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Hurricane Dorian

Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	August 24 – September 7
Peak intensity	185 mph (295 km/h) (1-min); 910 mbar (hPa)

Main article: Hurricane Dorian

A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on August 19 and organized as it moved westward, becoming a tropical depression early on August 24 approximately 805 mi (1,295 km) east-southeast of Barbados. The depression quickly developed curved banding features and intensified into Tropical Storm Dorian later that day while heading west-northwestward. Dry air prevented any significant further intensification and organization for several days. Early on August 27, Dorian struck Barbados as a very compact cyclone with winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) and then passed over Saint Lucia later that day. The mountainous terrain of Saint Lucia disrupted the storm's circulation, though a new circulation formed farther to the north. Dorian resumed organizing while moving northeastward over the Caribbean, with a partial eyewall and inner core developing by August 28. The cyclone reached hurricane intensity at 15:30 UTC on August 28 while striking the eastern tip of Saint Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands; another landfall occurred on Saint Thomas a few hours later. After emerging into the Atlantic on August 28, Dorian eventually began moving west-northwestward due to an upper-level low moving to the south and a subtropical ridge expanding westward.^[1]

Encountering very warm water temperatures, ample moisture, and low wind shear, Dorian began rapidly intensifying on August 30, reaching major hurricane intensity around 18:00 UTC that day. Strengthening further, the cyclone became a Category 5 hurricane at 12:00 UTC on September 1, a few hours prior to making landfall on Elbow Cay in the Abaco Islands with winds of 185 mph (295 km/h); Dorian became the strongest tropical cyclone on record to strike the Bahamas. A weakening high pressure area to the north and collapsing steering currents caused Dorian to move very slowly. The cyclone struck Grand Bahama early on September 2 while still a Category 5 hurricane. The storm weakened due to land interaction and upwelling, falling below major hurricane late on September 3. An eastward-moving, large mid-level trough forced Dorian to move north-northwestward and then northward, causing it to remain offshore Florida. The cyclone re-strengthened into a Category 3 hurricane over the Gulf Stream on September 5, but weakened back to a Category 2 later that day. Dorian then curved northeastward and scraped the Outer Banks of North Carolina on September 6 before moving ashore at Cape Hatteras with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h). Embedded within the mid-latitude flow, the cyclone accelerated northeastward and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone late on September 7. The remnant extratropical storm struck Nova Scotia and later Newfoundland before being absorbed by an extratropical cyclone on September 9.^[1]

Throughout the Windward Islands, the storm produced wind gusts up to 61 mph (98 km/h), observed on Martinique. Approximately 4,000 homes lost electricity and many streets became impassable due to flooding.^[2] Mostly minor damage occurred in Barbados.^[3] Some areas of the U. S. Virgin Islands reported hurricane-force winds, with Buck Island observing sustained winds of 82 mph (132 km/h).^[1] Winds from Dorian left island-wide blackouts on Saint Thomas and Saint John, while 25,000 customers lost power on Saint Croix.^[4][5] In the British Virgin Islands, the storm caused flood and wind damage in the outskirts of Road Town.^[6] One death occurred in Puerto Rico during preparations for the storm.^[7] Gusty winds left roughly 23,000 households without electricity across the island.^[4] Dorian inflicted catastrophic damage in some regions of the Bahamas. Approximately 87 percent of the damage nationwide occurred in the Abaco Islands, where the storm struck at peak intensity and generated winds of at least tropical storm-force for more than three days. Around 75 percent of homes there were damaged to some degree.^[1] Further, Dorian damaged about 90 percent of infrastructure in Marsh Harbour and obliterated shanty-type homes in the town.^[8][9] Grand Bahama also experienced extreme impacts,^[1] with storm surge submerging at least 60 percent of the island. The hurricane severely damaged or destroyed around 300 homes on the island. Throughout the Bahamas, an estimated 13,000 homes suffered severe damage or were completely destroyed,^[10] while at least 70,000 people were left homeless.^[11] Dorian killed at least 70 people and caused at least $3.4 billion in damage, making it the costliest hurricane in the country's history.^[1]

Over 160,000 electrical customers in Florida lost power during the storm.^[12] Dorian caused coastal flooding in some areas, especially in immediate oceanfront or riverfront sections of St. Augustine and Jacksonville.^[13] Six deaths occurred in the state.^[14] Strong winds in South Carolina downed numerous trees and power lines,^[1] leaving more than 270,000 residences and workplaces without power.^[15] Coastal flooding and flash flooding impacted the Charleston and Georgetown areas. Three tornadoes in Horry County also caused damage.^[16] The eastern portions of the state experienced storm surge ranging from 4 to 7 ft (1.2 to 2.1 m), wind gusts up to 110 mph (180 km/h), rainfall totals between 5 and 10 in (130 and 250 mm),^[17] and 25 tornadoes.^[18] Dare County was particularly hard hit, with 1,126 structures damaged.^[19] The storm also destroyed 20-25 percent of the state's tobacco crop.^[20] Three deaths were reported in North Carolina.^[21] Gusty winds and beach erosion occurred in other states along the East Coast, especially in Delaware and New Jersey. Damage in the United States totaled roughly $1.6 billion.^[1] In Canada, the extratropical remnants of Dorian left about 412,000 customers without power in Nova Scotia and another 80,000 in New Brunswick, with the former representing approximately 80 percent of the province.^[22] The storm damaged homes, buildings, and boats, as well as downed trees, across Canadian Maritimes, though the worst impacts occurred in Halifax, Moncton, and much of Prince Edward Island. Insured damage alone reached $78.9 million.^[23]

1. Lixion A. Avila; Stacy R. Stewart; Robbie Berg; Andrew B. Hagen (April 20, 2020). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Dorian (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
2. Cyrille Duchesne (August 28, 2019). "Tempête tropicale Dorian: Porto Rico touché ce soir". La Chaîne Météo (in French). Retrieved April 28, 2020.
3. Sandy Deane (August 27, 2019). "Barbados escapes major impact from TS Dorian". Barbados Today. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
4. "Hurricane Dorian does little damage to U.S. Virgin Islands". CBC. Associated Press. August 28, 2019. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
5. Chaffin Mitchell; Mark Puleo (August 29, 2019). "While Puerto Rico avoids direct hit, Virgin Islands take significant blow from Dorian". AccuWeather. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
6. "BVI under curfew till 6am Thursday, centre of Dorian now passed". BVI News. August 28, 2019. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
7. Nelson Oliveira (August 28, 2019). "Man, 80, dies while preparing for Hurricane Dorian in Puerto Rico". New York Daily News. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
8. Hurricane Dorian: WFP Support to the NEMA/CDEMA-led humanitarian response in the Bahamas Situation Report #02, 06 September 2019. World Food Programme (Report). September 6, 2019. ReliefWeb. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
9. Kirk Semple (September 8, 2019). "Corpses Strewn, People Missing a Week After Dorian Hit the Bahamas". The New York Times. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
10. "Bahamas reports 'total devastation' in wake of Hurricane Dorian". Al Jazeera. September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
11. IOM to provide temporary roofing solutions for houses affected by Hurricane Dorian in the Bahamas. International Organization for Migration (Report). ReliefWeb. September 6, 2019. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
12. "FPL says all Dorian power outages resolved". WPEC. September 5, 2019. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
13. Event Details: Tropical Storm. National Weather Service Jacksonville, Florida (Report). National Climatic Data Center. 2019. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
14. Kevin Connolly (September 5, 2019). "6 Florida Deaths Linked to Hurricane Dorian". News 13. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
15. Jenna Schiferl (September 6, 2019). "Thousands left without power in Charleston County in Hurricane Dorian's wake". The Post and Courier. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
16. "Storm Events Database (South Carolina)". 2019. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
17. Tim Armstrong (January 25, 2020). Hurricane Dorian: September 5-6, 2019 (Report). National Weather Service Newport, North Carolina. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
18. "Storm Events Database (North Carolina)". 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
19. Kari Pugh (September 11, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian left nearly $15 million in damages from Duck to Hatteras Island". The Island Free Press. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
20. Celeste Gracia (September 16, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Hits NC Tobacco Farmers". WUNC. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
21. Hayley Fowler (September 9, 2019). "Number of hurricane-related deaths in NC rises to 3, governor says". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
22. Alexander Quon (September 8, 2019). "New Brunswick picks up the pieces after Hurricane Dorian". Global News. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
23. "Hurricane Dorian Caused Over $100 Million in Insured Damage". Newswire. October 4, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2020.