User:Mhatopzz/Sultanate of Ternate
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The Sultanate of Ternate (Jawi alphabet: كسلطانن ترنتاي), was a Muslim dynasty from Ternate that ruled Maluku from 1486 to 1915 and one of the oldest sultanates in Indonesia. The Sultanate was founded by Zainal Abidin, a former Ternatean Kolano (ruler) who converted to Islam and claimed the title of Sultan. During Bayan Sirrullah reign, Ternate made its first contact with the Europeans, particularly the Portuguese in 1512, it quickly gained attractions in the 16th to the 17th century as it was an important spice trading site, and many Europeans including the Spanish, the English, and the Dutch came to trade. Ternate once went into conflict with the Portuguese as their presence was weakened during the Ternatean–Portuguese wars. It reached its Golden Age during the reign of Sultan Baabullah (1570–1583) after defeating the Portuguese and expanded to the eastern part of Indonesia.
Sultanate of Ternate كسلطانن ترنتاي Kesultanan Ternate | |||||||
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1486–1915 | |||||||
Seals used by Sultan Mandar Syah | |||||||
Status | Sovereign state (1486–1560; 1575–1606) Vassal of the Portuguese Empire (1560–1575) Partial occupation by the Spanish East Indies (1606–1663) Protectorate of the Dutch East Indies (1683–1950) | ||||||
Capital | Ternate | ||||||
Common languages | Ternate, Malay, Portuguese (from 16th to 17th century), and Portuguese based creole. | ||||||
Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||
Sultan | |||||||
• c. 1486 – 1500s | Zainal Abidin (first sultan; semi-historical) | ||||||
• 1500s – 1521 | Bayan Sirrullah (first historically recorded ruler) | ||||||
• 1902 – 1915 | Muhammad Usman Shah (last sultan to rule Ternate) | ||||||
• 1929 – 1975 | Muhammad Jabir Syah (Honorary Sultan) | ||||||
Historical era | Early Modern | ||||||
• Sultanate established by Zainal Abidin | c. 1486 | ||||||
1512 | |||||||
• Siege of Ternate | 1570–75 | ||||||
• Conquest by Spain | 15 March–1 April 1606 | ||||||
• Dutch vassalization | 1683 | ||||||
• Last Sultan dethroned | 23 September 1915 | ||||||
• Honorary sultan crowned | 1929 | ||||||
Currency | Barter with cloves Gulden | ||||||
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Today part of | Indonesia |
Ternate and other places in North Maluku are one of the few places to be influenced by the Islamic culture in the Malay archipelago, making Muslim kingdoms able to emerge and thrive in the region. Ternate became a significant trading point from the 15th to the 18th century, it was a major producer of cloves, attracting merchants from around the world, including Europe, particularly from the Iberian Peninsula, and later the Netherlands. Much of the information about this empire was recorded during the period of European contact from 1511 onwards, although some traditional chronicles like Hikayat Tanah Hitu and Hikayat Bacan had recorded earlier history about Ternate prior to the 16th century.