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Cinque Ports is the name of an English galley whose sailing master was Alexander Selkirk,[1] generally accepted as a model for the fictional Robinson Crusoe.[2] The ship was part of a 1703 expedition commanded by William Dampier, who captained an accompanying ship, the 26-gun St George with a complement of 120 men.[3]
- Cinque Ports is also the name for a group of five English port towns, the namesake of this ship.
When the War of the Spanish Succession broke out in 1701, English privateers were recruited to act against French and Spanish interests.[4] Despite a court-martial for cruelty to one of his crew in an earlier voyage,[5] Dampier was granted command of the two-ship expedition which departed England on 30 April 1703 for the port of Kinsale in Ireland.[6]
William Dampier's original companions dropped out of the scheme and a new agreement was made with Captain Charles Pickering of the Cinque Ports. The Cinque Ports was fitted out with 16 guns and a crew of 63. The two ships left Kinsale on 11 September 1703 with the intention of attacking Spanish galleons returning from Buenos Aires.[7] When this plan fell through the privateers decided to make for the South Sea by way of Cape Horn.[8] While the ships were off the coast of Brazil an outbreak of scurvy on board Cinque Ports led to the death of a number of men,[9] including the captain who was replaced by 21-year-old Lieutenant Thomas Stradling.[10]
After rounding the Horn and cruising up the South American coast as far as Panama,[11] capturing several Spanish ships on the way,[12] the two captains decided to separate.[13] Captain Stradling stopped at one of the islands of the Juan Fernández Archipelago off the Chilean coast in September 1704 to resupply. There was a dispute between Alexander Selkirk and Stradling regarding the Cinque Ports' seaworthiness, and Selkirk impetuously chose to be put ashore on an uninhabited island.[1]
He remained on Juan Fernández in solitude for four years and four months, before being rescued by Woodes Rogers in 1709.[1] His experience was one of the likely sources of inspiration for the character Robinson Crusoe in the novel by Daniel Defoe.[14] Selkirk's suspicions were soon justified, as the Cinque Ports sank near Malpelo Island 400 km (250 mi) from the coast of what is now Colombia, with Stradling and the surviving members of his crew being taken prisoner by the Spanish.[15]
An eyewitness account of the last voyage of the Cinque Ports was published by William Funnell, an officer on board the St George, who went on to circumnavigate the globe after abandoning Dampier in January 1705.[16] The owners of the Cinque Ports subsequently began legal action against Dampier over the loss of their ship. According to a deposition by Selkirk on 18 July 1712, Dampier's failure to advise the owners to have the Cinque Ports and St George covered in protective wood sheathing had resulted in "the loss of both ships, for they perished by being worm eaten."[17] Other witnesses supported this allegation. The shipowners would be disappointed, however, as Dampier died in 1715, leaving nothing but debts.[18]
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