries of a depressing education have inferiorized, in a condition to take her place in a new society."

In 1899, Louise Saumoneau and Élisabeth Renaud created the Groupe Feministe Socialiste (GFS)^[3] following the death of Aline Valette.^[1] The GFS manifesto was signed by four women, all from modest backgrounds, who associated their trades with their names: Louise Saumoneau (seamstress), Élisabeth Renaud (teacher), Estelle Mordelet and Florestine Malseigne (tailors).^[4] The GFS manifesto protested the "double oppression of women, exploited on a large scale by capitalism, subject to men by laws and especially by prejudice." GFS experienced some strife in the form of conflict between its two founders, who had had their differences from the beginning. Renaud's goals were conciliatory; she hoped to bridge the gap between socialism and bourgeois feminism. Saumoneau, on the other hand, hated the bourgeois feminists, feeling that they were irrevocably out of touch with the realities of the working class. In 1902, Renaud left the party.^[5]

In September 1899, in the middle of the Dreyfus affair, this group militated in favor of Alfred Dreyfus.^[1]

Personal life

In 1881, she married a printer who died in 1886, leaving her a widow with her two children. Their daughter, Émilie Baduel, became a teacher and married Léo Guesde in April 1908.^[1]

Élisabeth Renaud died in the 13th arrondissement of Paris, October 15, 1932.^[1]

References

1. Raymond, Justinien; Chuzeville, Julien (23 November 2022). "RENAUD Élisabeth". Le Maitron (in French). Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
2. "Élisabeth RENAUD - Dictionnaire créatrices". www.dictionnaire-creatrices.com. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
3. Sowerwine, Charles (28 January 1982). Sisters Or Citizens?: Women and Socialism in France Since 1876. Cambridge University Press. p. xvii. ISBN 978-0-521-23484-9. OCLC 1167137674.
4. Sowerwine, 1982, p. 85.
5. French, Marilyn (1 September 2008). "Part one: The twentieth century-revolution". From Eve to Dawn: A History of Women in the World Volume IV: Revolutions and the Struggles for Justice in the 20th Century. The Feminist Press at CUNY. pp. 41–43. ISBN 978-1-55861-628-8. OCLC 1020503048.