User:HistoryofIran/Asfar ibn Shiruya
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Sasanian Empire[lower-alpha 1] (/səˈsɑːniən, səˈseɪniən/), or Neo-Persian Empire[7] (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr, or Iran,[1] in Middle Persian),[lower-alpha 2] was the last Iranian Empire before the rise of Islam. Ruled by the Shahanshah (King of Kings) and based in Western Asia, at its largest extent it stretched from Anatolia, the Aegean Sea and Libya in the west, to the Indus Valley and the Oxus River in the east, and from the North Caucasus in the north, to southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula in the south. Its capital was centered at Ctesiphon in Mesopotamia, which had also served as the capital of its predecessors, the Arsacid Empire. Although the founders of the empire were Persian natives of the Fars Province in southwestern Iran like the Achaemenid Empire (650-330 BC), they called their domains for Ērānshahr ("the Empire of the Iranians"), which shaped older concepts of an Iranian identity into a new political idea.[9][10]
This is a Wikipedia user page. This is not an encyclopedia article or the talk page for an encyclopedia article. If you find this page on any site other than Wikipedia, you are viewing a mirror site. Be aware that the page may be outdated and that the user in whose space this page is located may have no personal affiliation with any site other than Wikipedia. The original page is located at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:HistoryofIran/Asfar_ibn_Shiruya. |
Sasanian Empire | |
---|---|
224–651 | |
Simurgh
(Royal emblem) | |
Capital | |
Common languages | |
Religion | |
Government | Feudal monarchy |
Notable shahanshahs | |
• 224–242 | Ardashir I (first) |
• 240–270 | Shapur I |
• 309–379 | Shapur II |
• 399–420 | Yazdegerd I |
• 420–438 | Bahram V |
• 488–531 | Kavad I |
• 531–579 | Khosrow I |
• 590–628 | Khosrow II |
• 632–651 | Yazdegerd III (last) |
Historical era | Late Antiquity |
28 April 224 | |
602–628 | |
628-632 | |
633–651 | |
651 | |
Area | |
550[5][6] | 3,500,000 km2 (1,400,000 sq mi) |
ISO 3166 code | IR |
The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I after his victory at Hormozdgan over the last the Arsacid ruler, Artabanus V. His son and successor, Shapur I continued his father's vigorous campaigns, conquering most of the territories of the Kushan Empire, which was given to a prince from the Sasanian royal family, known as the Kushanshah. In the 3rd-century the Sasanians were generally occupied with war against the Roman Empire. At the start of the 4th-century the Roman emperor Constantine the Great and Sasanian ruler Shapur II acknowledged each other as equals. In the 5th-century, due to internal turmoil and incursions by the Hephthalites in the east, the Sasanian Empire was heavily weakened. The empire was reborn due to the reforms and campaigns of Kavad I and his son and successor Khosrow I Anushirvan.
In the 7th-century, the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 under Khosrow II Parviz greatly exhausted the empire's resources and resulted in his eventual overthrow and death, which culminated in a chaotic civil war, resuming the centuries old hostilities between the Persian (Parsig) and Parthian (Pahlav) noble-families, which split up the wealth of the nation.[11] The empire was not long after conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate during the Arab conquest of Iran.