Wachusett Aqueduct

The Wachusett Aqueduct is a secondary aqueduct that carries water from the Wachusett Reservoir to the John J. Carroll Water Treatment Plant at Walnut Hill in Marlborough, Massachusetts. It is part of the public water supply system for the communities of Greater Boston that are served by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), which manages the aqueduct. The aqueduct serves as a standby backup to the Cosgrove Tunnel.

Wachusett Aqueduct
Wachusett Aqueduct at Northborough spanning over the Assabet River
Coordinates	42°23′57″N 71°41′22″W
Begins	Wachusett Reservoir
Ends	Marlborough, Massachusetts
Official name	Wachusett Aqueduct
Maintained by	MWRA
Characteristics
Total length	9 mi (14.5 km)
Width	12 ft (3.7 m)
Height	11 ft (3.4 m)
Capacity	400 cu ft/s (11.33 m3/s)
History
Construction start	1897
Opened	1905
Wachusett Aqueduct Linear District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Built	1896
Architect	Frederick P. Stearns
MPS	Water Supply System of Metropolitan Boston MPS
NRHP reference No.	89002276[1]
Added to NRHP	January 18, 1990
Location

Physical characteristics

The Wachusett Aqueduct extends from the Wachusett Reservoir in Clinton, through Berlin and Northborough, to the John J. Carroll Water Treatment Plant at Walnut Hill in Marlborough, Massachusetts. This 9-mile (14 km) long water system consists of 2 miles (3 km) of hard rock tunnel and 7 miles (11 km) of 11-foot (3.4 m) high horseshoe-shaped underground aqueduct constructed of non-reinforced concrete with a brick-lined invert. It is not constructed entirely underground and there are several elevated sections. The final portion of the aqueduct, taken out of service in 2005 with the opening of the treatment plant, is an open channel running from near the treatment facility to Sudbury Reservoir.

Modern use

Until the 1960s, the Wachusett Aqueduct was the main conduit used to deliver water from the Wachusett Reservoir. At that time, it carried 300 million US gallons (1,100,000 m³) of water each day (13 m³/s). The Cosgrove Tunnel replaced it in 1965 as the primary water transmission aqueduct. Because of the construction of the Walnut Hill Water Treatment Plant in Marlborough, the Cosgrove Tunnel was shut down in 2003 in order to make the large piping connection between the new treatment plant and the MWRA's new MetroWest Water Supply Tunnel. The MetroWest Tunnel extends east 18.6 miles (29.9 km) from Walnut Hill to Weston. During that shutdown, the Wachusett Aqueduct was the primary method of transmission^[2][3] of about 240 million US gallons (910,000 m³) of water per day.^{[citation needed]} The section of the Wachusett Aqueduct between the Wachusett Reservoir and the treatment plant remains a standby backup transmission path in the event the Cosgrove Tunnel is unavailable, while the open channel between the treatment plant and the Sudbury Reservoir remains an emergency backup transmission path in the event of a major problem with the treatment plant or the primary transmission pathways between the treatment plant and the water system.

The aqueduct's route and supporting structures were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

• 
  Wachusett Aqueduct in context
• 
  The lower dam across the open portion of the aqueduct in Southborough
• 
  A bridge (now only carrying foot traffic) over the open portion of the aqueduct

References

1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
2. Town, Ray. "Restoring the Century-Old Wachusett Aqueduct" (PDF). American Shotcrete Association. p. 1. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
3. Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation-Office of Watershed Management (2006). "Public Access Management Plan Update: Quabbin Reservoir Watershed System" (PDF). p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-02-11. Retrieved November 25, 2012.

Further reading

• Metropolitan Boston water system history
• Aqueduct over-crossing on State Route 20
• Legal brief by the United States Army Corps of Engineers
• March 19, 2001 start of Wachusett Aqueduct rehabilitation
• EPA permit to discharge effluent while repairing the Wachusett Aqueduct
• Court order and statement of facts about MWRA facilities Archived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine

External links

• Online Historic Water System Photos and Plans at mass.gov