User:Mr. Ibrahem/Learning disability
Range of neurodevelopmental conditions / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Learning disabilities (LDs), also known as learning disorders, are a group of conditions that affect the ability to acquire, organize, retain, comprehend, or use verbal or nonverbal information.[7] Intelligence is generally otherwise normal.[7] Onset is during childhood with difficulties in school.[7] Reading disability (dyslexia) makes up about 80% of cases with other types including math disability (dyscalculia), writing disability (dysgraphia), and nonverbal learning disability.[7]
Learning disability | |
---|---|
Other names | Specific learning disorder,[1] learning difficulties,[2] developmental academic disorder,[3][4] developmental disorder of scholastic skills[4] knowledge acquisition disability,[4] learning disorder,[4] learning difference[5] |
People at a Learning Disabilities Month event[6] | |
Specialty | Psychiatry, neurology |
Symptoms | Difficulties in school[7] |
Complications | Unemployment[1] |
Usual onset | Childhood[7] |
Types | Reading disability (dyslexia), math disability (dyscalculia), writing disability (dysgraphia), nonverbal learning disability[7] |
Risk factors | Family history, poverty, prematurity, alcohol[7] |
Differential diagnosis | Being disadvantaged, intellectual disability, hearing impairment, traumatic brain injury, ADHD[7][1] |
Frequency | ~10% of children[1] |
The cause is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.[7] Risk factors include family history, poverty, prematurity, and nicotine or alcohol exposure during early development.[7][1] The underlying mechanism is believed to be neurological in nature.[7] Diagnosis requires ruling out other potential causes such as being disadvantaged, intellectual disability, hearing impairment, traumatic brain injury, or ADHD.[7][1] LDs; however, are often associated with ADHD, autism, depression, or oppositional defiant disorder.[7]
Management generally involves a combination of teachers, psychologists, and physicians among others.[7] Speech therapy may help with reading disability.[7] Physical therapy may help with difficulty writing.[7] Associated disorders may also require treatment.[7] About 5 to 15% of school aged children are affected globally.[7][1] About 4% of adults remain affected.[1] Males are affected more often than females.[1] Long term consequences may include unemployment.[1]