User:RTC/Phosphorus
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Phosphorus is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent, nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus is commonly found in inorganic phosphate rocks and in all living cells but is never naturally found alone. It is highly reactive, gives-off a faint glow upon uniting with oxygen (hence its name), occurs in several forms and is an essential element for living organisms. The most important use of phosphorus is in the production of fertilizers. It is also widely used in explosives, friction matches, fireworks, pesticides, toothpaste and detergents.
More information General, Atomic Properties ...
General | |||||||||||||
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Name, Symbol, Number | Phosphorus, P, 15 | ||||||||||||
Chemical series | Nonmetals | ||||||||||||
Group, Period, Block | 15 (VA), 3 , p | ||||||||||||
Density, Hardness | 1823 kg/m3, __ | ||||||||||||
Appearance | colorless/red/silvery white | ||||||||||||
Atomic Properties | |||||||||||||
Atomic weight | 30.973761 amu | ||||||||||||
Atomic radius (calc.) | 100 (98) pm | ||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 106 pm | ||||||||||||
van der Waals radius | 180 pm | ||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [Ne]3s2 3p3 | ||||||||||||
e- 's per energy level | 2, 8, 5 | ||||||||||||
Oxidation states (Oxide) | ±3, 5, 4 (mildly acidic) | ||||||||||||
Crystal structure | Monoclinic | ||||||||||||
Physical Properties | |||||||||||||
State of matter | Solid | ||||||||||||
Melting point | 317.3 K (111.6 °F) | ||||||||||||
Boiling point | 550 K (531 °F) | ||||||||||||
Molar volume | 17.02 ×10-3 m3/mol | ||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 12.129 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 0.657 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||
Vapor pressure | 20.8 Pa at 294 K | ||||||||||||
Speed of sound | no data | ||||||||||||
Miscellaneous | |||||||||||||
Electronegativity | 2.19 (Pauling scale) | ||||||||||||
Specific heat capacity | 769 J/(kg*K) | ||||||||||||
Electrical conductivity | 1.0 10-9/m ohm | ||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 0.235 W/(m*K) | ||||||||||||
1st ionization potential | 1011.8 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||
2nd ionization potential | 1907 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||
3rd ionization potential | 2914.1 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||
4th ionization potential | 4963.6 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||
5th ionization potential | 6273.9 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||
Most Stable Isotopes | |||||||||||||
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SI units & STP are used except where noted. |
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