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The moons of Jupiter are listed below by orbital period. Moons massive enough for their surfaces to have collapsed into a spheroid are highlighted in bold. These are the four Galilean moons, which are comparable in size to the Moon. The other moons are much smaller, with the least massive Galilean moon being more than 7,000 times more massive than the most massive of the other moons. The irregular captured moons are shaded light gray and orange when prograde and yellow, red, and dark gray when retrograde. The orbits and mean distances of the irregular moons are strongly variable over short timescales due to frequent planetary and solar perturbations,[1] therefore the orbital elements of all irregular moons shown here are averaged over a 400-year numerical integration.[2] Their proper orbital elements are all based on the epoch of 1 January 2000.[2] A number of other moons have only been observed for a year or two, but have decent enough orbits to be easily measurable at present.[1]
Key | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inner moons |
♠ Galilean moons |
† Ungrouped moons |
♣ Himalia group |
§ Carpo group |
♦ Ananke group |
♥ Carme group |
‡ Pasiphae group |
Label [note 1] |
Name |
Pronunciation | Image | Abs. magn.[3] |
Diameter (km)[4][note 2] | Mass (×1016 kg)[5][note 3] |
Semi-major axis (km)[2] |
Orbital period (d) [2][note 4] |
Inclination (°)[2] |
Eccentricity [4] |
Discovery year[6] |
Year announced | Discoverer[7][6] | Group [note 5] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
XVI | Metis | /ˈmiːtəs/ | 10.5 | 43 (60 × 40 × 34) | ≈ 3.6 | 128000 | +0.2948 (+7h 04m 29s) | 0.060 | 0.0002 | 1979 | 1980 | Synnott (Voyager 1) | Inner | |
XV | Adrastea | /ædrəˈstiːə/ | 12.0 | 16.4 (20 × 16 × 14) | ≈ 0.20 | 129000 | +0.2983 (+7h 09m 30s) | 0.030 | 0.0015 | 1979 | 1979 | Jewitt (Voyager 2) | Inner | |
V | Amalthea | /æməlˈθiːə/[8] | 7.1 | 167 (250 × 146 × 128) | 208 | 181400 | +0.4999 (+11h 59m 53s) | 0.374 | 0.0032 | 1892 | 1892 | Barnard | Inner | |
XIV | Thebe | /ˈθiːbiː/ | 9.0 | 98.6 (116 × 98 × 84) | ≈ 43 | 221900 | +0.6761 (+16h 13m 35s) | 1.076 | 0.0175 | 1979 | 1980 | Synnott (Voyager 1) | Inner | |
I | Io♠ | /ˈaɪoʊ/ | –1.7 | 3643.2 (3660 × 3637 × 3631) | 8931900 | 421800 | +1.7627 | 0.050[9] | 0.0041 | 1610 | 1610 | Galileo | Galilean | |
II | Europa♠ | /jʊəˈroʊpə/[10] | –1.4 | 3121.6 | 4799800 | 671100 | +3.5255 | 0.470[9] | 0.0090 | 1610 | 1610 | Galileo | Galilean | |
III | Ganymede♠ | /ˈɡænəmiːd/[11][12] | –2.1 | 5268.2 | 14819000 | 1070400 | +7.1556 | 0.200[9] | 0.0013 | 1610 | 1610 | Galileo | Galilean | |
IV | Callisto♠ | /kəˈlɪstoʊ/ | –1.2 | 4820.6 | 10759000 | 1882700 | +16.690 | 0.192[9] | 0.0074 | 1610 | 1610 | Galileo | Galilean | |
XVIII | Themisto† | /θəˈmɪstoʊ/ | 13.3 | ≈ 9 | ≈ 0.038 | 7398500 | +130.03 | 43.8 | 0.340 | 1975/2000 | 1975 | Kowal & Roemer/ Sheppard et al. | Themisto | |
XIII | Leda♣ | /ˈliːdə/ | 12.7 | 21.5 | ≈ 0.52 | 11146400 | +240.93 | 28.6 | 0.162 | 1974 | 1974 | Kowal | Himalia | |
LXXI | Ersa♣ | /ˈɜːrsə/ | 16.0 | ≈ 3 | ≈ 0.0014 | 11401000 | +249.23 | 29.1 | 0.116 | 2018 | 2018 | Sheppard | Himalia | |
S/2018 J 2♣ | 16.5 | ≈ 3 | ≈ 0.0014 | 11420400 | 28.7 | 0.154 | 2018 | 2022 | Sheppard | Himalia | ||||
VI | Himalia♣ | /hɪˈmeɪliə/ | 8.0 | 139.6 (150 × 120) | 420 | 11440600 | +250.56 | 28.1 | 0.160 | 1904 | 1905 | Perrine | Himalia | |
LXV | Pandia♣ | /pænˈdaɪə/ | 16.2 | ≈ 3 | ≈ 0.0014 | 11481000 | +251.91 | 29.0 | 0.179 | 2017 | 2018 | Sheppard | Himalia | |
X | Lysithea♣ | /laɪˈsɪθiə/ | 11.2 | 42.2 | ≈ 3.9 | 11700800 | +259.20 | 27.2 | 0.117 | 1938 | 1938 | Nicholson | Himalia | |
S/2011 J 3♣ | 16.3 | ≈ 3 | ≈ 0.0014 | 11708300 | 27.9 | 0.176 | 2011 | 2022 | Sheppard | Himalia | ||||
VII | Elara♣ | /ˈɛlərə/ | 9.7 | 79.9 | ≈ 27 | 11712300 | +259.64 | 27.9 | 0.211 | 1905 | 1905 | Perrine | Himalia | |
LIII | Dia♣ | /ˈdaɪə/ | 16.1 | ≈ 4 | ≈ 0.0034 | 12260300 | +278.21 | 29.0 | 0.232 | 2000 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Himalia | |
S/2018 J 4§ | 16.7 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 16347800 | 49.8 | 0.209 | 2018 | 2023 | Sheppard | Carpo | ||||
XLVI | Carpo§ | /ˈkɑːrpoʊ/ | 16.2 | ≈ 3 | ≈ 0.0014 | 17042300 | +456.29 | 53.2 | 0.416 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Carpo | |
LXII | Valetudo† | /væləˈtjuːdoʊ/ | 17.0 | ≈ 1 | ≈ 0.000052 | 18694200 | +527.61 | 34.5 | 0.217 | 2016 | 2018 | Sheppard | Valetudo | |
XXXIV | Euporie♦ | /ˈjuːpəriː/ | 16.3 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 19265800 | −550.69 | 145.7 | 0.148 | 2001 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | |
LV | S/2003 J 18♦ | 16.4 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 20336300 | −598.12 | 145.3 | 0.090 | 2003 | 2003 | Gladman | Ananke | ||
LX | Eupheme♦ | /juːˈfiːmiː/ | 16.6 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 20768600 | −617.73 | 148.0 | 0.241 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Ananke (core) | |
S/2021 J 3♦ | 17.2 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 20782500 | 147.8 | 0.234 | 2021 | 2023 | Sheppard | Ananke (core) | ||||
LII | S/2010 J 2♦ | 17.4 | ≈ 1 | ≈ 0.000052 | 20793000 | −618.84 | 148.1 | 0.248 | 2010 | 2011 | Veillet | Ananke (core) | ||
LIV | S/2016 J 1♦ | 17.0 | ≈ 1 | ≈ 0.000052 | 20802600 | −618.49 | 144.7 | 0.232 | 2016 | 2017 | Sheppard | Ananke | ||
XL | Mneme♦ | /ˈniːmiː/ | 16.3 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 20821000 | −620.07 | 148.0 | 0.247 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard & Gladman | Ananke (core) | |
XXXIII | Euanthe♦ | /juːˈænθiː/ | 16.4 | ≈ 3 | ≈ 0.0014 | 20827000 | −620.44 | 148.0 | 0.239 | 2001 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke (core) | |
S/2003 J 16♦ | 16.3 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 20882600 | −622.88 | 148.0 | 0.243 | 2003 | 2003 | Gladman | Ananke (core) | |||
XXII | Harpalyke♦ | /hɑːrˈpæləkiː/ | 15.9 | ≈ 4 | ≈ 0.0034 | 20892100 | −623.32 | 147.7 | 0.232 | 2000 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke (core) | |
XXXV | Orthosie♦ | /ɔːrˈθoʊziː/ | 16.6 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 20901000 | −622.59 | 144.3 | 0.299 | 2001 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | |
XLV | Helike♦ | /ˈhɛləkiː/ | 16.0 | ≈ 4 | ≈ 0.0034 | 20915700 | −626.33 | 154.4 | 0.153 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Ananke | |
XXVII | Praxidike♦ | /prækˈsɪdəkiː/ | 14.9 | 7 | ≈ 0.018 | 20935400 | −625.39 | 148.3 | 0.246 | 2000 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke (core) | |
LXIV | S/2017 J 3♦ | 16.5 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 20941000 | −625.60 | 147.9 | 0.231 | 2017 | 2018 | Sheppard | Ananke (core) | ||
S/2003 J 12♦ | 17.0 | ≈ 1 | ≈ 0.000052 | 20963100 | −627.24 | 150.0 | 0.235 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Ananke (Hermippe) | |||
LXVIII | S/2017 J 7♦ | 16.6 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 20964800 | −626.56 | 147.3 | 0.233 | 2017 | 2018 | Sheppard | Ananke (core) | ||
S/2021 J 2♦ | 17.3 | ≈ 1 | ≈ 0.000052 | 20975200 | 147.7 | 0.231 | 2021 | 2023 | Sheppard | Ananke (core) | ||||
XLII | Thelxinoe♦ | /θɛlkˈsɪnoʊiː/ | 16.3 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 20976000 | −628.03 | 150.6 | 0.228 | 2003 | 2004 | Sheppard & Gladman et al. | Ananke (Hermippe) | |
XXIX | Thyone♦ | /θaɪˈoʊniː/ | 15.8 | ≈ 4 | ≈ 0.0034 | 20978000 | −627.18 | 147.5 | 0.233 | 2001 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke (core) | |
S/2021 J 1♦ | 17.3 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 20992900 | 151.2 | 0.234 | 2021 | 2023 | Sheppard | Ananke (Hermippe) | ||||
S/2003 J 2♦ | 16.7 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 20997700 | −628.79 | 150.2 | 0.225 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Ananke (Hermippe) | |||
XII | Ananke♦ | /əˈnæŋkiː/ | 11.7 | 29.1 | ≈ 1.3 | 21034500 | −629.79 | 147.6 | 0.237 | 1951 | 1951 | Nicholson | Ananke (core) | |
XXIV | Iocaste♦ | /aɪəˈkæstiː/ | 15.5 | ≈ 5 | ≈ 0.0065 | 21066700 | −631.59 | 148.8 | 0.227 | 2000 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | |
XXX | Hermippe♦ | /hərˈmɪpiː/ | 15.5 | ≈ 4 | ≈ 0.0034 | 21108500 | −633.90 | 150.2 | 0.219 | 2001 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke (Hermippe) | |
LXX | S/2017 J 9♦ | 16.2 | ≈ 3 | ≈ 0.0014 | 21768700 | −666.11 | 155.5 | 0.200 | 2017 | 2018 | Sheppard | Ananke | ||
LVIII | Philophrosyne‡ | /fɪləˈfrɒzəniː/ | 16.7 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 22604600 | −702.54 | 146.3 | 0.229 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Pasiphae | |
S/2016 J 3♥ | 16.7 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 22750900 | 164.7 | 0.254 | 2016 | 2023 | Sheppard | Carme | ||||
XXXVIII | Pasithee♥ | /ˈpæsəθiː/ | 16.8 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 22846700 | −719.47 | 164.6 | 0.270 | 2001 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
LXIX | S/2017 J 8♥ | 17.1 | ≈ 1 | ≈ 0.000052 | 22849500 | −719.76 | 164.8 | 0.255 | 2017 | 2018 | Sheppard | Carme | ||
S/2021 J 6♥ | 17.3 | ≈ 1 | ≈ 0.000052 | 22867600 | 165.0 | 0.276 | 2021 | 2023 | Sheppard | Carme | ||||
S/2003 J 24♥ | 16.6 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 22887400 | −721.60 | 164.5 | 0.259 | 2003 | 2021 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |||
XXXII | Eurydome‡ | /jʊəˈrɪdəmiː/ | 16.2 | ≈ 3 | ≈ 0.0014 | 22899000 | −717.31 | 149.1 | 0.294 | 2001 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphae | |
LVI | S/2011 J 2‡ | 16.8 | ≈ 1 | ≈ 0.000052 | 22909200 | −718.32 | 151.9 | 0.355 | 2011 | 2012 | Sheppard | Pasiphae | ||
S/2003 J 4‡ | 16.7 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 22926500 | −718.10 | 148.2 | 0.328 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Pasiphae | |||
XXI | Chaldene♥ | /kælˈdiːniː/ | 16.0 | ≈ 4 | ≈ 0.0034 | 22930500 | −723.71 | 164.7 | 0.265 | 2000 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
LXIII | S/2017 J 2♥ | 16.4 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 22953200 | −724.71 | 164.5 | 0.272 | 2017 | 2018 | Sheppard | Carme | ||
XXVI | Isonoe♥ | /aɪˈsɒnoʊiː/ | 16.0 | ≈ 4 | ≈ 0.0034 | 22981300 | −726.27 | 164.8 | 0.249 | 2000 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
XLIV | Kallichore♥ | /kəˈlɪkəriː/ | 16.3 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23021800 | −728.26 | 164.8 | 0.252 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Carme | |
XXV | Erinome♥ | /ɛˈrɪnəmiː/ | 16.0 | ≈ 3 | ≈ 0.0014 | 23032900 | −728.48 | 164.4 | 0.276 | 2000 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
S/2021 J 4♥ | 17.4 | ≈ 1 | ≈ 0.000052 | 23042900 | 164.7 | 0.269 | 2021 | 2023 | Sheppard | Carme | ||||
XXXVII | Kale♥ | /ˈkeɪliː/ | 16.3 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23052600 | −729.64 | 164.6 | 0.262 | 2001 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
LVII | Eirene♥ | /aɪˈriːniː/ | 15.8 | ≈ 4 | ≈ 0.0034 | 23055800 | −729.84 | 164.6 | 0.258 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Carme | |
XXXI | Aitne♥ | /ˈeɪtniː/ | 16.0 | ≈ 3 | ≈ 0.0014 | 23064400 | −730.10 | 164.6 | 0.277 | 2001 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
XLVII | Eukelade♥ | /juːˈkɛlədiː/ | 16.0 | ≈ 4 | ≈ 0.0034 | 23067400 | −730.30 | 164.6 | 0.277 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Carme | |
XLIII | Arche♥ | /ˈɑːrkiː/ | 16.2 | ≈ 3 | ≈ 0.0014 | 23097800 | −731.88 | 164.6 | 0.261 | 2002 | 2002 | Sheppard | Carme | |
XX | Taygete♥ | /teɪˈɪdʒətiː/ | 15.6 | ≈ 5 | ≈ 0.0065 | 23108000 | −732.45 | 164.7 | 0.253 | 2000 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
S/2016 J 4‡ | 17.3 | ≈ 1 | ≈ 0.000052 | 23109400 | 146.9 | 0.288 | 2016 | 2023 | Sheppard | Pasiphae | ||||
LXXII | S/2011 J 1♥ | 16.7 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23124500 | −733.21 | 164.6 | 0.271 | 2011 | 2012 | Sheppard | Carme | ||
XI | Carme♥ | /ˈkɑːrmiː/ | 10.6 | 46.7 | ≈ 5.3 | 23144400 | −734.19 | 164.6 | 0.256 | 1938 | 1938 | Nicholson | Carme | |
L | Herse♥ | /ˈhɜːrsiː/ | 16.5 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23150500 | −734.52 | 164.4 | 0.262 | 2003 | 2003 | Gladman et al. | Carme | |
LXI | S/2003 J 19♥ | 16.6 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23156400 | −734.78 | 164.7 | 0.265 | 2003 | 2003 | Gladman | Carme | ||
LI | S/2010 J 1♥ | 16.5 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23189800 | −736.51 | 164.5 | 0.252 | 2010 | 2011 | Jacobson et al. | Carme | ||
S/2003 J 9♥ | 16.9 | ≈ 1 | ≈ 0.000052 | 23199400 | −736.86 | 164.8 | 0.263 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Carme | |||
LXVI | S/2017 J 5♥ | 16.5 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23206200 | −737.28 | 164.8 | 0.257 | 2017 | 2018 | Sheppard | Carme | ||
LXVII | S/2017 J 6‡ | 16.6 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23245300 | −733.99 | 149.7 | 0.336 | 2017 | 2018 | Sheppard | Pasiphae | ||
XXIII | Kalyke♥ | /ˈkæləkiː/ | 15.4 | 6.9 | ≈ 0.017 | 23302600 | −742.02 | 164.8 | 0.260 | 2000 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
XXXIX | Hegemone‡ | /həˈdʒɛməniː/ | 15.9 | ≈ 3 | ≈ 0.0014 | 23348700 | −739.81 | 152.6 | 0.358 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Pasiphae | |
S/2018 J 3♥ | 17.3 | ≈ 1 | ≈ 0.000052 | 23352200 | 165.2 | 0.272 | 2021 | 2023 | Sheppard | Carme | ||||
S/2021 J 5♥ | 16.8 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23441500 | 164.9 | 0.269 | 2021 | 2023 | Sheppard | Carme | ||||
S/2003 J 10♥ | 16.9 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23446200 | 164.4 | 0.254 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Carme | ||||
VIII | Pasiphae‡ | /pəˈsɪfeɪiː/ | 10.1 | 57.8 | ≈ 10 | 23468200 | −743.61 | 148.4 | 0.412 | 1908 | 1908 | Melotte | Pasiphae | |
XXXVI | Sponde‡ | /ˈspɒndiː/ | 16.7 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23543300 | −748.29 | 149.3 | 0.322 | 2001 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphae | |
XIX | Megaclite‡ | /ˌmɛɡəˈklaɪtiː/ | 15.0 | ≈ 5 | ≈ 0.0065 | 23644600 | −752.86 | 149.8 | 0.421 | 2000 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphae | |
XLVIII | Cyllene‡ | /səˈliːniː/ | 16.3 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23654700 | −751.97 | 146.8 | 0.419 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Pasiphae | |
IX | Sinope‡ | /səˈnoʊpiː/ | 11.1 | 35 | ≈ 2.2 | 23683900 | −758.85 | 157.3 | 0.264 | 1914 | 1914 | Nicholson | Pasiphae | |
LIX | S/2017 J 1‡ | 16.8 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23744800 | −756.41 | 145.8 | 0.328 | 2017 | 2017 | Sheppard | Pasiphae | ||
XLI | Aoede‡ | /eɪˈiːdiː/ | 15.6 | ≈ 4 | ≈ 0.0034 | 23778200 | −761.46 | 155.7 | 0.436 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Pasiphae | |
XXVIII | Autonoe‡ | /ɔːˈtɒnoʊiː/ | 15.5 | ≈ 4 | ≈ 0.0034 | 23792500 | −761.00 | 150.8 | 0.330 | 2001 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphae | |
XVII | Callirrhoe‡ | /kəˈlɪroʊiː/ | 14.0 | 9.6 | ≈ 0.046 | 23795500 | −758.86 | 145.1 | 0.297 | 1999 | 2000 | Scotti et al. | Pasiphae | |
S/2003 J 23‡ | 16.6 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 23829300 | −760.00 | 144.7 | 0.313 | 2003 | 2004 | Sheppard | Pasiphae | |||
XLIX | Kore‡ | /ˈkɔːriː/ | 16.6 | ≈ 2 | ≈ 0.00042 | 24205200 | −776.76 | 141.5 | 0.328 | 2003 | 2003 | Sheppard | Pasiphae |
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