User:HistoryofIran/Artaxerxes II
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Arsaces (Old Persian: π πΌππ£, romanized: ArΕ‘ak), better known by his dynastic name of Artaxerxes II (Old Persian: π πΌπ«π§ππ, romanized: ArtaxΕ‘aΓ§ΔΚ°) was King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 405/4 BC to 358 BC. He was the son and successor of Darius II (r.β423 β 405/4 BC) and his mother was Parysatis.
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Artaxerxes II π πΌπ«π§ππ | |
---|---|
Great King King of Kings King of Persia King of Countries | |
King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire | |
Reign | 405/4β358 BC |
Predecessor | Darius II |
Successor | Artaxerxes III |
Born | 453/445 BC |
Died | 358 BC (aged 86 or 94) |
Burial | |
Consort | Stateira |
Issue | Darius Ariaspes Artaxerxes III Rhodogune |
Dynasty | Achaemenid |
Father | Darius II |
Mother | Parysatis |
Religion | Zoroastrianism |
Soon after his accession, Artaxerxes II faced opposition from his younger brother Cyrus the Younger, who assembled an army composing of troops from his satrapy as well as Greek mercenaries in his bid for the throne. The forces of the brothers clashed at Cunaxa in 401 BC, which resulted in the defeat and death of Cyrus. Following this, Artaxerxes II had to contend with several other revolts; a revolt by Evagoras I (r.β411β374 BC) in Cyprus between 391β380 BC, by the Phoenicians in c.β380 BC, and most importantly, the revolts by the western satraps (known as the Great Satraps' Revolt) in the 360s and 350s BC, led by distinguished figures such as Datames, Ariobarzanes, and Autophradates.
The rulers of the Parthian Empire notably considered Artaxerxes II their progenitor.