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Poster Designers
Poster designers | |
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1978 | Chris Jones |
1979 | Fine Arts Workshop, Sydney University |
1980 | Prue Borthwick |
1981 | Sheona White, printed by Lucifoil Posters |
1982 | Andrew Short |
1983 | Allan Booth |
1984 | Allan Booth |
1985 | Peter Tully (Parade), Allan Booth (Party), Phil Jacobs (Festival) |
1986 | David McDiarmid |
1987 | Michael Fenaughty |
1988 | David McDiarmid |
1989 | Phillip McGrath |
1990 | David McDiarmid |
1991 | Geoffrey Gifford |
1992 | Phillipa Playford |
1993 | Kendal Baker |
1994 | Glenn A Moffat |
1995 | Pierre et Gilles |
1996 | Darian Zam (Illustration), Brendan Williamson (Design) |
1997 | Suzanne Boccalatte (Art Direction and Design) |
1998 | David Corbet, Andrew Medhurst and Bryce Tuckwell, Design Nation |
1999 | Wendy Neill and Tanja Dunster, 10 Design |
2000 | Marita Leuver, Leuver Design |
2001 | Marita Leuver, Leuver Design |
2002 | Norman Edwards |
2003 | trigger design (Greg Anderson) |
2004 | Brett Bush |
2005 | Guy Campbell |
2006 | Guy Campbell |
2007 | Francisco Fisher |
2008 | Joel Wassermann, Gwarsh |
2009 | Lewis Oswald |
2010 | Scott Elk (season creative) Helen White (Photography) Lewis Oswald (designer) |
2011 | Ethel Yarwood (design concept), Techa Noble and Benja Harney (artwork) Lewis Oswald (designer) |
2012 | Lewis Oswald |
2013 | Lewis Oswald |
2014 | Lewis Oswald (creative director), Peter Novotny (season creative) |
Source: A history of the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras[1] |
Will Kent | |
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Born | |
Died | 8 April 1966 53) Atlanta | (aged
Nationality | American |
Education | B.S., University of Georgia M.S., Emory University |
Website | www.elizabeth.com |
name of person | |
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Title | mister |
Successor | not me |
Website | www.me.com |
This is a user sandbox of Will (Wiki Ed). A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article. |
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA /ˈfɔɪjə/ FOY-yə), 5 U.S.C. § 552, is the United States federal freedom of information law that requires the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased or uncirculated information and documents controlled by the U.S. government, state, or other public authority upon request. The act defines agency records subject to disclosure, outlines mandatory disclosure procedures, and includes nine exemptions that define categories of information not subject to disclosure.[2][3][4] The act was intended to make U.S. government agencies' functions more transparent so that the American public could more easily identify problems in government functioning and put pressure on Congress, agency officials, and the president to address them.[5][6] The FOIA has been changed repeatedly by both the legislative and executive branches.[7]
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Reducing emissions requires generating electricity from low-carbon sources rather than burning fossil fuels. This change includes phasing out coal and natural gas fired power plants, vastly increasing use of wind, solar, nuclear and other types of renewable energy, and reducing energy use. Electricity generated from non-carbon-emitting sources will need to replace fossil fuels for powering transportation, heating buildings, and operating industrial facilities.[9][10]
https://dashboard.wikiedu.org/courses/Wiki_Education/Atlassian_Wiki_Scientists_(Spring_2023)/home
She is author of Graphic Design in Context: Typography. She has been invited to speak at numerous conferences, universities, and events—at TYPO Talks,[11] ATypI 2009 (Mexico City), the Walker Art Center (Minneapolis), GraficEurope (Berlin), RMIT (Melbourne), ArtCity (Calgary), among others.[12] She has exhibited her work both nationally and internationally, is published widely in design journals: Emigre, Metropolis, Print, Graphis, Eye, Items, and KAK.[13]
Start typing whatever you want. And you can keep goi[14]
Lloyd's of London has estimated that the global insurance industry will absorb losses of US$204 billion,[15][14] exceeding the losses from the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season and 11 September attacks, suggesting the COVID-19 pandemic will likely go down in history as the costliest disaster ever in human history.[16] Iran-Iraq war was significant because...
Testing before the Links go here. Hey Will! Hi! Look at us collaborate.
New Name | |
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Born | Maria Salomea Skłodowska 7 November 1867 |
Died | 4 July 1934 66) Passy, Haute-Savoie, France | (aged
Cause of death | Aplastic anemia from exposure to radiation |
Citizenship |
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Alma mater | |
Known for | |
Spouse | |
Children |
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Awards |
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Scientific career | |
Fields | Physics, chemistry |
Institutions | |
Thesis | Recherches sur les substances radioactives (Research on Radioactive Substances) |
Doctoral advisor | Gabriel Lippmann |
Doctoral students | |
Signature | |
Notes | |
She is the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two sciences. |
How do you make multiple sandboxes? Oh! Like this:
The physical and societal aspects of the Curies' work contributed to shaping the world of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Cornell University professor L. Pearce Williams observes:
The result of the Curies' work was epoch-making. Radium's radioactivity was so great that it could not be ignored. It seemed to contradict the principle of the conservation of energy and therefore forced a reconsideration of the foundations of physics. On the experimental level the discovery of radium provided men like Ernest Rutherford with sources of radioactivity with which they could probe the structure of the atom. As a result of Rutherford's experiments with alpha radiation, the nuclear atom was first postulated. In medicine, the radioactivity of radium appeared to offer a means by which cancer could be successfully attacked.[19]
If Curie's work helped overturn established ideas in physics and chemistry, it has had an equally profound effect in the societal sphere. To attain her scientific achievements, she had to overcome barriers, in both her native and her adoptive country, that were placed in her way because she was a woman. This aspect of her life and career is highlighted in Françoise Giroud's Marie Curie: A Life, which emphasizes Curie's role as a feminist precursor.
She was known for her honesty and moderate lifestyle. Having received a small scholarship in 1893, she returned it in 1897 as soon as she began earning her keep. She gave much of her first Nobel Prize money to friends, family, students, and research associates. In an unusual decision, Curie intentionally refrained from patenting the radium-isolation process so that the scientific community could do research unhindered. [lower-alpha 1] She insisted that monetary gifts and awards be given to the scientific institutions she was affiliated with rather than to her. She and her husband often refused awards and medals. Albert Einstein reportedly remarked that she was probably the only person who could not be corrupted by fame
Causes may include an injury or repetitive activities.[20] Groups at risk include people who do manual labor, musicians, and athletes.[21] Less common causes include infection, arthritis, gout, thyroid disease, and diabetes.[22] Despite the injury of the tendon, there are roads to healing which includes rehabilitation therapy and/or surgery.[23] Obesity, or more specifically, adiposity or fatness, has also been linked to an increasing incidence of tendinopathy.[24]
Quinolone antibiotics are associated with increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture.[25] A 2013 review found the incidence of tendon injury among those taking fluoroquinolones to be between 0.08 and 0.2%.[26] Fluoroquinolones most frequently affect large load-bearing tendons in the lower limb, especially the Achilles tendon which ruptures in approximately 30 to 40% of cases.[27]
Add new content.[20]
Among individuals belonging to scheduled castes, health care utilisation tends to be lower and mortality rates tend to be higher than among members of higher castes. According to a study on health care-seeking behaviour and health care spending by young mothers in India, women from lower castes spent less on public sector practitioners than higher caste women. Additionally, lower caste women also spent less on private practitioners and self-medication than higher caste women and non-Hindu women, yet experienced more self-reported morbidities than women from higher castes.[28]
According to a study on the utilisation of antenatal care among women in southern India, lower caste women were less likely to have received maternal healthcare than women from higher castes. In the state of Andhra Pradesh, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes were 30 per cent less likely to have received antenatal care than women from higher castes- even when potentially confounding factors, such as age, birth order, and education level, were held constant.[29] Also, while controlling for other factors, women belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes in the state of Karnataka were about 40% less likely to have had antenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy than women from higher castes. The study also found that women belonging to scheduled casts or scheduled tribes were less likely to give birth at hospitals and to be assisted by a health professional during delivery than women from higher castes.[30] Adding whatever you want.
In terms of mortality, it has also been found that lower caste members face higher mortality rates during the earliest and latest part of life, especially among children and adolescents (i.e., 6 to 18 years of age) and the elderly.[31] In terms of health expenditure, the burden of health care spending is greatest among those living in rural and economically poor areas, with members of scheduled tribes and scheduled castes being the most affected by health care spending.[32]
Rivas was born in Puerto Francisco de Orellana in 1972, three years after her parents, Dioselinda Párraga and Enrique Rivas, moved from Manabí. Her secondary education was in Quito at the Colegio Padre Miguel Gamboa (Coca) and the Colegio Los Pinos. She went to gain ger degreess in law and in Social Sciences and Economic Policies at the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja.[33]
In 1991 she joined her city's administration working in the police station, leading the library and directing their human resources. In 2000 she was elected a councillor and she served for four years with two of them as Deputy Mayor.[33]
Rivas was re-elected in 2009[33] having changed her political allegiance[34] in 2014. In 2014 she stood for the PAIS Alliance and was re-elected for a third term, having promised to spend oil revenues on toilets and drinking water.[35]
Rivas has been helping organise support for the indigenous people who are obtaining grants of land that will enable them to preserve their way of life.[36] She stood down in 2019, and Antonio Cabrera became the new mayor.[37]
Gloria Jean Watkins was born on September 25, 1952, in Hopkinsville,[38] a small, segregated town in Kentucky,[39] to a working-class African-American family. Watkins was one of six children born to Rosa Bell Watkins (née Oldham) and Veodis Watkins.[40] Her father worked as a janitor and her mother worked as a maid in the homes of white families.[40] In her memoir Bone Black: Memories of Girlhood (1996), Watkins would write of her "struggle to create self and identity" while growing up in "a rich magical world of southern black culture that was sometimes paradisiacal and at other times terrifying."[41]
An avid reader (with poets William Wordsworth, Langston Hughes, Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Gwendolyn Brooks among her favorites),[42] Watkins was educated in racially segregated public schools, later moving to an integrated school in the late 1960s.[43] She graduated from Hopkinsville High School before obtaining her BA in English from Stanford University in 1973,[44] and her MA in English from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1976.[45] During this time, Watkins was writing her book Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism, which she began at the age of 19 (ca. 1971)[46] and then published in 1981.[47]
In 1983, after several years of teaching and writing, she completed her doctorate in English at the University of California, Santa Cruz, with a dissertation on author Toni Morrison entitled "Keeping a Hold on Life: Reading Toni Morrison's Fiction".[48][49]
The Smithsonian Institution called her design language "simple, elegant, and whimsical".[50] In 2015, the Museum of Modern Art exhibited the first physical representation of her iconography, including her original Grid sketchbook,[51] saying "If the Mac turned out to be such a revolutionary object––a pet instead of a home appliance, a spark for the imagination instead of a mere work tool––it is thanks to Susan's fonts and icons, which gave it voice, personality, style, and even a sense of humor. Cherry bomb, anyone?"[52] They called her "a pioneering and influential computer iconographer [whose icon designs] communicate their function immediately and memorably, with wit and style."[53] The American Institute of Graphic Arts characterized her style as a "whimsical charm and an independent streak" with an "artistic sleight of hand" and awarded her with its medal in April 2018.[54] In October 2019, Kare was awarded the National Design Award for Lifetime Achievement by Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum.[55] On International Women's Day of 2018, Medium acknowledged Kare as a technologist who helped shape the modern world alongside programmer Ada Lovelace, computer scientist Grace Hopper, and astronaut Mae Jemison.[56]
In 1997, I.D. magazine launched its I.D. Forty list of influential designers including Kare and Steve Jobs.[57] In October 2001, she received the Chrysler Design Award.[53]
Adding new information here. More citations. Some reviews. Whatever I want.
Tong's television career began as a reporter for KPIX-TV in San Francisco, where she worked from 1976 to 1979. Originally hired as a writer for the station, Tong was asked to do an on-air test and was immediately promoted to a street reporter, where her first on-air story was a report on the new carts that transported people around the airport. In December 1979, she became co-anchor of the 5 p.m. and 11 p.m. newscasts on KCRA-TV in Sacramento, California where she soon became number one-rated out of all the television news personalities in Sacramento.[58]
Add a new paragraph here about her career. (add the source i just found)[59]
Referring to the difficulties of having a family and career, she said at the time: "Anchoring is fun. At one time I wanted to be a network reporter, but now I think that is too difficult a life. One of these days I want to have a baby."[58] In 1981, she moved to WABC-TV in New York City. Within two years, she became co-anchor of the station's 5 p.m. and 11 p.m. newscasts, first with Tom Snyder from 1983[60] to 1984 and later with Ernie Anastos until 1986.
She moved to the 6 p.m. newscast, rotating the anchor chair with John Johnson alongside Bill Beutel after Roger Grimsby was fired in 1986,[61] while still co-anchoring the 11 p.m. broadcast with Anastos until he left for WCBS in 1989. Eventually her sole anchor role was the 11 p.m. news, as Beutel became solo anchor of the 6 p.m. broadcast. In 1984, she appeared as herself, reporting on the defection of the Soviet circus performer played by Robin Williams in feature film Moscow on the Hudson. She has also played a newscaster in Wolf, City Hall, Marci X, Night Falls on Manhattan, and the 2004 remake of The Manchurian Candidate.
The rise in sea level along coastal regions carries implications for a wide range of habitats and inhabitants. Firstly, rising sea levels will have a serious impact on beaches— a place which humans love to visit recreationally and a prime location for real estate. It is ideal to live on the coast, due to a more moderate climate and pleasant scenery, but beachfront property is at risk from eroding land and rising sea levels. Since the threat posed by rising sea levels has become more prominent, property owners and local government have taken measures to prepare for the worst. For example, "Maine has enacted a policy declaring that shorefront buildings will have to be moved to enable beaches and wetlands to migrate inland to higher ground."[62] Additionally, many coastal states add sand to their beaches to offset shore erosion, and many property owners have elevated their structures in low-lying areas. As a result of the erosion and ruin of properties by large storms on coastal lands, governments have looked into buying land and having residents relocate further inland.[63] The seas now absorb much of human-generated carbon dioxide, which then affects temperature change. The oceans store 93 percent of that energy[64] which helps keep the planet livable by moderating temperatures.
New paragraphs
Another important coastal habitat that is threatened by sea level rise is wetlands, which "occur along the margins of estuaries and other shore areas that are protected from the open ocean and include swamps, tidal flats, coastal marshes and bayous."[65] Wetlands are extremely vulnerable to rising sea levels, since they are within several feet of sea level. The threat posed to wetlands is serious, due to the fact that they are highly productive ecosystems, and they have an enormous impact on the economy of surrounding areas. Wetlands in the U.S. are rapidly disappearing due to an increase in housing, industry, and agriculture, and rising sea levels contribute to this dangerous trend. As a result of rising sea levels, the outer boundaries of wetlands tend to erode, forming new wetlands more inland. According to the EPA, "the amount of newly created wetlands, however, could be much smaller than the lost area of wetlands— especially in developed areas protected with bulkheads, dikes, and other structures that keep new wetlands from forming inland."[66] When estimating a sea level rise within the next century of 50 cm (20 inches), the U.S. would lose 38% to 61% of its existing coastal wetlands.[67]
A rise in sea level will have a negative impact not only on coastal property and economy but on our supply of fresh water. According to the EPA, "Rising sea level increases the salinity of both surface water and ground water through salt water intrusion."[66] Coastal estuaries and aquifers, therefore, are at a high risk of becoming too saline from rising sea levels. With respect to estuaries, an increase in salinity would threaten aquatic animals and plants that cannot tolerate high levels of salinity. Aquifers often serve as a primary water supply to surrounding areas, such as Florida's Biscayne aquifer, which receives freshwater from the Everglades and then supplies water to the Florida Keys. Rising sea levels would submerge low-lying areas of the Everglades, and salinity would greatly increase in portions of the aquifer.[66] The considerable rise in sea level and the decreasing amounts of freshwater along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts would make those areas rather uninhabitable. Many economists predict that global warming will be one of the main economic threats to the West Coast, specifically in California. "Low-lying coastal areas, such as along the Gulf Coast, are particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise and stronger storms—and those risks are reflected in rising insurance rates and premiums. In Florida, for example, the average price of a homeowners' policy increased by 77 percent between 2001 and 2006."[68]
Elizabeth Osborne King (October 12, 1912 – April 8, 1966) was an American microbiologist who discovered and described bacteria of medical importance at the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from the late 1940s through the early 1960s.[69] The genera Kingella and Elizabethkingia and the species Kingella kingae are named to honor her for her pioneering work.[69]
Note: Add new sources here.
Born on October 12, 1912 in Atlanta, Georgia she earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Zoology at the University of Georgia in 1935, and her Master of Science degree in Medical Technology at Emory University in 1938 with her thesis, The Effect of New Antimalarial Drugs on Avian Malaria.[70][69]
In 1943 she joined the Women's Army Corps and served as a commissioned officer during World War II at Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland.[70] After the war, she worked at the Emory University Hospital from 1946 to 1948, and then joined the staff of the recently founded U.S. Communicable Disease Center, now known as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), where she spent the rest of her professional life.[70]
King died[how?] on April 8, 1966 in Atlanta,[69] where she is interred in Oakland Cemetery.[71]
In 1970, the Southeastern Branch of the American Society for Microbiology established the Elizabeth O. King Award for significant contributions in the field of medical microbiology.[72]
Bhisey completed her Bachelor of Science degree from University of Bombay and joined the Indian Cancer Research Centre (ICRC), Mumbai, as a research fellow to work for her Master of Science by research degree.[73] She worked on skin carcinogenesis using electron microscope as the main tool, which led to her PhD degree from the University of Bombay in 1974.[74]
Bhisey worked at the University of Pennsylvania as a research assistant and later with Jerome J Freed at the Lankenau Institute for Medical Research on ultra-structural aspects of cell surface of drug resistant haploid frog cells. She established a genetic toxicology laboratory at Cancer Research Institute (CRI) to test mutagenic potential of putative mutagens, conduct toxicology investigations and monitor genetic hazards of environmental agents. Her laboratory monitored genetic damage in bidi rollers and tobacco processors who are chronically exposed to high levels of tobacco dust. Start typing new things. It's also okay you don't have citations right away. She introduced courses in cancer biology and genetic toxicology for Master of Science students and helped train several students and scientists in carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. She is a member of the Monograph Program Panel, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.[74][75]
Woodson became affiliated with the Washington, D.C. branch of the NAACP and its chairman Archibald Grimké. On January 28, 1915, Woodson wrote a letter to Grimké expressing his dissatisfaction with activities and making two proposals:
Du Bois added the proposal to divert "patronage from business establishments which do not treat races alike;" that is, boycott racially discriminatory businesses. Woodson wrote that he would cooperate as one of the twenty-five effective canvassers, adding that he would pay the office rent for one month. Grimké did not welcome Woodson's ideas.[citation needed]
Responding to Grimké's comments about his proposals, on March 18, 1915, Woodson wrote:[citation needed][dubious – discuss]
I am not afraid of being sued by white businessmen. In fact, I should welcome such a law suit. It would do the cause much good. Let us banish fear. We have been in this mental state for three centuries. I am a radical. I am ready to act, if I can find brave men to help me.[59]
His difference of opinion with Grimké, who wanted a more conservative course, contributed to Woodson's ending his affiliation with the NAACP.[citation needed]
Songs like "Jail House Blues", "Work House Blues", "Prison Blues", "Sing Sing Prison Blues" and "Send Me to the 'Lectric Chair" dealt critically with social issues of the day such as chain gangs, the convict lease system and capital punishment. "Poor Man's Blues" and "Washwoman's Blues" are considered by scholars to be an early form of African-American protest music.[76]
What becomes evident after listening to her music and studying her lyrics is that Smith emphasized and channeled a subculture within the African-American working class. Additionally, she incorporated commentary on social issues like poverty, intra-racial conflict, and female sexuality into her lyrics. Her lyrical sincerity and public behavior were not widely accepted as appropriate expressions for African-American women; therefore, her work was often written off as distasteful or unseemly, rather than as an accurate representation of the African-American experience.
Smith's work challenged elitist norms by encouraging working-class women to embrace their right to drink, party, and satisfy their sexual needs as a means of coping with stress and dissatisfaction in their daily lives. Smith advocated for a wider vision of African-American womanhood beyond domesticity, piety, and conformity; she sought empowerment and happiness through independence, sassiness, and sexual freedom.[77] Although Smith was a voice for many minority groups and one of the most gifted blues performers of her time, the themes in her music were precocious, which led to many believing that her work was undeserving of serious recognition.
(March 10, 1865 – September 21, 1947) was an American painter and teacher, noted especially for her landscapes.
Born in Yeovil, Somerset, Chant was the daughter of James Chant, a merchant captain involved in the Asian spice trade, and Elizabeth Rowe Wills; she was one of nine children.[78] She claimed that before she was seven she had sailed the world as one of her father's passengers.[79] With her family she immigrated to the United States in 1873, settling in Hawley, Minnesota, with numerous other Yeovil residents; upon her mother's death, her father moved the family to Minneapolis and opened a market.[78] She early displayed a taste for art, but was encouraged to turn her talents elsewhere, so she enrolled in the Training School for Nurses at Northwestern Hospital for Women and Children and graduated in 1886.
She continued taking art lessons, studying with Douglas Volk between 1890 and 1893 and receiving instructions in the evenings from Burt Harwood. The outbreak of the Spanish–American War in 1898 saw her transferred by the American Red Cross to the American South, where she worked in Savannah and Augusta, Georgia. She was discharged in 1899 and returned to Minneapolis, becoming active with the Handicraft Guild and the Minneapolis Art League and creating murals and decorative paintings as well as pottery and prints. During a two-year sojourn in England beginning in 1901 she traced her family's relationship to King Arthur and his court, with the result that much of her work became focused on medieval legends.[79] The tour also provided fodder for a series of feature articles for the Minneapolis Journal.[78] A decade later she moved to Springfield, Massachusetts for work, remaining for six years at a firm that specialized in various interior fittings and furnishings.[79]
Alberini studied biology at the University of Pavia.[80] She completed undergraduate research in antibodies in vitro. She moved to the University of Genoa for her graduate studies, where she studied T-cell antigen receptors.[81] She moved to Harvard Medical School, where she joined the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute.[80] She later returned to the United States in 1991 to join the laboratory of Eric Kandel at Columbia University.[82][83]
start our section here
Several OER initiatives in Canada feature national and international collaboration.[84] start typing new text
OER universitas (OERu) offers free online university courses in collaboration with Canadian partners, offering formal credentials from the partner institutions. OERu is a consortium of more than 36 institutions and several organizations on five continents. It is dedicated to widening access and reducing the cost of post-secondary education for learners by providing OER pathways to achieve formal credentials.[85] There are seven members of the OERu in Canada: three universities (Athabasca in Alberta and Thompson Rivers and Kwantlen in British Columbia); one community college (Portage College in Alberta); and three organisations (BCcampus, eCampus Alberta, and Contact North in Ontario).[84]
Woodson devoted the rest of his life to historical research. He worked to preserve the history of African Americans and accumulated a collection of thousands of artifacts and publications. He noted that African-American contributions "were overlooked, ignored, and even suppressed by the writers of history textbooks and the teachers who use them."[86] Race prejudice, he concluded, "is merely the logical result of tradition, the inevitable outcome of thorough instruction to the effect that the Negro has never contributed anything to the progress of mankind."[86]
The summer of 1919 was the "Red Summer", a time of intense racial violence that saw about 1,000 people, most of whom were Black, killed between May and September 1919. In the face of widespread disillusionment felt in Black America caused by the "Red Summer", Carter worked hard to improve the understanding of Black history, later writing "I have made every sacrifice for this movement. I have spent all my time doing this one thing and trying to do it efficiently".[87] The 1920s were a time of rising Black self-consciousness expressed variously in movements such as the Harlem Renaissance and the Universal Negro Improvement Association led by an extremely charismatic Jamaican immigrant Marcus Garvey.[87] In this atmosphere, Woodson was considered by other Black Americans to be one of their most important community leaders who discovered their "lost history".[87] Woodson's project for the "New Negro History" had a dual purpose of giving Black Americans a history to be proud of and to ensure that the overlooked role of Black people in American history was acknowledged by white historians.[87] Woodson wrote that he wanted a history that would ensure that "the world see the Negro as a participant rather than as a lay figure in history".[87]
Woodson wrote "while the Association welcomes the cooperation of white scholars in certain projects...it proceeds also on the basis that its important objectives can be attained through Negro investigators who are in a position to develop certain aspects of the life and history of the race which cannot otherwise be treated. In the final analysis, this work must be done by Negroes...The point here is rather that Negroes have the advantage of being able to think black".[88] Woodson's claim that only Black historians could really understand Black history anticipated the fierce debates that rocked the American historical profession in the 1960s-1970s when a younger generation of Black historians asserted that only Black people were qualified to write about Black history.[89] Despite these claims, the need for funding ensured that Woodson had several white philanthropists such as Julius Rosenwald, George Foster Peabody, and James H. Dillard elected to the board of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History.[89] Woodson preferred white patrons such as Rosenwald who were willing to finance his Association without being involved in its work.[89] Some of the white board members that Woodson recruited such as the historian Albert Bushnell Hart and the teacher Thomas Jesse Jones were not content to play the passive role that Woodson wanted, leading to clashes as both Hart and Jones wanted to write about Black history.[89] In 1920, both Jones and Hart resigned from the Board in protest against Woodson.[90]
In 1926, Woodson pioneered the celebration of "Negro History Week",[91] designated for the second week in February, to coincide with marking the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass.[92] Woodson wrote of the purpose of Negro History Week as:
"It is not so much a Negro History Week as it is a History Week. We should emphasise not Negro History, but the Negro in History. What we need is not a history of selected races or nations, but the history of the world void of national bias, race hatred and religious prejudice".[93]
The idea of a Negro History Week was a popular one, and to honor Negro History Week parades, breakfasts, speeches, lectures, poetry readings, banquets and exhibits were held to honor it.[93] The Black United Students and Black educators at Kent State University expanded this idea to include an entire month beginning on February 1, 1970.[94] Since 1976, every US president has designated February as Black History Month.
Peeva did her graduate studies at Brandeis University, earning a Ph.D. in 1995 under the supervision of David Eisenbud with a thesis entitled Free Resolutions.[95] She was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Berkeley and a C. L. E. Moore instructor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before joining the Cornell faculty in 1998.[96]
In late January 2020, Maryland hospitals began travel screening for coronavirus when taking in new patients entering the emergency room.[97] State health officials announced on January 30, 2020 that the first person tested in Maryland for the novel coronavirus did not have the virus. Fran Phillips, deputy state health secretary for public health services, stated that the risk for Maryland residents of contracting the virus remained low. Maryland medical facilities, educational institutions, and businesses disseminated guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Towson University stated that a professor would not return to classes while a family member was tested.[98] The University of Maryland, College Park and Towson University suspended their study abroad programs in Italy after increases in CDC alert levels. Towson suspended upcoming travel to Japan but did not suspend its current programs.[99]
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Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.