User:Mr. Ibrahem/Valvular heart disease
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Valvular heart disease is a disorder of one or more of the four valves of the heart (aortic and mitral on the left, pulmonic and tricuspid on the right).[3] Symptoms may include shortness of breath, leg swelling, tiredness, and palpitations.[1] Complications can include heart failure and stroke.[3]
Valvular heart disease | |
---|---|
Other names | Cardiac valvular disorder, heart valve disease |
Diagram of the valves of the heart. The aortic and mitral valves are shown in the left heart, and the tricuspid and pulmonic valves are shown in the right heart. | |
Specialty | Cardiology |
Symptoms | Shortness of breath, leg swelling, tiredness, palpitations[1] |
Types | |
Risk factors | Older age, rheumatic heart disease, prior heart attack, high blood pressure, diabetes, infectious endocarditis, Marfan syndrome, heart related birth defect[2][3] |
Diagnostic method | Heart murmur, ultrasound[1] |
Treatment | Healthy lifestyle, surgery[4][1] |
Frequency | 2.5% (USA)[5] |
Risk factors include older age, rheumatic heart disease, prior heart attack, high blood pressure, diabetes, infectious endocarditis, Marfan syndrome, and heart related birth defect.[2][3] They may be divided into inadequate opening (stenosis) and leaking (insufficiency).[1] Diagnosis may be suspected based on a heart murmur and confirmed by ultrasound.[1]
Mild disease may be followed via periodic checks.[1][6] A healthy lifestyle including exercise is recommended.[4] Antibiotics are recommended in those with a history of rheumatic hear disease.[4] Surgery in the form of valve repair (valvuloplasty) or replacement (insertion of an artificial heart valve) may be indicated for more severe disease.[1]
Valvular heart disease affects about 2.5% of people in the United States, with aortic valve disease resulting in the most deaths.[5][7] While heart valves were first described around 200 AD by Galen, problems with the valves were not described until the 1600s and 1700s.[8][9] Surgical treatment was first performed in 1913 by Theodore Tuffier in Paris, France.[9]