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The Government of Veracruz, formally Government of the State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, is the governmental structure responsible for the administration of the Mexican state of Veracruz. As all the Mexican federated states, the state government is organized under the principle of separation of powers. Since its first Constitution, enacted in 1825, it was established that the Public State Power was to be separated into Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary.[1][2] At local level, the state is divided in autonomous municipalities with their own independent governments and by-laws.
Federated state | |
Formation | 3 June 1825 |
---|---|
Founding document | State Constitution |
State | Veracruz |
Country | Mexico |
Website | veracruz.gob.mx |
Legislative branch | |
Legislature | Congress of the State |
Speaker | President of the Executive Board |
Deputy Speaker | Vice-President of the Executive Board |
Assembly members | 50 |
Legislative council | Political Coordination Board |
Chair | President of the Political Coordination Board |
Council members | 4 |
Meeting place | Legislative Palace |
Executive branch | |
Head of government | Governor |
Appointed by | Direct election |
Headquarters | State Government Palace |
Main organ | State Cabinet |
Judicial branch | |
Court | Supreme Court of Justice of the State |
Seat | Palace of Justice |
Commonly, the terms Government of Veracruz, Government of the State, or State Govermenment refer specifically to the Executive branch and its dependencies. Nevertheless, at certain institutional events, such as the inauguration of new state or municipal governments, members of all of the three branches may be collectively referred as representatives of the Government of the State.
The State Constitution (Spanish: Constitución Estatal), officially Political Constitution of the State of Veracruz of Ignacio de la Llave (Constitución Política del Estado de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is the Supreme Law of the State, however, it does not supersedes the federal Constitution. All state laws not falling under federal regulations emanate from the state Constitution.
The Article 17 of the state Constitution is the legal basis for the separation of powers and their respective obligations and prerogatives. It also establishes the municipality of Xalapa-Enríquez as seat of government.
Originally, the first seat of government was established in the city of Veracruz, however, it was moved to Xalapa for the first time on 21 January 1824.[3] In fact, between 1824 and 1922, due to unstable political and social environment in the state—and the country in general—the seat of government was intermittently installed among the cities of Veracruz, Xalapa, Huatusco, Misantla, Coatepec, Los Tuxtlas, Cosamaloapan, Tlacolulan, Orizaba, Tuxpan and Córdoba.[3]
The current seat of the three branches of Government is the city of Xalapa, formally Xalapa-Enríquez, which also serves as the official capital of the state since 26 May 1924.[4] However, since the 2000 Integral Reform to the State Constitution, its mandatory for the state legislature to hold sessions, at least once a year, in the municipal seat of a municipality in the northern, central, or southern regions of the state. To fulfill this mandate, Congress is allowed to provisionally change its seat.[5]
The Executive branch is vested in the Governor of Veracruz, officially Governor of the State, who is also known by the metonyms "The Executive" or "State Executive" (el Ejecutivo o Ejecutivo estatal). Frequently, the activities of the Governor, the State Cabinet, and other dependencies of the executive are conjointly referred as State Government. The day-to-day operation and activities of the Government of Veracruz are performed by subordinated departments and agencies of the State Public Administration.
The Governor is the head of government, and his term is limited to six years (sexenio) without the possibility of re-election. Moreover, any person who has held the office—as interim, provisional, or substitute—cannot not hold the office again.
The State Executive has prerogatives exclusive to his office, such as the appointment of members of the State Cabinet (usually close partisan allies), to promulgate laws and decrees approved by Congress and the necessary regulations to execute and comply with them, propose to Congress a yearly State Budget, and the Power to grant pardon to state inmates, among others.
The Governor is the head of the State Public Administration (Administración Pública Estatal), divided in Centralized and Decentralized, which includes the State Cabinet (Gabinete del Estado or Oficinas de Despacho), dependencies, autonomous bodies, and para-statal companies subordinated to the state executive.
The Centralized State Public Administration is directly under authority of the Governor. The Governor has full power to appoint and remove the heads of all the Centralized State Public Administration dependencies.
The State Cabinet is formed by the State Secretaries and the Dependencies of the Executive power. The most important components of the State Cabinet (Gabinete Estatal or Oficinas del Despacho de Gobierno) are the 13 State Secretariats, followed by the State dependencies. Nevertheless, the local Constitution states that are dependencies have equal rank without preeminence.
The Autonomous Bodies are created by the executive, however, the latter has no authority over the activities they perform.
These are companies or institutions in which the Government of the State has control or participation of at least 51%. SEFIPLAN lists, as of 2022[6], the following para-statal entities:
The local legislature, formally known as Congreso del Estado (lit. 'Congress of the State'), is unicameral and has 50 members elected every three years by direct election. Deputies can run for re-election up to 4 consecutive legislative periods, however, the Constitution does not set any limit for non-consecutive terms.
A new legislature starts works on the 5th of November of the same election year. During the inaugural session, deputies vote to elect the members of the Executive Board. Once the members of the Executive Board are elected and sworn in, the State Congress is declared formally installed. The State Congress opens to session on December 5.
The Executive Board (Mesa Directiva) consists of the President, Vice-President, and Secretary and is elected for full three years of the legislature, and until the new one is installed. The President of the Executive Board is the President of the Congress of the State.[7] The incumbent President is Cecilia Josefina Guevara Guembe, Morena deputy for the V Local Electoral District of Poza Rica.[8]
The Executive Board is responsible to lead the sessions according to the principles of freedom, impartiality, and objectivity. It is in charge to carry on with the adequate development of debates, deliberations, and voting procedures of the Assembly. Moreover, it is charged with the planning and execution of the Order of the Day and to provide everything needed to establish the Legislative Groups.
The Political Coordination Board (Junta de Coordinación Política) is the governing body of the Congress and its charged with keeping the optimal exercise legislative, political, and administrative work. It consists of the President of the Executive Board and the Legislative Groups Coordinators.
Legislative Groups (Grupos Legislativos) are associations formed by deputies from the same political party. Their function is to guarantee the freedom of expression of the political views represented in Congress. At least three deputies are needed to form a Legislative Group and there can only be one per political party. In the case of Mixed Legislative Groups, those formed by deputies of different parties, there is no limit in terms of membership. One-party Legislative Groups are installed during the first ordinary session of Congress; mixed Legislative Groups can be formed whenever their members decide to integrate one. The Coordinators, elected by group members, speak for the group, help with the election of the members of the Executive Board, and have a seat on the Political Coordination Board.
The Judiciary power is vested in the Supreme Court of Justice (Tribunal Superior de Justicia), the Court of Conciliation and Arbitration (Tribunal de Conciliación y Arbitraje), and the courts indicated by the Organic Law on the matter.
The state is divided in 212 municipalities lead by a Municipal Council.
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