User:Kyle Troyer/Harappan architecture
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Harappan architecture is the architecture of the bronze-age[1] Indus Valley Civilization, an ancient society of people who lived during circa 2500 BCE to 1700 BCE in the Indus Valley of modern-day India and Pakistan.
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The civilization's cities were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and new techniques in handicraft (carnelian products, seal carving) and metallurgy (copper, bronze, lead, and tin).[2] Its large urban centres of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa very likely grew to containing between 30,000 and 60,000 individuals,[3][note 1] and the civilisation itself during its florescence may have contained between one and five million individuals.[4][note 2]
South Asian Harappan culture was heavily formed through its rich integration into international trade, commerce, and contact due to its location along the Indus River.[5] Signs of urbanization in the Indus Valley began as early as 6000 BCE, and by 3200 BCE the region expanded with towns and cities during the Early Harappan phase.[6] By 2500 BCE in the Mature Harappan phase, the Harappan Civilization became the eastern anchor of a network of routes including the Mesopotamian city-states, the Gulf, Iranian Plateau, and Central Asia, and its urbanization emerged as a clear marker of the sociocultural complexity of the Mature Harappan Civilization.[7] Through its urbanization, the Harappan socio-cultural context became a set of intertwined features and processes that were centered on the city while bringing together many kinds of people, different ethnic and linguistic groups, into a socio-cultural whole.[8] Due to the Harappan Civilization's participation in the art of writing, engagement in long-distance trade, and studying of abroad in Mesopotamia,[9] it became a complex ethnic and linguistic civilization that was further felt through its architecture and town planning.
In the known archaeological archives, the race of Harappa cannot be classified; the culture of Harappa cannot be attributed, and the corresponding historical books have not been discovered.. The unearthed seals are engraved with characters with a perfect system.If these seal characters can be deciphered, the above puzzles will be easily solved.Therefore, it is necessary to interpret the words on the architecture of Hapara and the connection with other civilizations.For example,Shaihaijing is a history book of china which recorded some events from Xia Dynasty.Harappa originated from the five rivers of Kunlun Mountains. In the "Shan Hai Jing" ,they are called river, red water, ocean water (black water), green water, and weak water. The names of modern rivers are the Indus, Satledje, Ganges, Yarlung Zangbo (Brahmaputra River),Saraswati River. Scholars have speculated that Zuozu (Kunlunxu) may be the city of Harapa.During the Xia Dynasty, many historical events occurred in these three ancient cities.