User:Al Ameer son/Amr
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Amr ibn al-As al-Sahmi (Arabic: عمرو بن العاص, romanized: ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ al-Sahmī; c. 573 – 664) was the Arab commander who led the Muslim conquest of Egypt and served as its semi-independent governor in 640–646 and 658–664. The son of a wealthy Qurayshite, Amr embraced Islam in c. 629 and was assigned important roles in the nascent Muslim community by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The first caliph Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) appointed Amr as a commander of the conquest of Syria. He conquered most of Palestine, to which he was appointed governor, and led the Arabs to a decisive victories over the Byzantines at the battles of Ajnadayn and Yarmouk in 634 and 636. Amr launched the conquest of Egypt in 639, defeating the Byzantines in a string of victories ending with the surrender of Alexandria in 641 or 642. This was followed with westward advances by Amr as far as Tripoli.
Amr ibn al-As | |
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Governor of Egypt | |
In office August/September 658 – 664 | |
Monarch | Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680) |
Preceded by | Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr |
Succeeded by | Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As |
In office 640–646 | |
Monarchs | Uthman (r. 644–656) Umar (r. 634–644) |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Abd Allah ibn Abi Sarh |
Governor of Palestine | |
In office 634–639 | |
Monarchs | Umar (r. 634–644) Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan |
Personal details | |
Born | c. 573 Mecca |
Died | 664 Egypt |
Spouse(s) | Rayta or Hind bint Munabbih ibn al-Hajjaj Unnamed woman from Bali tribe Umm Kulthum bint Uqba (div.) |
Children | Abd Allah Muhammad |
Parents |
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Military service | |
Allegiance | Mu'awiya I/Umayyad Caliphate (658–664) Rashidun Caliphate (632–658) Muhammad (629–632) |
Years of service | 657–658 629–646 |
Battles/wars | First Fitna
|
He founded Fustat as the capital of Egypt with the mosque later called after him at its center. Caliph Uthman (r. 644–656) dismissed Amr in 646 and centralized control over the province. After mutineers from Egypt assassinated Uthman, Amr distanced himself from their cause, despite previously instigating opposition against the caliph. In the ensuing First Muslim Civil War, he allied with the governor of Syria, Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, against Caliph Ali (r. 656–661). Amr served as Mu'awiya's representative in the abortive arbitration talks to end the war. Afterward, he wrestled control of Egypt from Ali's loyalists and assumed the governorship. Mu'awiya kept him in his post after becoming caliph in 661 and Amr ruled the province as a virtual partner of the caliph until his death.