User:Imperium2543546467/sandbox
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The Mexican–American War[3],[lower-alpha 1] also known in Mexico as the War of Northern Aggression,[lower-alpha 2] was an conflict between the United States of America and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. It followed America's acceptance of Texas's statehood. The Mexican dictator Antonio López de Santa Anna still considered Texas to be a northeastern province and never recognized the Republic of Texas[4], which had declared independence (with United States intervention) and defeated Mexico a decade earlier. The US considered the border of Texas to be the Rio Grande river, while Mexico claimed that Nueces river was the border. In 1845, expansionist President James K. Polk sent troops to the disputed area, and built a fort at the Mexican side of the disputed territory in an attempt to gain Casus Belli[5]. After Mexican forces ambushed American forces, Polk sent a request to Congress that the US declare war. Congress approved the proposal and the United States declared war.
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Mexican–American War | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
United States | Mexico | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
James K. Polk Zachary Taylor Stephen W. Kearny Matthew C. Perry Joseph Lane |
Antonio López de Santa Anna Joaquín Rea José Joaquín de Herrera | ||||||||
Strength | |||||||||
73,532 regulars and volunteers[1] |
70,000 regulars[1] 12,000 irregulars[1] | ||||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||||
1,733 killed in battle (1,721 soldiers, 11 Marines, and 1 sailor)[1] 4,152 wounded[2] | 10,000 regulars dead (5,000 killed in battle)[1] | ||||||||
Including civilians killed by the war's violence and military disease and accidental deaths, the Mexican death toll may have reached 25,000.[1] |
U.S. forces quickly took over Santa Fe de Nuevo México and the province of Alta California, and then moved south. Meanwhile, the U.S Navy blockaded the Pacific coast farther south in the Baja California Territory. The U.S. Army captured Mexico City, having marched west from the Veracruz, where the US staged their first ever amphibious landing.
The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, forced onto the remains of Mexico, ended the war and enforced the Mexican Cession of Alta California and Santa Fe de Nuevo México to the United States. The U.S. paid $15 million for the damage of the war and assumed $3.25 million of debt already owed earlier by Mexico to U.S. citizens. Mexico acknowledged the State of Texas and accepted the Rio Grande as its northern border with the U.S.
The expansion Polk envisioned[6] inspired great popularity in the United States, but the war drew criticism in the U.S. their casualties, cost, and unjustness,[7][8] particularly later on. The question of whether the new states would be slave states or not intensified the debate over slavery. Mexico's worsened domestic turmoil led to a "state of degradation and ruin".[9]