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This is an order of battle listing the Japanese and Allied forces involved in the Battle of Milne Bay from 25 August – 7 September 1942. Since the Allies assumed the tactical initiative, their forces are listed first.
Milne Force
- Headquarters
- Headquarters, Milne Bay Force
- Headquarters, Royal Australian Engineers, Milne Bay Force
- Headquarters, Signals, Milne Bay Force
- Headquarters, Australian Army Service Corps, Milne Bay Force
- Artillery
- 9th Battery, 2/5th Field Regiment
- 4th Battery, 101st Anti-Tank Regiment
- 2/6th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Battery
- Section, 23rd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Battery
- Headquarters, 33rd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Battery
- 440th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Gun Station
- 441st Heavy Anti-Aircraft Gun Station
- 2/9th Light Anti-Aircraft Battery (less E Troop), an Independent Battery of the 2/3rd Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
- Detachment, Signals, 2/3rd Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
- Detachment, 3rd Light Anti-Aircraft Workshop Section, 2/3rd Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
- Engineers
- 24th Field Company
- 2/4th Field Company
- Detachment, No. 2 Dock Operating Company
- No. 5 Section, 1st Bomb Disposal Company
- Signals
- Headquarters Company, Milne Force Signals
- No. 1 Company, Milne Force Signals
- Headquarters No. 2 Company, Milne Force Signals
- Headquarters No. 3 Company, Milne Force Signals
- Detachment, New Guinea Force Signals
- Infantry
- 7th Infantry Brigade Defence Platoon
- Supply and Transport
- 25th Company, Australian Army Service Corps
- 2/6th Company, Australian Army Service Corps
- Ordnance
- 101st Independent Brigade Group Ordnance Workshop
- 101st Independent Brigade Group Ordnance Field Park
- 18th Brigade Section, 7th Division Ordnance Workshop
- 18th Brigade Section, 7th Division Ordnance Field Park
- 123rd Forward Ordnance Depot
- 23rd Forward Ammunition Depot
- Medical
- 11th Field Ambulance
- 2/5th Field Ambulance
- 101st Casualty Clearing Station
- 308th Dental Unit
- 368th Dental Unit
- Miscellaneous
- Detachment, Australian Defence Canteens Service
- Detachment, Australian New Guinea Administrative Unit
7th Infantry Brigade
- Headquarters, 7th Infantry Brigade
- J Section, Signals
- 241st Light Aid Detachment
- 9th Infantry Battalion
- 25th Infantry Battalion
- 61st Infantry Battalion
- 7th Brigade Provost Section
- 68th Field Post Office
18th Infantry Brigade
- Headquarters, 18th Infantry Brigade
- 11 Platoon, Headquarters Guard Battalion
- J Section, Signals, 7th Division
- 2/47th Light Aid Detachment
- 2/9th Infantry Battalion
- 2/10th Infantry Battalion
- 2/12th Infantry Battalion
- 5th Section, 7th Division Provost Company
- Detachment, 7th Division Postal Unit
- Detachment, 7th Division Field Cash Office
United States Army Units
- Platoon, 101st Coast Artillery (Anti-Aircraft) Battalion
- C Battery, 104th Coast Artillery (Anti-Aircraft) Battalion
- 709th Airborne Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battery
- Company E, 46th Engineers
- 43rd Engineers (less Headquarters and E Company)
- Port Detachment
- Company A, 394th Quartermaster Battalion
- Station Hospital
Allied Air Forces
RAAF
- No. 75 Squadron RAAF
- No. 76 Squadron RAAF
- RAAF Operating Base
- RAAF Signals
- No. 37 Radio Station
US Army Air Corps
- 8th Fighter Control Squadron
- 694th Signal Plotting Platoon
Source:"War Diary, 11th Division General Staff Branch, August 1942, Appendix A, AWM52, 1/5/25-001" (PDF). Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
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Eighth Fleet
- Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa (HQ at Rabaul)
Assault Force
- 18th Cruiser Division
Rear Admiral Mitsaharu Matsuyama- 2 Tenryū-class light cruisers (4 × 5.5-in. main battery)
- 29th Destroyer Division
- 23rd Submarine Chaser Division
- Transport Group
- Landing Force
- 5th Kure Special Naval Landing Force
- 5th Sasebo Special Naval Landing Force (part)
- 19th Establishment Unit (part)
- 8th Signals Unit (part)
Source: Bullard, Steven (2007). Japanese Army Operations in the South Pacific Area New Britain and Papua Campaigns, 1942–43. Senshi Sōshō (translated excerpts). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-9751904-8-7.
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