User:TUF-KAT/Hornbostel-Sachs

This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.312 under that system. These instruments may be known as spike box lutes or spike guitars.

• 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments)
  • 32: Instruments in which the resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument
    • 321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table
      • 321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)
        • 321.31: Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator (spike lutes)
          • 321.312: Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood (spike box lutes, spike guitars)

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.

• 4: Hammers or beaters
• 5: Bare hands and fingers
• 6: Plectrum
• 7: Bowing
  • 71: Using a bow
  • 72: Using a wheel
  • 73: Using a ribbon
• 8: Keyboard
• 9: Using a mechanical drive

Instrument	Tradition	Hornbostel–Sachs classification	Description
gusle[1] [2] [3]	Serbia, Montenegro and elsewhere in the former Yugoslavia	321.312	Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg Serbian gusleⓘ
kemenche[4] [5]	The Black Sea area	321.312	Spike lute
rubab[6] [7] rabab	Afghanistan and neighboring areas	321.312-6	Short-necked three-stringed lute with sympathetic and drone strings, fretted and plucked with a plectrum, with a double-chambered body, the lower part of which is covered in skin, and with three main strings

References

1. "'Spinning Out of Control': Rhetoric and Violent Conflict" (PDF). June 1, 2006. p. 4. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
2. "Montenegrin Music". Visit Montenegro. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
3. Lord, Albert B. (1936). "Homer and Huso I: The Singer's Rests in Greek and Southslavic Heroic Song". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 67: 106–113. doi:10.2307/283230. JSTOR 283230.
4. Doubleday, Veronica (2000). "Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads". In Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham with James McConnachie and Orla Duane (Eds.) (ed.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 3–7. ISBN 1858286360. Afghans have a special feeling for the rubab, describing it as the 'lion' of instruments and their 'national instrument'.
5. ARC music. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. Retrieved December 17, 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
6. Doubleday, Veronica (2000). "Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads". In Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham with James McConnachie and Orla Duane (Eds.) (ed.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 3–7. ISBN 1858286360. Afghans have a special feeling for the rubab, describing it as the 'lion' of instruments and their 'national instrument'.
7. ARC music. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. Retrieved December 17, 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)