Isotopes of yttrium

Natural yttrium (₃₉Y) is composed of a single isotope yttrium-89. The most stable radioisotopes are ⁸⁸Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days, and ⁹¹Y, with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except ⁸⁷Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and ⁹⁰Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable ⁸⁹Y is electron capture and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Thirty-five unstable isotopes have been characterized.

Isotopes of yttrium (₃₉Y)

Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 87Y synth 3.4 d ε 87Sr γ – 88Y synth 106.6 d ε 88Sr γ – 89Y 100% stable 90Y synth 2.7 d β− 90Zr γ – 91Y synth 58.5 d β− 91Zr γ –
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Y)
	88.905838±0.000002[1] 88.906±0.001 (abridged)[2]
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⁹⁰Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90, which is a product of nuclear fission.

List of isotopes

Nuclide [n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)[3] [n 2][n 3]	Half-life[4] [n 4]	Decay mode[4] [n 5]	Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7]	Spin and parity[4] [n 8][n 4]	Isotopic abundance
	Excitation energy[n 4]
76Y	39	37	75.95894(32)#	28(9) ms	β+?	76Sr	1−#
					p?	75Sr
					β+, p?	75Rb
77Y	39	38	76.95015(22)#	63(17) ms	β+	77Sr	5/2+#
					p?	76Sr
					β+, p?	76Rb
78Y	39	39	77.94399(32)#	54(5) ms	β+	78Sr	(0+)
					β+, p?	77Rb
78mY[n 9]	0(500)# keV			5.8(6) s	β+	78Sr	(5+)
					β+, p?	77Rb
79Y	39	40	78.937946(86)	14.8(6) s	β+	79Sr	5/2+#
80Y	39	41	79.9343548(67)	30.1(5) s	β+	80Sr	4−
80m1Y	228.5(1) keV			4.8(3) s	IT (81%)	80Y	1−
					β+ (19%)	80Sr
80m2Y	312.6(9) keV			4.7(3) μs	IT	80Y	(2+)
81Y	39	42	80.9294543(58)	70.4(10) s	β+	81Sr	(5/2+)
82Y	39	43	81.9269302(59)	8.30(20) s	β+	82Sr	1+
82m1Y	402.63(14) keV			258(22) ns	IT	82Y	4−
82m2Y	507.50(13) keV			148(6) ns	IT	82Y	6+
83Y	39	44	82.922484(20)	7.08(8) min	β+	83Sr	(9/2+)
83mY	62.04(10) keV			2.85(2) min	β+ (60%)	83Sr	(3/2−)
					IT (40%)	83Y
84Y	39	45	83.9206711(46)	39.5(8) min	β+	84Sr	(6+)
84m1Y	67.0(2) keV			4.6(2) s	β+	84Sr	1+
84m2Y	210.42(16) keV			292(10) ns	IT	84Y	4−
85Y	39	46	84.916433(20)	2.68(5) h	β+	85Sr	(1/2)−
85m1Y	19.68(17) keV			4.86(20) h	β+	85Sr	(9/2)+
					IT?	85Y
85m2Y	266.18(10) keV			178(7) ns	IT	85Y	(5/2)−
86Y	39	47	85.914886(15)	14.74(2) h	β+	86Sr	4−
86m1Y	218.21(9) keV			47.4(4) min	IT (99.31%)	86Y	(8+)
					β+ (0.69%)	86Sr
86m2Y	302.18(9) keV			125.3(55) ns	IT	86Y	6+
87Y	39	48	86.9108761(12)	79.8(3) h	β+	87Sr	1/2−
87mY	380.82(7) keV			13.37(3) h	IT (98.43%)	87Y	9/2+
					β+ (1.57%)	87Sr
88Y	39	49	87.9095013(16)	106.629(24) d	β+	88Sr	4−
88m1Y	392.86(9) keV			301(3) μs	IT	88Y	1+
88m2Y	674.55(4) keV			13.98(17) ms	IT	88Y	8+
89Y[n 10]	39	50	88.90583816(36)	Stable			1/2−	1.0000
89mY	908.97(3) keV			15.663(5) s	IT	89Y	9/2+
90Y[n 10]	39	51	89.90714175(38)	64.05(5) h	β−	90Zr	2−
90mY	682.01(5) keV			3.226(11) h	IT	90Y	7+
					β− (0.0018%)	90Zr
91Y[n 10]	39	52	90.9072980(20)	58.51(6) d	β−	91Zr	1/2−
91mY	555.58(5) keV			49.71(4) min	IT	91Y	9/2+
					β−?	91Zr
92Y	39	53	91.9089458(98)	3.54(1) h	β−	92Zr	2−
92mY	807(50)# keV			3.7(5) μs	IT	92Y	7+#
93Y	39	54	92.909578(11)	10.18(8) h	β−	93Zr	1/2−
93mY	758.719(21) keV			820(40) ms	IT	93Y	9/2+
94Y	39	55	93.9115921(68)	18.7(1) min	β−	94Zr	2−
94mY	1202.3(10) keV			1.304(12) μs	IT	94Y	(5+)
95Y	39	56	94.9128197(73)	10.3(1) min	β−	95Zr	1/2−
95mY	1087.6(6) keV			48.6(5) μs	IT	95Y	9/2+
96Y	39	57	95.9159093(65)	5.34(5) s	β−	96Zr	0−
96m1Y	1540(9) keV			9.6(2) s	β−	96Zr	8+
96m2Y	1655.0(11) keV			181(9) ns	IT	96Y	(6+)
97Y	39	58	96.9182867(72)	3.75(3) s	β− (99.945%)	97Zr	1/2−
					β−, n (0.055%)	96Zr
97m1Y	667.52(23) keV			1.17(3) s	β− (>99.2%)	97Zr	9/2+
					IT (<0.7%)	97Y
					β−, n (0.11%)	96Zr
97m2Y	3522.6(4) keV			142(8) ms	IT (94.8%)	97Y	(27/2−)
					β− (5.2%)	97Zr
98Y	39	59	97.9223948(85)	548(2) ms	β− (99.67%)	98Zr	0−
					β−, n (0.33%)	97Zr
98m1Y	170.78(5) keV			615(8) ns	IT	98Y	2−
98m2Y	465.7(7) keV			2.32(8) s	β− (96.56%)	98Zr	(6,7)+
					β−, n (3.44%)	97Zr
					IT?	98Y
98m3Y	496.10(11) keV			6.90(54) μs	IT	98Y	(4)−
98m4Y	594(10) keV			180(7) ns	IT	98Y	(3−,4−)
98m5Y	972.17(20) keV			450(150) ns	IT	98Y	(8+)
98m6Y	1181.50(18) keV			762(14) ns	IT	98Y	(10−)
99Y	39	60	98.9241608(71)	1.484(7) s	β− (98.23%)	99Zr	5/2+
					β−, n (1.77%)	98Zr
99mY	2141.65(19) keV			8.2(4) μs	IT	99Y	(17/2+)
100Y	39	61	99.927728(12)	940(30) ms	β−	100Zr	4+
					β−, n?	99Zr
100mY	144(16) keV			727(6) ms	β− (98.92%)	100Zr	1+#
					β−, n (1.08%)	99Zr
101Y	39	62	100.9301608(76)	426(20) ms	β− (97.7%)	101Zr	5/2+
					β−, n (2.3%)	100Zr
101mY	1205.0(10) keV			870(90) ns	IT	101Y	13/2−#
102Y	39	63	101.9343285(44)	360(40) ms	β− (>97.4%)	102Zr	(5−)
					β−, n (<2.6%)	101Zr
102mY[n 9]	100(100)# keV			300(100) ms	β− (>97.4%)	102Zr	(0−,1−)
					β−, n (<2.6%)	101Zr
					IT?	102Y
103Y	39	64	102.937244(12)	239(12) ms	β− (92.0%)	103Zr	5/2+#
					β−, n (8.0%)	102Zr
104Y	39	65	103.94194(22)#	197(4) ms	β− (66%)	104Zr	(0+,1+)#
					β−, n (34%)	103Zr
					β−, 2n?	102Zr
105Y	39	66	104.94571(43)#	95(9) ms	β−	105Zr	5/2+#
					β−, n (<82%)	104Zr
					β−, 2n?	103Zr
106Y	39	67	105.95084(54)#	75(6) ms	β−	106Zr	2+#
					β−, n?	105Zr
					β−, 2n?	104Zr
107Y	39	68	106.95494(54)#	33.5(3) ms	β−	107Zr	5/2+#
					β−, n?	106Zr
					β−, 2n?	105Zr
108Y	39	69	107.96052(64)#	30(5) ms	β−	108Zr	6−#
					β−, n?	107Zr
					β−, 2n?	106Zr
109Y	39	70	108.96513(75)#	25(5) ms	β−	109Zr	5/2+#
					β−, n?	108Zr
					β−, 2n?	107Zr
110Y[5]	39	71
111Y[5]	39	72
This table header & footer: view

1. ^mY – Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
5. Modes of decay:

   IT:	Isomeric transition
   n:	Neutron emission
   p:	Proton emission

6. Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
7. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
8. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
9. Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
10. Fission product

References

1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.
2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
3. Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
4. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
5. Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr". Physical Review C. 103 (1): 014614. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl:10261/260248. S2CID 234019083.

• Isotope masses from:
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
  • Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
  • E. V. Marathe (July 1955). "The Half-Life of Yttrium-90". Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (Vol 14B ed.): 354–355.