User:Mr. Ibrahem/Flumazenil
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Flumazenil, sold under the brand name Anexate, is a medication used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines.[3] Routine use is not recommended in those with a decreased level of consciousness.[4] It is given by injection into a vein.[3] Effects begin within 2 minutes and may last for up to 90 minutes.[1][2]
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Trade names | Anexate, Lanexat, Mazicon, Romazicon |
Other names | Flumazepil, Ro 15-1788, ethyl 8-fluoro- 5,6-dihydro- 5-methyl- 6-oxo- 4H- imidazo [1,5-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine- 3-carboxylate |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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Routes of administration | IV |
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Metabolism | Liver |
Onset of action | Within 2 min[1] |
Elimination half-life | 7–15 min (initial) 20–30 min (brain) 40–80 min (terminal) |
Duration of action | 40 to 90 min[2] |
Excretion | Urine 90–95% Feces 5–10% |
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Formula | C15H14FN3O3 |
Molar mass | 303.293 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include sweating, blurry vision, headache, and dizziness.[1] Other side effects may include seizures and benzodiazepine withdrawal, especially in people with benzodiazepine dependence.[1] Panic attacks may also occur.[1] Safety in pregnancy is unclear.[5] It works by blocking benzodiazepines at the GABA receptor.[1]
Flumazenil was characterized in 1981, and approved for medical use in the United States in 1991.[6][1] It is available as a generic medication.[3] In the United Kingdom 0.5 mg cost the NHS about £13 as of 2021.[3] This amount in the United States is about 10 USD.[7]