User:Mr. Ibrahem/Nifedipine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nifedipine, sold under the brand name Adalat among others, is a medication used to manage angina, high blood pressure, Raynaud's phenomenon, and premature labor.[2] It is one of the treatments of choice for Prinzmetal angina.[2] It may be used to treat severe high blood pressure in pregnancy.[2] Its use in preterm labor may allow more time for steroids to improve the baby's lung function and provide time for transfer of the mother to a well qualified medical facility before delivery.[2] It is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type.[2] Nifedipine is taken by mouth and comes in fast and slow release formulations.[2]
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Clinical data | |||
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Trade names | Adalat, Procardia, others | ||
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph | ||
MedlinePlus | a684028 | ||
License data |
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Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, topical | ||
Drug class | Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)[2] | ||
Pharmacokinetic data | |||
Bioavailability | 45-56% | ||
Protein binding | 92-98% | ||
Metabolism | Gastrointestinal, Liver | ||
Elimination half-life | 2 hours[3] | ||
Excretion | Kidneys: >50%, Biliary: 5-15% | ||
Identifiers | |||
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Chemical and physical data | |||
Formula | C17H18N2O6 | ||
Molar mass | 346.339 g·mol−1 | ||
3D model (JSmol) | |||
Melting point | 173 °C (343 °F) | ||
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Common side effects include lightheadedness, headache, feeling tired, leg swelling, cough, and shortness of breath.[2] Serious side effects may include low blood pressure and heart failure.[2] There is tentative evidence that its use in pregnancy is safe; however, it is not recommended during breastfeeding.[1]
Nifedipine was patented in 1967, and approved for use in the United States in 1981.[2][4][5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] It is available as a generic medication.[2] The wholesale price in the developing world for the slow-release form is approximately US$1.90–3.80 per month.[7] In the United States, it costs approximately $40–60 per month, depending on the dose.[2] In 2017, it was the 120th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than six million prescriptions.[8][9]