User:ChutaoZ/Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance
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Not to be confused with Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance.
Signed | 14 February 1950 (1950-02-14) |
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Expiry | 16 February 1979 (1979-02-16) |
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Parties |
The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance (Russian: Советско-китайский договор о дружбе, союзе и взаимной помощи; traditional Chinese: 中蘇友好同盟互助條約; simplified Chinese: 中苏友好同盟互助条约; pinyin: Zhōng-Sū Yǒuhǎo Tóngméng Hùzhù Tiáoyuè), was a bilateral treaty of alliance, collective security, aid and cooperation concluded between the People’s Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on February 14, 1950. It superseded the previous Sino-Soviet treaty signed by the Kuomintang government marking the shift of Soviet recognition of the Chinese regime from the nationalist government to the CCP. This treaty was signed against the background of the establishment of the communist Chinese regime and the cold war confrontation, resulting directly from Mao’s foreign policy directive of “leaning to one side” (siding with the socialist camp) and Stalin’s strategic consideration of placing a trusted partner to safeguard Soviet interest in the Far East and Outer Mongolia and balance American presence in East Asia. The treaty laid the groundwork for Sino-Soviet cooperation and partnership by materializing collective security, military obligations, and the transfer of ownership of the Changchun Railway, Port Arthur and Dalian back to China. As stipulated in the treaty, the USSR granted China a loan of $300 million in the form of equipment, infrastructures, industrial projects and also technical expertise by sending Soviet specialists, which contributed to the PRC’s recovery from war and consolidation of communist rule jumpstarting its economy and industrialization.It was the product of extended negotiations between Mao's deputy Liu Shaoqi and Soviet general secretary Joseph Stalin. By its terms, the Soviets recognized the People's Republic of China and recalled recognition of the Republic of China.