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The section sign (§) is a typographical character for referencing individually numbered sections of a document; it is frequently used when citing sections of a legal code.[1] It is also known as the section symbol, section mark, double-s, or silcrow.[2][3] In other languages it may be called the "paragraph symbol" (for example, German: Paragrafzeichen).
| § | |
|---|---|
Section sign | |
| In Unicode | U+00A7 § SECTION SIGN (§) |
| Related | |
| See also | U+00B6 ¶ PILCROW SIGN |
The section sign is often used when referring to a specific section of a legal code. For example, in Bluebook style, "Title 16 of the United States Code Section 580p" becomes "16 U.S.C. § 580p".[4] The section sign is frequently used along with the pilcrow (or paragraph sign), ¶, to reference a specific paragraph within a section of a document.
While § is usually read in spoken English as the word "section", many other languages use the word "paragraph" exclusively to refer to a section of a document (especially of legal text), and use other words to describe a paragraph in the English sense. Consequently, in those cases "§" may be read as "paragraph", and may occasionally also be described as a "paragraph sign", but this is a description of its usage, not a formal name.[5][6]
When duplicated, as §§, it is read as the plural "sections". For example, "§§ 13–21" would be read as "sections 13 through 21", much as pp. (pages) is the plural of p., meaning page. It may also be used with footnotes when asterisk *, dagger †, and double dagger ‡ have already been used on a given page.
It is common practice to follow the section sign with a non-breaking space so that the symbol is kept with the section number being cited.[1][7]: 212, 233
The section sign is itself sometimes a symbol of the justice system,[a][citation needed] in much the same way as the Rod of Asclepius is used to represent medicine. For example, Austrian courts use the symbol in their logo.
The section sign appeared in several early computer text encodings. It was placed at 0xA7 (167) in ISO-8859-1, a position that was inherited by United as code point U+00A7 § SECTION SIGN.
Two possible origins are often posited for the section sign: most probably, that it is a ligature formed by the combination of two S glyphs (from the Latin signum sectiōnis).[8][2][9][10] Some scholars, however, are skeptical of this explanation.[11]
Others have theorized that it is an adaptation of the Ancient Greek παράγραφος (paragraphos),[9] a catch-all term for a class of punctuation marks used by scribes with diverse shapes and intended uses.[12]
The modern form of the sign, with its modern meaning, has been in use since the 13th century.[8]: 226
In Jaroslav Hašek's The Good Soldier Švejk, the § symbol is used repeatedly to mean "bureaucracy". In his English translation of 1930, Paul Selver translated it as "red tape".
- Scilicet ("it may be known") is sometimes rendered using a § mark instead of "viz."
- The symbol U+2696 ⚖ SCALES is more typical.
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