User:Mr. Ibrahem/Doxycycline
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Doxycycline is an antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and certain parasites.[1] It is used to treat bacterial pneumonia, acne, chlamydia infections, early Lyme disease, cholera, typhus, and syphilis.[1] It is also used to prevent malaria and in combination with quinine, to treat malaria.[1] Doxycycline may be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.[1]
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Pronunciation | /ˌdɒksɪˈsaɪkliːn/ DOKS-i-SY-kleen |
Trade names | Doryx, Doxyhexal, Doxylin among others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Systemic: Monograph Mouth: Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682063 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, IV[1] |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | ~100% |
Protein binding | 80–90% |
Metabolism | Negligible |
Elimination half-life | 10–22 hours |
Excretion | Mainly faeces, 40% urine |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C22H24N2O8 |
Molar mass | 444.440 g·mol−1 |
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NY (what is this?) (verify) |
Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and an increased risk of sunburn.[1] There have been concerns in the first trimester of pregnancy or in young children may result in permanent discoloration of the teeth.[1] Though in children this does not occur with normal doses.[2] Its use during breastfeeding is probably safe.[1] Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, of the tetracycline class.[1] Like other agents of this class, it either slows or kills bacteria by inhibiting protein production.[1][3] It kills malaria by targeting a plastid organelle, the apicoplast.[4][5]
Doxycycline was patented in 1957 and came into commercial use in 1967.[6][7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] Doxycycline is available as a generic medicine and is generally inexpensive.[1][9] The wholesale cost in the developing world is between US$0.01 and US$0.04 per pill.[10] In the United States, ten days of treatment has a wholesale costs of about US$3.40 as of 2019.[11] However, in 2014, due to supply issues, it was being sold for as much as US$60–200 for that amount.[1][12] In 2017, it was the 113th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than six million prescriptions.[13][14]