User:Mr. Ibrahem/Kidney failure
Disease where the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste products from the blood / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys are functioning at less than 15% of normal.[2] Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney failure, which develops slowly and is often be irreversible.[6] Symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, and confusion.[2] Complications of acute and chronic failure include uremia, high blood potassium, and volume overload.[3] Complications of chronic failure also include heart disease, high blood pressure, and anemia.[4][5]
Kidney failure | |
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Other names | Renal failure, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), stage 5 chronic kidney disease[1] |
A hemodialysis machine which is used to replace the function of the kidneys | |
Specialty | Nephrology |
Symptoms | Leg swelling, feeling tired, loss of appetite, confusion[2] |
Complications | Acute: Uremia, high blood potassium, volume overload[3] Chronic: Heart disease, high blood pressure, anemia[4][5] |
Types | Acute kidney failure, chronic kidney failure[6] |
Causes | Acute: Low blood pressure, blockage of the urinary tract, certain medications, muscle breakdown, and hemolytic uremic syndrome.[6] Chronic: Diabetes, high blood pressure, nephrotic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease[6] |
Diagnostic method | Acute: Decreased urine production, increased serum creatinine[3] Chronic:Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 15[1] |
Treatment | Acute: Depends on the cause[7] Chronic: Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplant[2] |
Frequency | Acute: 3 per 1,000 per year[8] Chronic: 1 per 1,000 (US)[1] |
Causes of acute kidney failure include low blood pressure, blockage of the urinary tract, certain medications, muscle breakdown, and hemolytic uremic syndrome.[6] Causes of chronic kidney failure include diabetes, high blood pressure, nephrotic syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease.[6] Diagnosis of acute failure is often based on a combination of factors such as decrease urine production or increased serum creatinine.[3] Diagnosis of chronic failure is based on a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15 or the need for renal replacement therapy.[1] It is also equivalent to stage 5 chronic kidney disease.[1]
Treatment of acute failure depends on the underlying cause.[7] Treatment of chronic failure may include hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant.[2] Hemodialysis uses a machine to filter the blood outside the body.[2] In peritoneal dialysis specific fluid is placed into the abdominal cavity and then drained, with this process being repeated multiple times per day.[2] Kidney transplantation involves surgically placing a kidney from someone else and then taking immunosuppressant medication to prevent rejection.[2] Other recommended measures from chronic disease include staying active and specific dietary changes.[2]
In the United States acute failure affects about 3 per 1,000 people a year.[8] Chronic failure affects about 1 in 1,000 people with 3 per 10,000 people newly developing the condition each year.[1][9] Acute failure is often reversible while chronic failure often is not.[6] With appropriate treatment many with chronic disease can continue working.[2]